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Objective: It was to evaluate changes in lifestyle habits and health behavior among university students in Peru and Mexico during periods of confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify possible relationships between these changes and sociodemographic variables, health status, and technology consumption. Methods: It was a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study conducted among a population of 739 Mexican students and 305 Peruvian students, most of whom were women (n =778, 74.5%) and non-graduates (n =921, 88.2%). The questionnaire scale for changes in lifestyles during the quarantine period has been previously validated. Results: The association between sociodemographic factors and dimensions of change in healthy lifestyles was evaluated, and it was shown that gender and country of residence were significant for all dimensions of healthy lifestyle (p < 0.05), except for the level of education, which did not show significance about the change in the dimensions of media consumption (p = 0.875) and physical activity (p = 0.239). Within the dimensions mentioned, it can be stated that women are more likely than men to change their eating habits (adjusted prevalences (aPR) = 1.08, p < 0.001), media consumption (aPR = 1.04, p < 0.001), and physical activity (aPR = 1.02, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, participants from Peru are more likely than participants from Mexico to change physical activity (aPR = 1.14, p < 0.001) and media consumption (aPR = 1.22, p < 0.001). Finally, graduate students were more likely than undergraduate students to change eating habits (aPR = 1.09, p = 0.005) and unhealthy habits (aPR = 1.06, p = 0.030). Conclusion: It was concluded that there were lifestyle changes in Mexican and Peruvian university students in their eating habits, physical activity, internet consumption, and food delivery.

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Changes in dietary patterns and body weight have become a focus of research in undergraduate students. This study compared breakfast consumption, intake of foods high in saturated fat, and BMI between medical and non-medical students. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 4,561 Peruvian university students, of whom 1,464 (32.1%) were from the medical field and 3,097 (67.9%) from the non-medical field. We compared the frequency of breakfast consumption (categorized as regular: 6 to 7 days/week; occasional: 3 to 5 days/week; and rarely or never: 0 to 2 days/week) and the frequency of consumption of foods high in saturated fat. We created simple and multiple linear and Poisson regression models with robust variance to evaluate the association of the mentioned variables with academic fields. Non-medical students (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99; p = 0.008) were less likely to eat breakfast regularly compared to medical students. Likewise, consumption of foods high in saturated fats was higher in non-medical students (B = 1.47, 95% CI 0.91-2.04; p < 0.001) compared to medical students. Similarly, the mean BMI of these students was significantly higher than that of medical students (B = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.53; p = 0.002). Although medical students reported relatively healthy eating habits and a lower BMI, there is a widespread need to promote improved diet and lifestyle among the entire university population to reduce the risks of communicable diseases and improve quality of life.

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Introducción: la yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) constituye un recurso alimentario autóctono, formando parte de la tradición y cultura alimentaria del Paraguay. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios locales sobre los hábitos de consumo y preferencias por los paraguayos. Objetivo: describir los hábitos de consumo de la yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) en el Departamento Central en el 2022. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con datos primarios, realizado en el Departamento Central de Paraguay. Muestreo no probabilístico en racimos. Instrumento de elaboración propia, diseñado como encuesta digital en la plataforma Google Form® (EE.UU.). Las variables fueron agrupadas en datos demográficos, relacionados al consumo de mate, tereré y cocido, procesados en Microsoft Excel® (EE.UU.) y EPI INFO® 7.0 (EE.UU.). Resultados: participaron 207 personas, la mayoría contaban entre 18 a 40 años, sexo femenino (83,22 %, 119), solteros, universitarios. El consumo más frecuente fue mate+ tereré+ cocido (43,96 %, 91) y tereré + cocido (14,01 %, 29). Todos los encuestados percibían más de dos salarios mínimos, y eran trabajadores de tiempo completo. El 81,64 % (169) consumían tereré, 69,08 % (143) mate, 80,23 % (138) cocido. El tipo de yerba más consumido fue la "compuesta con hierbas medicinales", con un promedio de 1,5 Litros diarios. Conclusión: las formas más consumidas son tereré, cocido y mate, el tipo de yerba es la compuesta con el agregado de hierbas medicinales. Se sugieren realizar estudios poblacionales más amplios sobre el consumo de bebidas a base de yerba mate en Paraguay, así como ampliar estudios sobre las posibles interacciones e inocuidad entre la yerba mate con hierbas medicinales.

