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The tomato crop is very sensitive to stress conditions. A water deficit is defined as when precipitation is less than the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the crop in a given period, and in this scenario of climate change, it is identified as responsible for global productivity losses. The use of potential technologies for better irrigation management, such as electromagnetically treated water, remains controversial. Thus, the objective of the present work was to investigate the effects of very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance field treatment on water for tomato crops submitted to different irrigation rates. For this, an experiment was carried out under controlled conditions with different types of water: electromagnetically treated water (WTVLF) and untreated water (UNW), as well as four water replacement rates: 40, 60, 80, and 100% ETc. The electromagnetic treatment of the water was carried out using the commercial equipment AQUA4D®. The experiment was carried out in pots with five replications per treatment. Lower activity of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX enzymes was observed in plants irrigated with water treated with very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance fields (WTVLF), indicating less oxidative stress caused by water deficit. Water deficit reduced chlorophyll content, but the effects were less harmful with WTVLF water. The water deficit resulted in less accumulation of dry matter and less productivity in a linear relationship. However, plants irrigated with WTVLF showed increments of about 20% in dry matter accumulation and 20% in fruit production concerning plants irrigated with untreated water, independent of the irrigation rates. We can conclude that irrigation with WTVLF can be a solution to reduce the damage caused by water deficits and increase the productivity of tomato crops.

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Introducción: El objetivo de esta investigación fue confirmar la estructura interna de la Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS) y recoger evidencias de su relación con otros constructos en una muestra colombiana de 902 adultos que consintieron participar voluntariamente. Método: Se realizaron análisis psicométricos con Teoría Clásica de los Test y el modelo de Rasch. Se recolectaron evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y de la relación de las puntuaciones con otras variables. Resultados: Se obtuvieron buenos índices en los coeficientes alfa y omega de McDonald, nueve de los 10 ítems tuvieron buenos ajustes en los índices infit y outfit, y el ítem ocho presentó DIF en el nivel educativo. Se confirmó la estructura unidimensional de la EROS y fue invariante respecto al sexo y nivel educativo. Los puntajes tuvieron correlaciones de magnitud alta con sintomatología emocional y variables afines a la Activación Conductual. Conclusiones: La EROS presentó altas calidades psicométricas para su uso en población colombiana; sin embargo, se recomienda su uso solo para evaluación de tamizaje, porque los niveles de información están centrados en un área reducida a lo largo de la métrica logit.

Introduction: The aim of this research was to confirm the internal structure of the Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS) and to collect evidence of its relationship with other constructs in a Colombian sample of 902 adults who voluntarily consented to participate. Method: Psychometric analyses were performed using Classical Test Theory and the Rasch model. Evidence of validity based on internal structure and relations of scores with other variables was collected. Results: Good indexes were obtained in McDonald's Alpha and Omega coefficients, 9 of the 10 items had good adjustments in the Infit and Outfit indexes, and item 8 presented DIF in the educational level. The unidimensional structure of the EROS was confirmed and was invariant with respect to sex and educational level. Scores had high magnitude correlations with emotional symptomatology and variables related to Behavioral Activation. Conclusions: The EROS presented high psychometric qualities for its use in the Colombian population; however, its use is recommended only for screening assessment because the levels of information are centered in a reduced area along the Logit scaling.

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Aims: To evaluate the antifungal effect of dobutamine against Candida glabrata as well as its synergism with azoles and its action on biofilm. Methods: The M27-A3 protocol and flow cytometry were used for elucidation of the possible mechanism of action. Results: The tested isolates presented MICs ranging from 2 to 32 µg/ml for dobutamine, with fungistatic effect. A total of 82% of the strains showed synergism with fluconazole, with 90% showing synergism with itraconazole. The effect on biofilm formation was nonsignificant. Cytometry tests showed that dobutamine induced mitochondrial depolarization. Conclusion: Dobutamine has an antifungal effect on strains of C. glabrata and synergistic activity with azoles. This effect is probably mediated by increased oxidative damage to the membrane.

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Saline water has been used in irrigation due to the limited availability of fresh water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the use of this type of water can affect crop growth and development. Studies have tested the use of chemical conditioners to minimize the negative effects of salinity on plants. In this scenario, the present study examined the role of hydrogen peroxide in mitigating the negative effects of salt stress on zucchini plants grown in a hydroponic system. The study was carried out in a greenhouse in Pombal - PB, Brazil. The NFT (nutrient film technique) hydroponic system was employed. A randomized complete experimental design was set up with a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of four levels of electrical conductivity in the nutrient solution (ECns: 2.1 [control], 3.6, 5.1, and 6.6 dS m-1) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2: 0, 20, 40, and 60 µM), in three replicates. Foliar spraying with H2O2 at 60 and 40 µM associated with the nutrient solution of 2.1 dS m-1 increased stem diameter and root length, respectively, at 47 days after transplanting. However, at ECns higher than 2.1 dS m-1, the application of H2O2 at the concentrations of 60 and 40 µM intensified salt stress, reducing stem diameter and root length. Nutrient solution salinity levels above 2.1 dS m-1 reduce photosynthetic pigments; the number of leaves; leaf area; the length of the main branch; and the dry biomass of stems, leaves, and roots of zucchini plants. Chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents are the variables most sensitive to changes in salinity levels.(AU)

