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Introducción/objetivo: Las competencias socioemocionales median la gestión emocional y el ajuste social, son relevantes para el aprendizaje, el desempeño profesional, la salud mental y el bienestar entre otras. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Competencias Socioemocionales SEC-Q en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Método: Los participantes fueron 699 estudiantes universitarios, 493 mujeres y 206 varones. La estructura interna se analizó mediante validación cruzada, aplicando análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. La validez convergente y discriminante fue evaluada mediante correlaciones de Pearson entre las subescalas del SEC-Q con: la Escala Autoeficacia Percibida Especifica de Situaciones Académicas, Satisfacción con la vida e Inventario de Burnout de Maslach. Resultados: El cuestionario evidencia adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y los cuatro componentes del instrumento original: autoconciencia, autogestión, conciencia social y toma de decisiones; se presentan de acuerdo con lo esperado, una relación directa con autoeficacia y satisfacción con la vida, e inversa con el estrés. La conciencia social presentó diferencias según el género, siendo mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Conclusión: El SEC-Q es un instrumento confiable y válido para utilizar con estudiantes universitarios chilenos.

Introduction/objective: Socio-emotional competencies are skills that mediate between emotional management and social adjustment. These skills are relevant for: learning, professional performance, mental health, and well-being. The objective is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Social and emotional Competencies Questionnaire SEC-Q in Chilean university students. Method: The sample included 699 university students, 493 women and 206 men. The internal structure was analyzed through cross validation, an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis. Convergent and discriminant validity were determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient between the subscales of the SEC-Q with the Scale of Perceived Self-Efficacy Specific to Academic Situations, Life Satisfaction and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: adequate psychometric properties in the questionnaire, observing the four components proposed by the structure of the original instrument - self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and decision-making. These competencies showed, as expected, a positive relationship with self-efficacy and life satisfaction, and an inverse relationship with stress. Also, social awareness presented differences according to gender, being higher in women than in men. Conclusion: The SEC-Q is a reliable and valid instrument for the evaluation of Chilean university students.

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As competências socioemocionais têm despertado a atenção de pesquisadores pela sua relevância teórica e aplicabilidade. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi a construção, busca de evidências de validade eprodução de normas para uma escala de competências socioemocionais. Foram realizados dois estudos com um total de 696 participantes. O primeiro estudo consistiu na elaboração de itens, análise de juízes e análise fatorial exploratória do instrumento. O segundo estudo consistiu na realização da análise fatorial confirmatória e produção de normas para fins de diagnóstico. Os resultados exploratórios apresentaram um instrumento inicial com 28 itens. Esta análise revelou cinco fatores que apresentaram agrupamentos de itens teoricamente consistentes com as definições do modelo hipotético utilizado. A análise fatorial confirmatória apresentou um modelo com bons índices de ajustes e com os mesmos fatorese itens encontrados na análise exploratória. Concluiu-se que a escala apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas(AU)

The socio-emotional competencies have attracted the attention of researchers due to their theoretical relevance and applicability. The main objective of this research was to build, search for evidence of validity and production of norms for a scale of socio-emotional competencies. Foram carried out two studies with atotal of 696 subjects. The first study consisted of the elaboration of items, analysis by judges and exploratory factor analysis of the instrument. The second study consisted of carrying out confirmatory factor analysis and producing norms for diagnostic purposes. The exploratory results presented an initial instrument with 28 items. This analysis revealed five factors that presented clusters of items theoretically consistent with the definitions of the hypothetical model used. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a model with good fit indices and the same factors and items found in the exploratory analysis. It was concluded that the scale presented good psychometric properties(AU)

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Organizations have shown an interest in socio-emotional competencies due to the current knowledge that they are as important as technical competencies for the best personal and professional development. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding the conceptual definition of these competencies. Accordingly, this narrative review aimed at characterizing the concept of socio-emotional competencies and the instruments used in Brazilian and international studies in the context of organizations and work. The Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Biblioteca Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações databases were consulted, resulting in 26 articles composing the sample. The results show that there is a myriad of concepts about socio-emotional competencies, and that the instruments used evaluate mainly emotional intelligence, personality and other more consolidated constructs in the literature. The impacts of the multiple possibilities of conceptualizing and measuring socio-emotional competences are discussed (AU).

