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Biowaste from slaughterhouses can be recovered to benefit food security and reduce contamination potential. More than 3 billion heads of livestock are consumed worldwide, which will increase by 17% by 2028, generating more biowaste, increasing infectious agents, and causing economic losses due to circular economy principles not being applied. This work evaluated the nutritional quality of four types of biowaste from bovine slaughter which were transformed into a meal for guinea pigs (rumen content (RCM), ears (EaM), blood (BM), and cheeks (CM)) according to their chemical composition, digestible components, energy contribution, and voluntary consumption. For the animal model, adult male guinea pigs were arranged in metabolic cages for feces collection without urinary contamination. Nine guinea pigs were used in each digestibility test. First, a direct digestibility test was conducted using a meal of barley as a reference diet (RD), the indigestibility coefficient of which allowed for the estimation of the digestibility of biowaste meals through indirect calculations; for this, diets composed of 80% of the RD and 20% of the corresponding biowaste meals were evaluated. The difference method was suitable for determining the digestibility of beef biowaste using the indigestibility coefficients of the reference diet to calculate the digestibility of ingredients which could not be offered as 100% of the meal but were incorporated as 20%. The digestible protein and metabolizable energy contents of RCM, EaM, BM, and CM were 10.2% and 2853 kcal/kg, 44.5% and 3325 kcal/kg, 70.7% and 2583 kcal/kg, and 80.8% and 3386 kcal/kg, respectively. The CM and BM feeds had the highest contributions of digestible protein due to their higher nitrogen content, and the CM and EaM feeds had the highest ME contents due to their higher fat contents. The biowaste meal consumption in descending order was CM > RCM > EaM > BM, which were consumed without problems. These results are indicative that these components can be part of guinea pigs' diets, and it is recommended to continue studies into guinea pig growth and fattening diets with different levels of these biowaste meals.

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Abstract Objectives Prominent ear abnormalities affect 5% of the population. A prospective, double-blind study of patients who underwent otoplasty procedures to correct these abnormalities was conducted to compare two surgical techniques. They diverge by the preservation or not of conchal cartilage. Methods The two techniques were compared by measuring the cephalo-auricular and scapho-conchal angles. Measurements were performed in pre and 6-months post-operative periods using alginate molding. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to two groups (with and without cartilage preservation) with 10 participants each. Student's t-test, Covariance Analysis Model (ANCOVA), and non-parametric Mann-Whitney were used in the statistical analyses. Results A significant reduction in the average of the cephalo-auricular and scapho-conchal angles was observed in both surgical procedures (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between them (p = 0.887). Conclusion The two techniques analyzed in this study fulfilled their objectives. Therefore, further comparative studies are needed to confirm the superiority of one over the other. Level I Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial.

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OBJECTIVES: Prominent ear abnormalities affect 5% of the population. A prospective, double-blind study of patients who underwent otoplasty procedures to correct these abnormalities was conducted to compare two surgical techniques. They diverge by the preservation or not of conchal cartilage. METHODS: The two techniques were compared by measuring the cephalo-auricular and scapho-conchal angles. Measurements were performed in pre and 6-months post-operative periods using alginate molding. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to two groups (with and without cartilage preservation) with 10 participants each. Student's t-test, Covariance Analysis Model (ANCOVA), and non-parametric Mann-Whitney were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the average of the cephalo-auricular and scapho-conchal angles was observed in both surgical procedures (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between them (p=0.887). CONCLUSION: The two techniques analyzed in this study fulfilled their objectives. Therefore, further comparative studies are needed to confirm the superiority of one over the other. LEVEL I: Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial.