Introduction: yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) constitutes a native food resource, forming part of the food tradition and culture of Paraguay. However, there are few local studies on the consumption habits and preferences of Paraguayans. Objective: to describe the consumption habits of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in the Departamento Central in 2022. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study, with primary data, carried out in the Departamento Central of Paraguay. Non-probability cluster sampling. Self-developed instrument, designed as a digital survey on the Google Form® platform (USA). The variables were grouped into demographic data, related to the consumption of mate, tereré and cocido, processed in Microsoft Excel® (USA) and EPI INFO® 7.0 (USA). Results: people participated was 207, the majority were between 18 and 40 years old, female (83.22 %, 119), single, university students. The most frequent consumption was mate + tereré + cooked (43.96 %, 91) and tereré + cooked (14.01 %, 29). All respondents received more than two minimum wages, and were full-time workers. 81.64 % (169) consumed tereré, 69.08 % (143) consumed mate, 80.23 % (138) cooked. The most consumed type of herb was "composed with medicinal herbs", with an average of 1.5 Liters per day. Conclusion: the most consumed forms are tereré, cooked and mate, the type of yerba is the one composed with the addition of medicinal herbs. It is suggested to carry out larger population studies on the consumption of yerba mate-based drinks in Paraguay, as well as expand studies on the possible interactions and safety between yerba mate and medicinal herbs.

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Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between the biopsychosocial environment and eating habits and behaviors that lead to the selection and consumption of certain food from the earliest stages of life. To clarify whether there is an interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors, and how they shape eating habits. Data source A narrative review based on research in PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out over the last 10 years, searching the title and summary fields using the keywords Children OR adolescents Feeding Behavior eating OR Dietary Habits OR Eating Behavior OR Eating Habits OR Children obesity. Data synthesis The generational transmission of eating habits is related to the home, community, and school environments, mainly during the first years of life, and can exert the modulation of habits during all stages of life. During childhood, the family's role in consolidating eating habits is very broad and ranges from choosing foods to prioritizing family meals, including the lifestyle. Conclusions Eating habits are transmitted from parents to children in different ways: environmental, emotional, social, and educational. In cases of obesity, a greater association of genetic influence can be observed.

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COVID-19 caused profound societal changes to cope rapidly with the new circumstances. The food market changed its quantity, quality, form, and frequency dynamics. Consequently, food-eating habits and lifestyles like physical exercise likely experienced changes. An online-based survey was conducted between June 2020 and January 2021 in the metropolitan regions of Rhine Ruhr Metropolis (RRM), Greater São Paulo (GSP), other metropolitan regions in São Paulo state (oMRSP), other Brazilian metropolitan regions (oBRMR), and the remaining urban areas in both countries (oUA), representing different contexts of Brazil and Germany. We assessed self-reported changes in physical activity level, diet quality, self-reported eating habits, and buying groceries during the first year of the pandemic. In Germany, indoor and outdoor activities increased for 34% of the respondents, while in Brazil, there was a decrease in physical activity for 50% of the participants. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scored higher among Brazilians (16.8) than Germans (15.2) on a 0-29 HEI scale. Increased awareness of healthy and sustainable eating habits was observed in GSP (0.7), oMRSP (0.63), oBRMR (0.7), and oUA (0.68) on a scale from no change (0) to change (1). In RRM, an increase in convenience foods was noticed (0.86). Participants reported discomfort with food purchasing due to hygiene measures and avoided going to the supermarket (0.7 on average in Brazil and 0.58 for females using the same 0-1 scale). Also, food supply at the grocery shops was reported to be often unavailable and in lower quantities. A real-time assessment of self-reported changes in eating habits and lifestyle during the lockdown in 2020 in different contexts is insightful for rethinking strategies to improve conditions in the post-COVID-19 era and prepare for future pandemics.

