RESUMO
There is little knowledge about occupants' satisfaction when diverse end users coexist in the same building. This paper presents the results of a survey administered to 1013 occupants in 43 academic buildings in Spain, with the aim to reveal the perception of the indoor environmental quality and workplace ergonomics of both lecturers and students. The results revealed that light adequacy, cleanliness and acoustics in classrooms are perceived differently by lecturers and students. Results also revealed no gender differences in satisfaction with all aspects of comfort in classrooms. However, in offices, air quality, thermal sensation in winter and adequacy of space were perceived differently by male and female. The findings will be of interest for tertiary building maintenance, design teams and ergonomists to enhance comfort in both groups of end users. Practitioner Summary: There are no reported studies on how groups of occupants (regular and temporary) perceive comfort in relevant aspects such as acoustics, lighting, space adequacy, cleanliness, and ergonomics. The survey results with 1013 occupants revealed that regular users tend to be less satisfied than temporary users in rooms where they cohabit. Abbreviations: POE: post-occupancy evaluation; HVAC: heating, ventilation and air conditioning; AQ: air quality; IEQ: indoor environmental quality; TS: thermal sensation.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Satisfação Pessoal , Ar Condicionado , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Percepção , VentilaçãoRESUMO
Una de las etapas de un proceso de despliegue de un sistema informático, es la capacitación de los usuarios finales. En algunas ocasiones se subestima la profundidad del impacto de los cambios técnicos en la organización y en los empleados al implantar un sistema informático y no se contrata el servicio de entrenamiento. El presente artículo describe una estrategia de entrenamiento y acompañamiento a usuarios en el proceso de implantación del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria XAVIA HIS. Los principales resultados se relacionan con la definición de acciones, métodos y técnicas que permiten planificar y ejecutar los servicios de entrenamiento y acompañamiento con una mayor eficiencia de las actividades ejecutadas, así como los programas bases de entrenamiento para especialistas informáticos, así como técnicos y profesionales de la salud(AU)
End user training is one of the computer system deployment process stages. The technical changes depth impact on the organization and on employees when implementing a computer system sometimes is underestimated and the training service is not hired. This article describes a training and accompaniment strategy for users in the Hospital Information System XAVIA HIS implementation process. Main results are related to the actions, methods and techniques definition that allow planning and executing the training and accompaniment services with greater efficiency of the activities carried out. Also, the paper present the basic training programs for computer specialists, health technicians and professionals(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Tecnologia/métodos , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Software/normas , Aplicações da Informática MédicaRESUMO
Water availability pressures, competing end-uses and sewers at capacity are all drivers for change in urban water management. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater reuse (GWR) systems constitute alternatives to reduce drinking water usage and in the case of RWH, reduce roof runoff entering sewers. Despite the increasing popularity of installations in commercial buildings, RWH and GWR technologies at a household scale have proved less popular, across a range of global contexts. For systems designed from the top-down, this is often due to the lack of a favourable cost-benefit (where subsidies are unavailable), though few studies have focused on performing full capital and operational financial assessments, particularly in high water consumption households. Using a bottom-up design approach, based on a questionnaire survey with 35 households in a residential complex in Bucaramanga, Colombia, this article considers the initial financial feasibility of three RWH and GWR system configurations proposed for high water using households (equivalent to >203 L per capita per day). A full capital and operational financial assessment was performed at a more detailed level for the most viable design using historic rainfall data. For the selected configuration ('Alt 2'), the estimated potable water saving was 44% (equivalent to 131 m3/year) with a rate of return on investment of 6.5% and an estimated payback period of 23 years. As an initial end-user-driven design exercise, these results are promising and constitute a starting point for facilitating such approaches to urban water management at the household scale.