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Hereditary spastic paraplegias are an uncommon group of monogenic diseases that include 79 types of genetic disorders. The most frequent cause of recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia is a mutation in the spastic paraplegia gene type 11 followed by type 15. This group is usually associated with non-specific clinical features like cognitive decline and may precede the progressive weakness and spasticity of lower limbs. The magnetic resonance imaging hallmark of hereditary spastic paraplegia is thinning of the spinal cord. However, brain magnetic resonance imaging may provide relevant clues for specific hereditary spastic paraplegia subtypes, and thinning of the corpus callosum has been described as the most frequent abnormality in almost one-third of recessive hereditary spastic paraplegias. Moreover, a characteristic abnormality affecting the forceps minor of the corpus callosum has been recently reported as the "ears of the lynx" sign and is highly suggestive of type 11 and 15 hereditary spastic paraplegias. We report a patient who was diagnosed with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 11 by exome genetic testing, presenting the ears of the lynx sign in the first magnetic resonance imaging assessment.

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BACKGROUND: Factors affecting working equid welfare are wide-ranging and reflect cultural, economic and climatic conditions, the type of work equids are used for, and individual differences in the practices of their handlers. In Mexico working equids are widely used for facilitating agricultural activities, however, welfare issues are common. OBJECTIVES: To assess working equids across three communities in Mexico, identify predominant welfare problems and document how these problems vary across locations, associated working roles and species type. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: The study combined the administration of a wide-ranging questionnaire to equid handlers/owners and a welfare assessment of their animal. 120 equid owners were asked about their equid management practices, the working conditions and health status of their animal. The welfare of their equids (56 donkeys, 7 mules, 57 horses) was assessed by evaluating body condition, signs of illness or injury and behavioural indicators. RESULTS: Welfare varied by species, working role, sex and location. The poorest welfare was seen in one of the two arid regions (the third location having a tropical climate). Donkeys had poorer welfare than horses, and equids used for packing had poorer welfare than those used for riding and agroforestry. Overall poor body condition and wounds were the most common problems seen. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Work type, species type and location strongly co-varied, thus the impact of each factor could not be assessed in isolation. The sample size was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed significant regional variations in welfare, suggesting that environmental and/or cultural variations are producing a major effect on welfare.

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The expression of emotions in animals is a source of information not very explored by researches. It is necessary to know what emotions animals experience and how these emotions are expressed to the point that we can identify them. Within this approach, the use of techniques to measure bodychanges in animals according to the type of emotion experienced is one of the following paths. The ear and tailpositioning was described as body areas subject to changes caused by emotions in animals. However, the position of theears and tail may vary between species when it comes to the emotional state and therefore, it is not possible to establish a pattern. It is necessary to evaluate each species individuallyand the results cannot be transmitted from one species to another. In addition, animals demonstrate different facial expressions associated with pain. Changes in facial expression in animals may also be related to emotions.

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The expression of emotions in animals is a source of information not very explored by researches. It is necessary to know what emotions animals experience and how these emotions are expressed to the point that we can identify them. Within this approach, the use of techniques to measure bodychanges in animals according to the type of emotion experienced is one of the following paths. The ear and tailpositioning was described as body areas subject to changes caused by emotions in animals. However, the position of theears and tail may vary between species when it comes to the emotional state and therefore, it is not possible to establish a pattern. It is necessary to evaluate each species individuallyand the results cannot be transmitted from one species to another. In addition, animals demonstrate different facial expressions associated with pain. Changes in facial expression in animals may also be related to emotions.(AU)

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Abstract Introduction The ear deformity Tanzer type V, also known as prominent ears, is the most common genetic defect of the pinna. The surgery designed for its correction is known as otoplasty. This esthetic surgery can be performed using different techniques, which requires great skill of its operator. Objective The purpose of this work is the development of a new tool for otoplasty techniques training, aimed on the possibility to minimize errors during the otoplasty. Methods Synthetic molds of the external ear from patients with Tanzer type V deformity were made, using silicone material and rayon. Results The main procedures of otoplasty could be performed in the molds made of silicone and rayon with a good esthetic result. Conclusion The elaborated molds had identical size and shape of a human ear and could be positioned in the same shape of the patient ears. Thus, the synthetic molds were presented as promising simulation tools for the training and surgical enhancement of otoplasty, especially for doctors beginners.