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Introduction: The confinement due to COVID-19 significantly affected people's food consumption, especially university students who had to adapt to virtual education. Objective: To determine the perception and food consumption frequency due to the COVID-19 pandemic among Peruvian students from a private university in Trujillo City, Peru. Materials and method: The research design was non-experimental, descriptive, and cross- sectional. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 169 students and the instrument used was a virtual survey (Cronbach's alpha = 0.846). Results: It is shown that there is a higher frequency of young people (n = 116) and adolescents (n = 45) who participated in the study, and that the average age was 22.15 ± 3.77 years. Likewise, the Frequency of Consumption dimension, it showed a higher frequency in the "Sometimes" scale, where it is related to whether it exceeded the number of meals per day (34.9%), eating out of control (38.5%), desires to eat unhealthy food (32.0%) and whether it influenced eating (30.8%). Similarly, it was shown that the majority of respondents consumed fruits (68.6%) and vegetables (58.0%) and considered water consumption essential (98.3%). On the other hand, there was a higher frequency regarding the consumption of ultra-processed foods (n = 95, 56.2%). Conclusion: The population of a private university made up mostly of young people and adolescents perceives that there was a change in their diet during the COVID-19 pandemic(AU)

Introducción: El confinamiento por COVID-19 afectó notablemente el consumo de alimentos de las personas, sobre todo de los universitarios quienes tuvieron que adaptarse a una educación virtual. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción y la frecuencia del consumo de alimentos a causa de la pandemia por COVID-19 en estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Trujillo (Perú). Materiales y métodos: El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental de tipo descriptivo, y de corte transversal. La muestra no probabilística estuvo conformada por 169 estudiantes y el instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta virtual (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,846). Resultados: Se muestra que hay una mayor frecuencia de jóvenes (n = 116) y adolescentes (n = 45) que participaron en el estudio, y que la edad promedio fue de 22,15 ± 3,77 años. Así mismo, en la dimensión Frecuencia de Consumo, tuvo una mayor frecuencia en la escala "A veces", donde se relaciona a si excedió el número de comidas al día (34,9%), comer fuera de control (38,5%), deseos de comer comida poco saludable (32,0%) y si influenció en la alimentación (30,8%). De la misma manera, se mostró que la mayoría de encuestados consumió frutas (68,6%) y verduras (58,0) y consideró imprescindible el consumo de agua (98,3%), por otro lado, hubo una mayor frecuencia respecto al consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (n = 95, 56,2%). Conclusiones: La población de una universidad privada conformada mayoritariamente por jóvenes y adolescentes percibe que si hubo un cambio en su alimentación durante la pandemia del COVID-19(AU)

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Introduction: Assessment of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire in adolescents (CFPQ-Teen) is still limited, with no evaluation of the measurement invariance. The participants comprised 473 Chilean adolescents of both sexes from dual-income nuclear families. The aims of this study were: (1) to adapt to Spanish and validate a model of five-factor version the CFPQ-Teen; (2) to examine the psychometric properties, (3) to evaluate the measurement invariance according to the adolescents' gender; and (4) to compare the scores of each factor between female and male adolescents. Methods: The instrument was translated, back-translated, and adapted from the CFPQ-Teen, confirming the equivalence, conceptual, and face validity in a pilot sample of 40 adolescents. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the five-factor model of the CFPQ-Teen: Monitoring, Adolescent Control, Restriction for weight control, Parental Modeling, and Environment. The Environment factor was eliminated as a result. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis presented good reliability, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity values. In addition, medium to high goodness-of-fit levels were obtained by eliminating an item from the Adolescent Control factor. These results confirm a final 20-item model representing four factors. The multigroup invariance analysis of the measurement model verified configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict invariance. No significant differences were found between females and males in the scores on the four factors. Discussion: These results enable comparisons by sex on the perceptions of Food Parenting Practices from the analyzed factors, primarily within the context of the Chilean sample.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the biopsychosocial environment and eating habits and behaviors that lead to the selection and consumption of certain food from the earliest stages of life. To clarify whether there is an interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors, and how they shape eating habits. DATA SOURCE: A narrative review based on research in PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out over the last 10 years, searching the title and summary fields using the keywords Children OR adolescents Feeding Behavior eating OR Dietary Habits OR Eating Behavior OR Eating Habits OR Children obesity. DATA SYNTHESIS: The generational transmission of eating habits is related to the home, community, and school environments, mainly during the first years of life, and can exert the modulation of habits during all stages of life. During childhood, the family's role in consolidating eating habits is very broad and ranges from choosing foods to prioritizing family meals, including the lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: Eating habits are transmitted from parents to children in different ways: environmental, emotional, social, and educational. In cases of obesity, a greater association of genetic influence can be observed.

