RESUMO
Purpose: Informal caregivers constitute a vulnerable population group that has forsaken their activities and life projects with the sole purpose of caring for a dependent individual without receiving any form of compensation in return. Emotionally, this population has been neglected by both the state and family members, exacerbating distress levels among them. The objective is to analyze the impact of emotional coping strategies on the experiences of distress and emotional burden among adult informal caregivers tending to hospitalized individuals. Sample and Methods: The role of emotional coping strategies in caregiver burden and psychological distress was examined in 460 informal adult caregivers from Guayaquil, Ecuador, who participated in an online survey. The instruments used included the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21), the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI), and the Emotional Coping Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Afrontamiento Emocional). The analysis involved a multiple regression to iteratively select variables, aiming to build a simpler and more explanatory model. Results: Employing multiple regression analysis with a stepwise model selection procedure, it was found that 16.5% of the variance in depression, 19.5% of the variance in anxiety, 19.8% of the variance in stress, and 32% of the variance in burden were predicted by specific coping strategies. Additionally, the impact of burden was estimated by the participants' gender, with greater burden observed among males due to societal role expectations. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of emotional coping in the experience of informal caregivers and suggests that psychological interventions should focus on developing adaptive strategies to manage the stress and emotional burden associated with caregiving.
RESUMO
Geralmente, é a mãe da criança com transtorno de espectro autista (TEA) que busca tratamento, dedica-se nos cuidados de seu filho, faz adaptações em seu cotidiano, podendo ter empobrecimento em sua vida social, afetiva e profissional, o que pode acarretar desgaste físico e emocional a essa mulher. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar na literatura científica a sobrecarga das mães de crianças com TEA e as formas encontradas por elas para lidar com dificuldades cotidianas decorrentes dessa problemática. Foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura dos últimos doze anos, em artigos científicos relacionados à temática citada. Do procedimento de busca, resultaram seis artigos para o banco final de análise. Os resultados apontam a sobrecarga emocional com o enfrentamento dessa fase, a perda do filho idealizado, confusão de sentimentos, medo, estresse, ter de lidar com o preconceito, assim como a necessidade dessa mãe em ter auxílio no cuidado com o filho.
Generally, it is the mother of the child with autistic spectrum disorder (TEA) who dedicates herself to the care of her child, makes adaptations in her daily life, and may have impoverishment in her social, affective, and professional life, which can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion of this woman. This study aimed to identify in the scientific literature the overload of these mothers, as well as the coping strategies of the daily difficulties. An integrative review of the literature related to the subject, in the last twelve years, was carried out. The search procedure resulted in six articles for the final analysis bank. Because of this integral dedication, one can see the emotional overload with the confrontation of this phase, the loss of the child that was idealized, stress, dealing with prejudice, as well as the need of this mother to have assistance in caring for the child.
En general, la madre del niño con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es quien busca tratamiento, se dedica al cuidado de su hijo, adapta su cotidiano, pudiendo tener empobrecimiento en su vida social, afectiva y profesional, lo que puede acarrear desgaste físico y emocional a esa mujer. El objetivo fue identificar en la literatura científica la sobrecarga de las madres de los niños con TEA, así como las formas encontradas por ellas para lidiar con las dificultades derivadas de esa problemática. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura de los últimos doce años, en artículos relacionados con la temática citada. Del procedimiento de búsqueda, resultaron seis artículos para el banco final de análisis. Los resultados apuntan la sobrecarga emocional con enfrentamiento de esa fase, pérdida del hijo que fue idealizado, estrés, tener que lidiar con el prejuicio, así como la necesidad de esa madre en tener ayuda en el cuidado con el hijo.
RESUMO
El síndrome de Burnout fue declarado en el año 2000 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como un factor de riesgo laboral por su capacidad para afectar la calidad de vida, salud mental e incluso hasta poner en riesgo la vida. Su definición no se encuentra en el DSM-V, ni en el CIE 10, pero usualmente se describe como una forma inadecuada de afrontar el estrés crónico, cuyos rasgos principales son el agotamiento emocional, la despersonalización y la disminución del desempeño personal. En Costa Rica se han realizado pocos estudios para determinar la incidencia del síndrome de desgaste en personal médico del país, los cuales han contado con muestras pequeñas y han arrojado porcentajes que van desde el 20% hasta el 70%.
Burnout syndrome was declared in 2000 by the World Health Organization as an occupational risk factor for its ability to affect the quality of life, mental health and even life threatening. Its definition is not in the DSM-V, or the ICD- 10, but is usually described as an inadequate way to deal with chronic stress, whose main features are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal performance. In Costa Rica there have been few studies to determine the incidence of burnout syndrome in medical staff in the country, which have had small samples and have yielded percentages ranging from 20% to 70%.