Resumo Introdução A deformidade da orelha tipo V de Tanzer, também conhecida como orelhas proeminentes, é o defeito genético mais comum da aurícula. A cirurgia criada para sua correção é conhecida como otoplastia. Essa cirurgia estética pode ser feita com diferentes técnicas, o que requer grande habilidade de seu operador. Objetivo O objetivo desse trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma nova ferramenta para o treinamento de técnicas de otoplastia, com o objetivo de minimizar erros durante a otoplastia. Método Foram feitos moldes sintéticos da orelha externa de pacientes com deformidade tipo V de Tanzer com material de silicone e rayon. Resultados Os principais procedimentos de otoplastia foram feitos nos moldes de silicone e rayon com um bom resultado estético. Conclusão Os moldes elaborados tinham tamanho e forma idênticos aos de uma orelha humana e puderam ser posicionados no mesmo formato das orelhas dos pacientes. Assim, os moldes sintéticos foram apresentados como ferramentas de simulação promissoras para o treinamento e aperfeiçoamento cirúrgico da otoplastia, especialmente para médicos iniciantes.

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There have been several methods described for the correction of prominent ears, including techniques that excise, bend, suture, score, or cut the auricular cartilage. The Island Technique, proposed by Pitanguy, is based on the creation of a cartilage island to define the antihelix and correct the conchoscaphal angle. Visibility of sharp edges has been the main criticism of this technique. To avoid them, we advise performing an internal bevel incision to round off the edges and achieve a more natural look. Also, sometimes prominent ears are asymmetric with different conchoscaphal angles, determining a residual but protruding upper pole, thus requiring different treatment on each side. For such cases, we propose the additional excision of a cartilage strip from the lower border of the auricular scapha, with a greater conchoscaphal angle. In this way, cartilage islands of similar width and identical antihelixes for both ears are created and a symmetric result is achieved. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

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INTRODUCTION: The ear deformity Tanzer type V, also known as prominent ears, is the most common genetic defect of the pinna. The surgery designed for its correction is known as otoplasty. This esthetic surgery can be performed using different techniques, which requires great skill of its operator. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is the development of a new tool for otoplasty techniques training, aimed on the possibility to minimize errors during the otoplasty. METHODS: Synthetic molds of the external ear from patients with Tanzer type V deformity were made, using silicone material and rayon. RESULTS: The main procedures of otoplasty could be performed in the molds made of silicone and rayon with a good esthetic result. CONCLUSION: The elaborated molds had identical size and shape of a human ear and could be positioned in the same shape of the patient ears. Thus, the synthetic molds were presented as promising simulation tools for the training and surgical enhancement of otoplasty, especially for doctors beginners.

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Glandular trichomes are structures with widespread distribution and deep ecological significance. In the Solanum genus, type-IV glandular trichomes provide resistance to insect pests. The occurrence of these structures is, however, poorly described and controversial in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to screen a series of well-known commercial tomato cultivars, revealing the presence of type-IV trichomes on embryonic (cotyledons) and juvenile leaves. A tomato line overexpressing the microRNA miR156, known to promote heterochronic development, and mutants affecting KNOX and CLAVATA3 genes possessed type-IV trichomes in adult leaves. A re-analysis of the Woolly (Wo) mutant, previously described as enhancing glandular trichome density, showed that this effect only occurs at the juvenile phase of vegetative development. Our results suggest the existence of at least two levels of regulation of multicellular trichome formation in tomato: one enhancing different types of trichomes, such as that controlled by the WOOLLY gene, and another dependent on developmental stage, which is fundamental for type-IV trichome formation. Their combined manipulation could represent an avenue for biotechnological engineering of trichome development in plants.