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Aim: To establish the relationship between consuming foods considered risk factors for gastric cancer and trophic changes in gastric mucosa. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. We included patients older than 18 admitted for upper GI endoscopy with biopsies who adequately answered a survey of personal history and eating habits. Those with a history of gastric cancer or gastric surgical resection for any reason were excluded. The association between feeding variables and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa was estimated. Results: In a population of 1,096 patients, the average age was 51 years (standard deviation [SD]: 15.5), and 59% were women. Trophic changes in the gastric mucosa were identified in 173 patients (15.8%). No statistical association was found between the independent variables of eating habits, obesity, and positive Helicobacter pylori versus the variable "trophic changes," unlike the variable "family history of gastric cancer" (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.17, p = 0.036). One case of high-grade dysplasia was detected in the study population (0.91 cases in 1,000 patients). Conclusions: No association was established between eating habits and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa in the studied population. A family history of gastric cancer is a statistically significant risk factor for developing atrophy, metaplasia, or dysplasia changes.

Objetivo: establecer la relación entre el consumo de alimentos considerados como factores de riesgo para cáncer gástrico y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años admitidos para realización de endoscopia digestiva superior con toma de biopsias que respondieron adecuadamente una encuesta de antecedentes personales y hábitos de alimentación. Se excluyeron aquellos con antecedente de cáncer gástrico o resección quirúrgica gástrica por cualquier motivo. Se estimó la asociación entre las variables de alimentación y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica. Resultados: en una población de 1096 pacientes, el promedio de la edad fue 51 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 15,5), y correspondió en un 59% a mujeres. Se identificaron cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica en 173 pacientes (15,8%). No se obtuvo asociación estadística entre las variables independientes de hábitos de alimentación, obesidad y Helicobacter pylori positivo frente a la variable "cambios tróficos", a diferencia de la variable "antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico" (odds ratio [OR]: 1,49; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 1,03-2,17; p = 0,036). Se obtuvo 1 caso de displasia de alto grado en la población estudiada (0,91 casos en 1000 pacientes). Conclusiones: no se estableció una asociación entre los hábitos de alimentación y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica en la población estudiada. El antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico se muestra como un factor de riesgo estadísticamente significativo para el desarrollo de cambios de atrofia, metaplasia o displasia.

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Studying the dietary habits and symptoms of postmenopausal women during situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic is important to mitigate long-term post-pandemic health problems. We compared the menopausal symptoms and food consumption in postmenopausal women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal survey was conducted on postmenopausal Brazilian women between 2018 and 2021. The Kupperman-Blatt Menopausal Index, Women's Health Questionnaire, and 24 h food recall were used. Of 274 women, 78 (28.5%) participated in the study during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intensity of the symptoms was lower during the pandemic than during the previous period (p < 0.05). Energy and processed food consumption were lower during the pandemic than before (p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively). Milk and plain yogurt consumption were also lower (p = 0.043), while the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sweet foods was higher (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively) during the pandemic. There was also a decrease in the consumption of proteins and lipids (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, we found that postmenopausal women consumed sweet foods and sugar-sweetened beverages in higher quantities and had a lower consumption of milk and plain yogurt and processed foods during the pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period. Furthermore, decreases in energy and macronutrient consumption were observed.