As organizações têm demonstrado interesse nas competências socioemocionais devido ao conhecimento atual de que são tão importantes quanto as competências técnicas para o melhor desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. No entanto, não há consenso na literatura sobre a definição conceitual dessas competências. Nesse sentido, esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo caracterizar o conceito de competências socioemocionais e os instrumentos utilizados nos estudos brasileiros e internacionais no contexto das organizações e trabalho. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar e Biblioteca Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, resultando em 26 artigos compondo a amostra. Os resultados indicam uma miríade de conceitos sobre competências socioemocionais e que os instrumentos utilizados avaliam principalmente inteligência emocional, personalidade e outros construtos mais consolidados na literatura. Os impactos das múltiplas possibilidades de conceituar e mensurar competências socioemocionais são discutidos (AU).

Las organizaciones han mostrado interés en las habilidades socioemocionales debido al conocimiento actual de que son tan importantes como las habilidades técnicas para un mejor desarrollo personal y profesional. Sin embargo, no hay consenso en la literatura sobre la definición conceptual de estas competencias. En consecuencia, esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el concepto de competencias socioemocionales y los instrumentos utilizados en los estudios brasileños e internacionales en el contexto de las organizaciones y del trabajo. Se consultaron las bases Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar y Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones, lo que resultó en 26 artículos que componen la muestra. Los resultados indican una gran cantidad de conceptos sobre las competencias socioemocionales y que los instrumentos empleados evalúan principalmente la inteligencia emocional, la personalidad y otros constructos más consolidados en la literatura. Se discuten los impactos de las múltiples posibilidades de conceptualizar y medir las competencias socioemocionales (AU).

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Abstract. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have investigated resilience, which is considered a phylogenetic process developed to increase survival (Stein, 2009; Aparecida dos Santos & Nunes Moreira, 2014). Resilience is a construct that has been the topic of many studies. The objective of this investigation is to identify the relationship between the five dimensions of resilience in professionals who tend to elderly people, labor engagement and the emotional competencies. Several linear regression models were used to investigate the levels of prediction between the independent and dependent variables. The main results show relationships among resilience and its different dimensions, engagement (B = .207; p = .005) and emotional competencies (B =.710; p =.000) including four of its five dimensions on the analysis (R2 = .724, F = 108.63, gl = 2, p = .000).

Resumen. En los últimos años se han incrementado los estudios sobre la resiliencia como un proceso desarrollado filogenéticamente para la supervivencia (Stein, 2009; Aparecida dos Santos & Nunes Moreira, 2014). El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la relación existente entre las dimensiones de la resiliencia de profesionales que atienden adultos mayores y el engagement laboral y la relación con las competencias emocionales. Se elaboraron modelos de regresión lineal para establecer los niveles de predicción entre las variables independientes y dependiente. Los principales resultados arrojan una relación entre la resiliencia (así como sus diversas dimensiones), el engagement (B = .207; p =. 005) y las competencias emocionales (B =.710; p =.000) incluyendo cuatro de las cinco dimensiones en el análisis (R2= .724, F = 108.63, gl = 2, p = .000).

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Abstract Many intervention programs are conducted in different countries in order to promote social and emotional learning. Nevertheless, the number of instruments to evaluate these competencies is still low, and core social and emotional competencies are rarely included in a single questionnaire and measured as a single construct. Thus, this study was conducted to design and validate the Social and Emotional Competencies Questionnaire. This instrumental study was conducted with 643 university students and a representative sample of 2,139 adolescents. The results show that the questionnaire has good psychometric properties and includes four components: self-awareness, self-management and motivation, social-awareness and prosocial behavior, and decision-making. These competencies are positively related to perceived emotional intelligence and negatively related to alexithymia. This questionnaire can be useful in evaluating social and emotional competencies in different settings. It can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of social and emotional learning programs.

Resumen En diferentes países se llevan a cabo numerosos programas de intervención para promover el aprendizaje socio-emocional. Sin embargo, las principales competencias sociales y emocionales raramente se incluyen en un solo cuestionario o se miden como un único constructo. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar el Cuestionario de Competencias Socio-Emocionales. Este estudio instrumental se realizó con 643 estudiantes universitarios y con una muestra representativa de 2139 adolescentes. Los resultados mostraron que el cuestionario tiene muy buenas propiedades psicométricas e incluye cuatro componentes: autoconciencia, autogestión, conciencia social y conducta prosocial, y toma de decisiones. Estas competencias están relacionadas positivamente con la inteligencia emocional percibida y negativamente con la alexitimia. Este cuestionario puede ser útil para evaluar las competencias socio-emocionales en diferentes contextos. También puede usarse para evaluar la efectividad de los programas de aprendizaje socio-emocional.