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BACKGROUND: Protruding ears represent the main abnormality of the external ear, which has required numerous anatomic and surgical studies. Most studies give attention to the absence of the antihelix as the anatomic defect responsible for the clinical deformity of the lateral aspect of the ear that leads to its anteversion. The reason for this study is the controversial origin of the fold of the antihelix within the auricle framework, a field of interest for aesthetic otoplasty. The current study examined the medial surface of the cartilaginous ear frame from cadaver specimens with right morphology to investigate the starting point of the fold of the antihelix. This allowed for verification of a natural plica at the anatomic base of this antihelical fold, which to date has not had its topography described morphologically. It is acknowledged that relevant literature makes no reference to this innominate natural plica at the origin of the antihelix, whose anatomic and surgical importance is related in this report. This study aimed to show that the existence of a natural plica at the base of the antihelix in ear framing represents a landmark between normal and protruding ear morphology. METHODS: For 8 years, 118 ears were carefully investigated within rigid ethical principles based on a thorough review of the pertinent literature. The study investigated 16 selected cadaver specimens and 102 protruding ears dissected by the senior author including 49 bilateral cases (26 males and 23 females) and 4 unilateral cases (2 males and 2 females). Bifacial anthropometric measurements by calipers were used for documentation. RESULTS: A natural plica at the base of the antihelix was found in all cadaver ears selected with right morphology, whereas it was totally absent in every surgically treated protruding ear irrespective of color, gender, age, or ethnic origin. Ambilateral measures of the antihelix eminence certify the study object in normal specimens as well as its lack in abnormal ones. CONCLUSION: Technical and topographic knowledge that a natural plica exists at the anatomic base of the antihelix is a valuable key point in recognizing the normal external ear. In addition, the making of a natural plica is the first and most effective factor in the reconstruction of the antihelical fold and its absolute absence results in the pathologic condition for protruding ears. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the A3 online Instructions to Authors. http://www.springer.com/00266 .

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El síndrome de Münchausen por poder es una forma de maltrato infantil, con graves consecuencias para el niño afectado. El diagnóstico de esta afección constituye un desafío para los médicos por su heterogeneidad en los síntomas y signos de presentación. Variadas manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas están descritas en esta patología. En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de otitis media crónica con otorragia en un paciente de 2 años, donde se logró establecer el diagnóstico de síndrome de Münchausen por poder a través de la identificación de elementos incongruentes en la historia clínica y finalmente por la detección in fraganti de la agresión por parte de la madre. En esta revisión se concluye que es necesario un alto índice de sospecha para identificar esta patología, la que debe ser una preocupación habitual del equipo de salud para evitar asi consecuencias graves en estos pacientes, tales como secuelas psiquiátricas o incluso la muerte.

Münchausen's syndrome by proxy is a form of child abuse with severe consequences for the affected child. The diagnosis of this condition is a challenge for physicians due to the heterogeneity of the presentation symptoms. A lot of otorhinolaryngological manifestations have been described in this syndrome. We present a case of a 2 year old patient with chronic otitis media and otorrhagia, where we could establish the diagnosis of Münchausen's syndrome by proxy through the identifications of incongruent elements on the clinical history and finally the direct visualization of mother's aggression. In this should be a common concern for health workers to avoid severe consequences in these patients like psychiatric diseases or even death.

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BACKGROUND: The prominence of the ear lobule is considered an anomaly of secondary importance and receives correspondingly less attention in literature. We reviewed a case series of otoplasty patients and analyzed the prevalence of lobule prominence. METHODS: Records of otoplasties between 2007 and 2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: (1) primary otoplasties; (2) prominence of both ears; and (3) otoplasties conducted by the main author. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) A general group (GG) containing all the patients, and (2) a lobule correction group (LG)-a subgroup of GG containing only the patients who needed lobule correction. RESULTS: From a total of 291 patients, 120 patients were included in GG and 27 patients in LG. There was no statistical difference between groups GG and LG in terms of age and gender. Preoperative diagnosis of lobule prominence was correctly established in 14 patients; 13 patients were diagnosed during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Lobule prominence should not be underestimated since its diagnosis may be missed in the preoperative period-nearly 50 % in our case. Also its prevalence (22.5 %) is not as infrequent as some may think. Knowledge of lobule correction techniques before surgery is important to avoid less than optimal results in otoplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Introdução: Desde 1950, foram realizados inúmeros estudos dos corpos estranhos em orelhas e vias aéreas superiores. São casos frequentes no pronto socorro e que, se não abordados adequadamente, podem acarretar várias complicações como trauma e perfuração de membrana timpânica, hemorragias de conduto, perda auditiva e otites. Objetivo: Determinar a idade, sexo, complicações e tipo de corpos estranhos em meato acústico externo de 462 pacientes atendidos em um hospital terciário. Método: Estudo retrospectivo dos casos de corpos estranhos de orelha removidos pelo serviço de Otorrinolaringologia de um hospital terciário no período de 1º de janeiro de 1999 a 31 de julho de 2006. Resultados: Os corpos estranhos mais encontrados foram os insetos. A maior incidência de corpo estranho em orelha foi encontrada na faixa etária acima dos 16 anos e no sexo masculino. As complicações ocorreram principalmente na faixa etária abaixo dos 6 anos. Conclusão: A prevalência de corpo estranho em orelha nos adultos é elevada. As complicações ocorrem principalmente na faixa etária de 0 a 6 anos. Em nosso serviço, os insetos são os mais frequentes e os responsáveis pela maior parte das complicações.