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La malnutrición por exceso es un problema de salud pública en Panamá. En bomberos, la malnutrición tiene graves implicaciones en la salud. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional, los hábitos alimentarios y el riesgo cardiovascular de unidades del Benemérito Cuerpo de Bomberos de la Región de Panamá Oeste en Panamá. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de marzo a diciembre 2022. Para la recopilación de hábitos alimentarios se utilizó el formulario de frecuencia de consumo. Para la evaluación nutricional se midió peso, talla y circunferencia de la cintura. El riesgo cardiovascular fue estimado a partir de la razón cintura-altura (WHtR, por su acrónimo en inglés). Se evaluaron 100 participantes (79% son hombres) con edad entre 18 a 60 años. El exceso de peso se observó en el 88%, la obesidad en el 58%. El 97% consume frituras y 94% consume bebidas azucaradas. Solo el 20% y 16% consume vegetales y frutas diariamente. El 51% presenta riesgo cardiovascular por WHtR, siendo 39.2% en hombres y 95% en mujeres (p= 0.000). Se observa una alta proporción de exceso de peso, obesidad, obesidad abdominal y riesgo cardiovascular entre los bomberos evaluados. Bajo consumo de frutas y vegetales junto con un alto consumo de bebidas azucaradas y frituras. Es necesario implementar programas de prevención y control de la obesidad, así como brindar educación en alimentación y nutrición para abordar estos problemas de salud.

Malnutrition is a public health problem in Panama. In firefighters, malnutrition has serious health implications. We aim to evaluate the nutritional status, eating habits, and cardiovascular risk of units of the Fire Department of the West Panama Region in Panama. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from March to December 2022. For the collection of eating habits, a food frequency questionnaire was used. Weight, height, and waist circumference were used for the nutritional status evaluation. Cardiovascular risk was estimated from the waist-height ratio (WHtR). 100 participants (79% are men) aged between 18 and 60 years were evaluated. Excess weight was observed in 88%, and obesity in 58%. Cardiovascular risk by WHtR was presented in 51%, 39.2% of males, and 95% of females (p= 0.000). 97% consume fried foods and 94% consume sugary drinks. Only 20% and 16% consume vegetables and fruits daily. A high proportion of excess weight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and cardiovascular risk among the evaluated firefighters was observed. Low consumption of fruits and vegetables along with a high consumption of sugary drinks and fried foods. It is necessary to implement obesity prevention and control programs, as well as provide food and nutrition education to address these health problems.

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Until this moment, no research has been found that has assessed adherence to online nutritional monitoring by adults with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (T1DM) during the pandemic. This article aims to analyze the association between eating habits and adherence to nutritional online care by adults with T1DM during social distancing because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in July 2020. An online form was used to collect sociodemographic data, financial status, eating habits, carrying out online nutritional monitoring, and adherence to social distancing. Pearson's chi-squared test was performed with adjusted residual analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). Out of the 472 adults, only 8.9% had consulted with a nutritionist. Doing nutritional monitoring online during social distancing was associated with a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (p = 0.021), eating more servings of fruit (p = 0.036), and doing carbohydrate counting (CC) more frequently (p = 0.000). Doing nutritional monitoring online increased adherence to carbohydrate counting by 2.57 times and increased the consumption of fruits by 0.423 times. Therefore, nutritional monitoring, even if performed remotely, can influence the acquisition and maintenance of healthier eating habits, in addition to assisting adherence to the practice of CC.