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Classrooms in Peace (Aulas en Paz) is an elementary school-based multicomponent program for prevention of aggression and promotion of peaceful relationships. Inspired by international programs and socio-emotional research, it includes (1) a classroom universal curriculum, (2) parent workshops and home visits to parents of the 10% most aggressive children, and (3) extracurricular peer groups of two aggressive and four prosocial children. Activities seek to promote socio-emotional competencies such as empathy, anger management, creative generation of alternatives, and assertiveness. A 2-year quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted with 1154 students from 55 classrooms of seven public schools located in neighborhoods with the presence of youth gangs, drug cartels, and high levels of community violence in two Colombian cities. Despite several implementation (e.g., about half of the activities were not implemented) and evaluation (e.g., randomization problems, large number of missing data, and changes between treatment and control groups) challenges, positive results were found in prosocial behavior and in reduction of aggressive behavior, according to teacher reports, and in assertiveness and reduction of verbal victimization, according to student reports. Furthermore, implementation cost (25 US dollars per student per year) was very low compared to other programs in developed countries. This study shows that the Classrooms in Peace program has an important potential to generate positive results and highlights the challenges of implementing and evaluating prevention programs in highly violent environments.

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Followers' trust is essential for effective leadership. While initial approaches to trust focused on trust-related information, recent findings suggest that trust also has an affective component. Therefore, emotional competencies such as emotional attention, clarification and repair could predict trust in leadership, in early stages of the follower-leader relation. However, as this relation develops in time, trust-related judgments may shift from followers' emotions towards leaders' behaviors such as goal setting practices. As goals can be set in either a directive or participative way, followers with different levels of emotional competences should have distinct emotional responses towards these goal-setting types. On this rationale, we evaluated a possible interactive effect between goal setting types and emotional competencies on followers' trust in leadership. For this, we conducted a two-wave experiment, randomly assigning 228 participants to two possible experimental conditions (directive vs. participative goal setting) or a control group (unspecific "Do your best" goals). We used multivariate regression analyses to test our hypotheses, controlling for demographic factors (participants age, biological gender and previous work experience) and stable personality traits. While there were no differences in trust in leadership across experimental conditions, followers' emotional competencies at work session 1 had positive main effects on followers' trust in leadership. At work session 2, significant interaction effects between directive goal setting type and both emotional clarity and repair indicate that only setting goals in a directive way will compensate low levels of followers' emotional clarity and repair.

La confianza de los seguidores es un elemento esencial de un liderazgo eficaz. Las aproximaciones tempranas a la formación de la confianza hacia los líderes, adoptaron un enfoque basado en evaluaciones basadas en información. Sin embargo, avances recientes en la investigación de la confianza sugiere que estas evaluaciones también contienen un componente afectivo. En este estudio proponemos que las competencias emocionales, como (1) atención, (2) claridad y (3) reparación emocional predecirán la confianza hacia el líder en momentos tempranos de la relación líder-seguidor. A medida que esta relación se desarrolla en el tiempo, las evaluaciones sobre la fiabilidad del líder cambiaran su objetivo, más precisamente de las emociones que el líder despierta a la manera en que este establece las metas. Debido a que las metas pueden ser establecidas de manera directiva o participativa, los seguidores con diferentes niveles en estas tres competencias emocionales, deberían presentar diferentes respuestas emocionales hacia dichas prácticas de establecimiento de metas. Basándonos en esta idea, evaluamos un posible efecto interactivo de las competencias emocionales y el tipo de establecimiento de metas sobre los puntajes de confianza hacia el líder de los seguidores. Para esto, realizamos un experimento longitudinal de dos sesiones de trabajo al cual asistieron 228 participantes. Las competencias emocionales de los seguidores en la primera sesión de trabajo tuvieron un efecto positivo sobre su confianza en el líder, mientras que se detectó un efecto de interacción entre la reparación emocional y el tipo de establecimiento de metas. En la segunda sesión de trabajo, solo se detectaron efectos de interacción entre la claridad y la reparación emocional y el establecimiento de metas directivo. Este resultado indica que el hecho de establecer metas, y no como estas se establecen es lo que compensara el efecto negativo sobre la confianza en el líder de bajos niveles de claridad y reparación emocional de los seguidores.

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