Introduction: Since 1950, a numberless of studies of the foreign-bodies in ears and upper airways were executed. They are usual cases in the emergency rooms and, if they are not rightly addressed, they can bring about several complications as trauma and tympanic membrane perforation, auditory meatus hemorrhagia, hearing loss and otitis. Objective: Establish the age, sex, complications and foreign-bodies' type in external auditory meatus of 462 patients attended in a tertiary hospital. Method: A retrospective study of the cases of ear' foreign-bodies removed by the otorhinolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital in the period of January 1, 1999 to July 31, 2006. Results: The insects were the foreign-bodies more found. The major incidence of foreign-body in an ear was found in the age group above 16 years old and, in the male sex. The complications occurred mostly in the age group below 6 years old. Conclusion: The foreign-body' prevalence in an ear of the adults is high. The complications occur mostly in 0 to 6 years old age group. In our service, the insects are the most frequents and the responsible for the major part of the complications.

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Conduziu-se este trabalho com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de 32 híbridos experimentais e 4 híbridos comerciais para produção de milho verde em Lavras, MG. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições. Foram avaliadas sete características de interesse agronômico e comercial para a produção de milho verde. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, decompondo o efeito dos híbridos em híbridos comerciais, híbridos experimentais e híbridos comerciais versus híbridos experimentais. Foram feitos ainda estudos de correlação entre as diferentes características agronômicas dos híbridos. Entre os híbridos avaliados há híbridos experimentais promissores com desempenho superior a híbridos comerciais amplamente utilizados no Brasil. Considerando as características avaliadas, os híbridos AG 1051, AG 4051, GNS 03, GNS 21, GNS 23 e GNS 35 foram os mais promissores. É possível reduzir o número de características avaliadas em experimentos com milho verde, uma vez que existem associações entre as principais características avaliadas para essa finalidade. A produtividade de espigas empalhadas e despalhadas e a cor dos grãos são características imprescindíveis nessa avaliação.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of thirty-two experimental hybrids and four commercial hybrids of green maize at Lavras, MG. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with two replications. Seven characteristics of agronomic and commercial interest for the production of green maize had been evaluated. For each experiment, the data obtained were submitted to the analysis of variance decomposing the effect of the hybrids in commercial hybrids versus experimental hybrids. There were still made studies of correlation among the different characteristics. Among all of evaluated hybrids, there are experimental promising hybrids with performance superior to the commercial hybrids widely utilized in Brazil. Taking into account all the characteristics evaluated, hybrids AG 1051, AG 4051, GNS 03, GNS 21, GNS 23 and GNS 35 were the most promising. It is possible to reduce the number of characteristics evaluated as green maize, since there are high associations among the main characteristics evaluated for this purpose. The yield of strawed ears along and the color of the grains are indispensable characteristics in that evaluation.