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Burnout can have a negative influence on dietary intake, promoting unhealthy eating behaviors in health care workers. This study determined the association between burnout, saturated fat intake, and body mass index (BMI) in a group of health care workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 300 health professionals residing in Rioja, Department of San Martin, Peru. Data were collected through an online and face-to-face survey. Burnout was assessed using a scale adapted and validated in the Peruvian population. Additionally, a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess habitual fat intake. Both instruments were validated and adapted to the Peruvian population. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate logistic regression. Values of P < .05 were considered statistically significant. In the adjusted model, it was found that, for each extra point on intake scale, an average of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.57-1.62, P < .001) points increased burnout scale; these results persisted when compared by gender, 1.17 0.49 1.85, and 1.08 0.16 2.00, respectively female male genders. there no association between bmi (P > .05). Future programs and interventions should be considered to minimize the effects of burnout on unhealthy food intake in health care workers in Peru to ensure better medical care by health care professionals on behalf of patients.

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Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity. The reduction in overnight fasting and its physiological consequences seem to affect the metabolic health of shift workers, but little has been discussed regarding the feasibility and implications of maintaining a night-long fast during work. This narrative review aims to discuss the impact of eating behavior on the reduction of overnight fasting in shift workers, as well as possible nutritional strategies involving fasting that have been tested for shift workers, to contribute to the establishment of nutritional guidelines for them. We used various databases and search engines to retrieve relevant articles, reviews, and investigations. Despite the potential benefits of overnight fasting for other groups, few studies have investigated this approach in the context of shift work. Generally, it seems to be a feasible and metabolically beneficial strategy for shift workers. However, it is essential to investigate the potential risks and benefits of reducing the fasting time for shift workers, considering social, hedonic, and stress-related factors. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish safe and feasible strategies for shift workers to practice different fasting windows.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el Sobrepeso y obesidad autopercibidos en estudiantes universitarios. Caso: Medicina-Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Metodología: Se empleó el paradigma positivista desde la perspectiva cuantitativa, con un diseño no experimental, el tipo de investigación es de campo y el nivel descriptivo, con aplicación de un cuestionario a un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de Medicina, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador; se estructuró un cuestionario con la herramienta Kobotoolbox, misma que contó con un total de 27 preguntas que contenían temas socio demográficos y temas específicos para analizar la presencia de obesidad y sobrepeso. Resultados: Mientras más tiempo de clases más tiempo de pantalla y esto da menos actividad física. Conclusión: Se demuestra que ser sedentario aumenta en 2,8 veces la probabilidad de sufrir sobrepeso, aunque no es determinante, se convierte en un factor de riesgo a ser considerado.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe self-perceived overweight and obesity in university students. Case Medical School, Ecuador. Methodology: The positivist paradigm was used from the quantitative perspective, with a non-experimental design, the type of research is field and descriptive level application of a questionnaire to a group of university students, a questionnaire was structured with the Kobotoolbox tool, which had a total of 27 questions containing socio demographic issues and specific topics to analyze the presence of obesity and overweight. Results: The more class time, the more screen time, the less physical activity. Conclusion: It is shown that being sedentary increases in 2.8 times the probability of being overweight, although it is not significantly significant, it becomes a risk factor to be considered.

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ABSTRACT Background: Celiac disease is defined as a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the small intestine in genetically predisposed people, triggered by exposure to gluten. The only treatment for celiac disease to date is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Eating habits of celiacs play an important role in their nutritional status. Objective: To evaluate the eating habits and nutritional status of patients with celiac disease in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with patients diagnosed with celiac disease residing in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) over 18 years of age. An online questionnaire was applied with calls through social networks and also by the Associação dos Celíacos do Brasil - Rio Grande do Sul Section. Sociodemographic data, history of celiac disease, general medical history, reported weight and height and food consumption data (SISVAN food frequency questionnaire and general questions) were collected. Results: The sample consisted of 142 individuals with a mean age of 39.75±11.5 years, 94.4% were women and 93% were white. The patients showed care regarding a gluten-free diet, with the majority not ingesting gluten (82.2%) and being careful regarding cross-contamination by gluten in their homes (85.9%) and in restaurants (62, 4%). Most patients also had good eating habits, with frequent consumption of fruits, vegetables, meats, eggs and low frequency of processed foods and fats. Body weight before and after the diagnosis of celiac disease did not show significant changes (62.3±13.8 versus 63.6±11.7 kg; P=0.147); however, there was an improvement in the classification of nutritional status by body mass index (malnourished: 11.6% before versus 2.3% after; P=0.016). Conclusion: Most celiac disease patients in this study have good eating habits with a balanced gluten-free diet and improved nutritional status after diagnosis according to body mass index classification.

RESUMO Contexto: A doença celíaca é definida como uma doença crônica autoimune que afeta o intestino delgado em pessoas geneticamente predispostas, desencadeada pela exposição ao glúten. O único tratamento para doença celíaca até o momento é uma dieta isenta de glúten por toda a vida, levando em consideração que os hábitos alimentares de celíacos desempenham um papel importante em seu estado nutricional. Objetivo: Avaliar os hábitos alimentares e o estado nutricional de pacientes com doença celíaca do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 142 pacientes com diagnóstico de doença celíaca residentes no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e maiores de 18 anos. Para realização deste estudo, foi aplicado um questionário on-line com divulgação através de redes sociais e também pela Associação dos Celíacos do Brasil - Seção Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, histórico da doença celíaca, história clínica geral, peso e altura referidos e dados de consumo alimentar através de questionário de frequência alimentar do SISVAN e questões gerais. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 142 indivíduos com idade média de 39,75±11,5 anos, sendo 94,4% mulheres e 93% de etnia branca. Os participantes apresentaram cuidados em relação a dieta isenta de glúten, sendo que a maioria não ingere glúten (82,2%) e possuem cuidados em relação a contaminação cruzada por glúten em suas casas (85,9%) e em restaurantes (62,4%). A maioria da amostra também apresentou bons hábitos alimentares, com o consumo frequente de frutas, legumes, verduras, carnes, ovos e pouco frequente de industrializados e gorduras. O peso corporal antes e após o diagnóstico de doença celíaca não apresentou mudanças significativas (62,3±13,8 versus 63,6±11,7 kg; P=0,147); entretanto, houve melhora na classificação do estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal (11,6% versus 2,3% de desnutridos; P=0,016). Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes com doença celíaca deste estudo apresentam bons hábitos alimentares com uma dieta isenta de glúten balanceada e com melhora do estado nutricional após o diagnóstico de acordo com a classificação do índice de massa corporal.

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Introducción: El exceso de peso corporal afecta la calidad de vida de millones de jóvenes alrededor del mundo. Objetivo : Determinar los factores asociados a la prevalencia del sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de covid-19, durante octubre a diciembre del 2020. Método : Investigación de tipo analítica, transversal. Se contó con una población de 325 estudiantes de la carrera profesional de tecnología médica y una muestra de 169 estudiantes de ambos sexos. Para calcular el sobrepeso y obesidad se empleó el índice de masa corporal y diámetro de la circunferencia de la cintura. Los factores asociados se determinaron mediante una encuesta validada por juicio de expertos. Resultados : El 49,1% de estudiantes tenían sobrepeso u obesidad, siendo las mujeres las más afectadas. El 59,0% de estudiantes con sobrepeso u obesidad presentaron riesgo elevado de obesidad abdominal. Según los hábitos alimenticios, el 97,6% de jóvenes ingería tres o más comidas diarias, 81,9% consumía alimentos ricos en carbohidratos y 54,2% comida chatarra de 1 -2 veces por semana. En relación al sedentarismo, el 71,0% de estudiantes permanecía sentado entre 5 y 8 horas al día, 67,4% dormía menos de 7 horas diarias y 57,8% no realizaba ninguna actividad física. Conclusiones: La ingesta de alimentos con alto contenido en carbohidratos, comida chatarra, horas destinadas al sueño y que permanecen sentados diariamente son los factores asociados a la alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad de los estudiantes en los tiempos de la Covid-19.