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Grain, straw and cob percentage in ears of corn was studied in an experiment where 20 cultivars for silage production were under evaluation, in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. A randomized block design with 2 replications was used. The corn was sampled when plants were completely mature and dried. The results showed that grain percentage varied from 74.57 to 65.32% and differences (p 0,05) were detected between cultivars. Straw plus cob percentages varied from 25.42 to 34.67% and there were diferences (p 0.05) between cultivars for both straw and cob percentages. There were diferences (p 0.05) between cultivars for crude protein percentages of the ground ears, that varied from 7.87 to 11.09% according to the cultivars. Grain crude protein percentages varied from 9,14 to 13,51 % and diferences (p 0.05) were found between cultivars.

A porcentagem de grão, palha e sabugo da espiga de milho foi estudada em experimento que avaliou 20 cultivaresde milho para produção de silagem, em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 2 repetições por tratamento. A avaliação foi realizada quando as plantas já estavam totalmente secas, após amostragem do milho para produção de silagem. Os resultados mostraram que a porcentagem de grãos na espiga variou de 74,57 a 65,32%, havendo diferenças entre os cultivares. A porcentagem de palha + sabugo variou de 25,42 a 34,67%, ocorrendo diferença entre os cultivares, tanto para porcentagem de palha como de sabugo. A qualidade do rolão de milho depende do cultivar utilizado. As porcentagens de proteína bruta no rolão de milho e no grão desse cereal variaram de 7,87 a 11,09% e de 9,14 a 13,51%, na matéria seca, respectivamente. Houve, também, diferenças entre os cultivares para essas duas características.

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Grain, straw and cob percentage in ears of corn was studied in an experiment where 20 cultivars for silage production were under evaluation, in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. A randomized block design with 2 replications was used. The corn was sampled when plants were completely mature and dried. The results showed that grain percentage varied from 74.57 to 65.32% and differences (p 0,05) were detected between cultivars. Straw plus cob percentages varied from 25.42 to 34.67% and there were diferences (p 0.05) between cultivars for both straw and cob percentages. There were diferences (p 0.05) between cultivars for crude protein percentages of the ground ears, that varied from 7.87 to 11.09% according to the cultivars. Grain crude protein percentages varied from 9,14 to 13,51 % and diferences (p 0.05) were found between cultivars.

A porcentagem de grão, palha e sabugo da espiga de milho foi estudada em experimento que avaliou 20 cultivaresde milho para produção de silagem, em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 2 repetições por tratamento. A avaliação foi realizada quando as plantas já estavam totalmente secas, após amostragem do milho para produção de silagem. Os resultados mostraram que a porcentagem de grãos na espiga variou de 74,57 a 65,32%, havendo diferenças entre os cultivares. A porcentagem de palha + sabugo variou de 25,42 a 34,67%, ocorrendo diferença entre os cultivares, tanto para porcentagem de palha como de sabugo. A qualidade do rolão de milho depende do cultivar utilizado. As porcentagens de proteína bruta no rolão de milho e no grão desse cereal variaram de 7,87 a 11,09% e de 9,14 a 13,51%, na matéria seca, respectivamente. Houve, também, diferenças entre os cultivares para essas duas características.

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The measurements and weight characteristics of the excised auricular pieces at standardized ear cropping were observed in 24 Doberman Pincher dogs. Good aesthetical aspects were observed in different ages.

Os autores determinaram, em 24 cães da raça Doberman, as características métricas e ponderal dos retalhos auriculares excisados na operação de conchotomia realizada mediante manobras padronizadas. Não foram observadas diferenças evidentes ou estatisticamente significativas nas diferentes idades estudadas e os animais mostraram resultados estéticos favoráveis.

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A surgical technique to correct faulty ears by polyprolylene mesh implantation was studied in 8 dogs. Satisfactory results were obtained in 7 dogs which showed erectness and proper movements of the ears. No retraction or thickning at the surgical site were observed.

Foi estudada, em 8 animais da espécie canina, uma técnica operatória para correção de defeitos do pavilhão auricular, mediante  implantação de malha de polipropileno. Os resultados foram satisfatórios em 7 cães, que mostraram posição ereta e movimentação adequada das orelhas e ausência de retrações ou espessamento dos pavilhões auriculares.