Introduction: excess body weight affects the quality of life of millions of young people around the world. Objective: to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in university students during COVID-19, from october to december 2020. Methods: analytical, cross-sectional research with non-experimental design. There was a population of 325 students of the professional career of medical technology and a sample of 169 students of both sexes. Body mass index and waist circumference diameter were used to calculate overweight and obesity. The associated factors were determined by means of a survey validated by expert judgment. Results: 49.1% of the students were overweight or obese, with females being the most affected. Of overweight or obese students, 59.0% were at high risk of abdominal obesity. According to eating habits, 97.6% of young people ate three or more meals per day, 81.9% consumed foods rich in carbohydrates and 54.2% consumed junk food 1 -2 times per week. In relation to sedentary lifestyle, 71.0% of students remained seated between 5 and 8 hours a day, 67.4% slept less than 7 hours a day and 57.8% did not perform any physical activity. Conclusions: the intake of food with high carbohydrate content, junk food, hours spent sleeping and sitting daily are the factors associated with the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among students during the COVID-19 period.

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la calidad de la dieta y el conocimiento sobre nutrición (CN) y las prácticas de nutrición (PN) de las personas que realizan actividad física (AF) con regularidad. Métodos: Se estudiaron 200 individuos sanos que acudían al gimnasio al menos tres veces por semana. La calidad de la dieta se calculó utilizando el Índice de Alimentación Saludable-2015 (HEI-2015). Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para evaluar las asociaciones entre las puntuaciones de CN y PN y las variables de la dieta. Resultados: De los participantes, el 47,0 % tenía CN deficiente y el 48,0 % tenía PN pobre. Se determinó que las puntuaciones de PN se asociaron significativamente con los granos integrales, los mariscos y las proteínas a base de hierbas y la calidad total de la dieta (p0,05). Un aumento en una unidad en la puntuación CN resultó en un aumento del 26,7 % en el consumo de refrigerios ajustado por edad, sexo, nivel educativo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y actividad física (AF)(p<0,001). La evaluación del puntaje PN se relacionó con las comidas principales (β=0,065±0,013; IC 95% 0,04-0,09; p<0,001), consumo de refrigerios (β=0,029±0,014, IC 95% 0,01-0,06; p<0,05) y la calidad total de la dieta (β=0,894±0,329; IC95% 0,24-1,54; p<0,05). Además, alrededor del 17% de la variabilidad en la puntuación PN podría explicarse por las puntuaciones CN. Conclusiones: CN elevada se asoció con un aumento en las puntuaciones de PN e indirectamente con un aumento en la calidad de la dieta. Para ver los efectos beneficiosos de la AF en la salud, las personas deben apoyarse en una dieta saludable, aumentando su CN.

Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between diet quality and nutrition knowledge (CN) and nutrition practices (NP) of people who perform physical activity (PA) regularly. Methods: Two hundred healthy individuals who attended the gym at least three times a week were studied. The quality of the diet is calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Linear regression models were used multiplex to assess associations between NC and PN scores and dietary variables. Results: Of the participants, 47.0% had poor NK and 48.0% were found to have poor NPs.It was determined that NP scores were significantly associated with whole grains, seafood, and herbal proteins and total diet quality (p0.05). A one-unit increase in the NK score resulted in a 26.7% increase in the consumption of snack meals adjusted for age, gender, educational level, body mass index(BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity(PA)(p< 0.001). Assessment of the NP score was related to the main meals (β=0.065±0.013; 95%CI 0.04-0.09; p<0.001), consumption of snack meals (β=0.029±0.014, 95%CI 0.01-0.06; p<0.05), and total diet quality(β=0.894±0.329; 95%CI 0.24-1.54; p<0.05). Moreover, about 17% of the variability in the NP score could be explained by the NK scores. Conclusions: Elevated NK was associated with an increase in the NP scores and indirectly with an increase in diet quality. In order to see the beneficial effects of PA on health, individuals should be supported by a healthy diet, by increasing their NK.