A água salina vem sendo utilizada na irrigação devido à disponibilidade limitada de água doce, principalmente em regiões áridas e semiáridas. No entanto, o uso deste tipo de água pode afetar o crescimento e desenvolvimento das culturas. Alguns estudos têm testado o uso de condicionadores químicos a fim de minimizar os efeitos negativos provocados pela salinidade nas plantas. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o papel do peróxido de hidrogênio como mitigador dos efeitos negativos do estresse salino em plantas de abobrinha italiana cultivadas em sistema hidropônico. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em Pombal ­ PB. O sistema de cultivo utilizado foi o hidropônico tipo NFT - Técnica de Fluxo Laminar de Nutriente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1 (controle); 3,6; 5,1 e 6,6 dS m-1), e quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio ­ H2O2 (0; 20; 40 e 60 µM), com 3 repetições. A pulverização foliar de H2O2 na concentração de 60 e 40 µM associada a solução nutritiva com condutividade elétrica de 2,1 dS m-1 promoveu aumento no diâmetro do caule e comprimento da raiz, respectivamente, aos 47 dias após o transplantio. Contudo, em soluções nutritivas com condutividade elétrica superior a 2,1 dS m-1 a aplicação de H2O2 em concentrações de 60 e 40 µM intensificou o efeito do estresse salino, reduzindo o diâmetro de caule e o comprimento das raízes, respectivamente. A salinidade da solução nutritiva acima de 2,1 dS m-1 reduziu os pigmentos fotossintéticos, o número de folhas, área foliar, o comprimento do ramo principal, fitomassa seca do caule, de folhas e de raiz da abobrinha italiana, sendo os teores de clorofila b e carotenoides as variáveis mais sensíveis.(AU)

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Partindo da crítica foucaultiana à hipótese repressiva de Freud, a qual pintava a dicotomia entre Eros e civilização como fundante da subjetividade, utilizaremos autores da teoria queer em favor de uma visão tecnoerótica do sujeito psicanalítico. Buscando entender as formas de ser e de amar em uma sociedade menos repressiva como a atual, articularemos a noção de narcisismo a visões de autores contemporâneos sobre amor, analisando os entrelaçamentos atuais entre Eros, ideal e imagem.

Beginning from Foucault's critique of Freud's repressive hypothesis, which painted the dichotomy between Eros and civilization as the foundation of subjectivity, we will use authors of queer theory in favor of a technoerotic view of the psychoanalytic subject. Seeking to understand the ways of being and loving in a less repressive society such as the current one, we will articulate the notion of narcissism to the views of contemporary authors on love, analyzing the current intertwining between Eros, ideal and image.

Partiendo de la crítica de Foucault a la hipótesis represiva de Freud, que pintó la dicotomía entre Eros y civilización como fundamento de la subjetividad, usaremos autores de la teoría queer a favor de una visión tecnoerótica del sujeto psicoanalítico. Buscando comprender las formas de ser y amar en una sociedad menos represiva como la actual, articularemos la noción de narcisismo a las visiones de autores contemporáneos sobre el amor, analizando el entrelazamiento actual entre Eros, ideal e imagen.

À partir de la critique de Foucault de l'hypothèse répressive de Freud, qui a peint la dichotomie entre Eros et civilisation comme fondement de la subjectivité, nous utiliserons des auteurs de théorie queer au profit d'une vision technoérotique du sujet psychanalytique. Cherchant à comprendre les manières d'être et d'aimer dans une société moins répressive comme celle actuelle, nous articulerons la notion de narcissisme aux points de vue des auteurs contemporains sur l'amour, en analysant l'entrelacement actuel entre Eros, idéal et image.

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Este artigo dedica- se à reflexão a respeito da passagem da adolescência para vida adulta que, em alguns casos, pode ser experimentada com muita dificuldade. O termo adultescência é um neologismo muito recente, usado para nomear o prolongamento da adolescência e a dificuldade na entrada na vida adulta. A reflexão sobre essa problemática conta com a discussão sobre as dinâmicas arquetípicas atuantes neste momento do desenvolvimento e com a consideração de aspectos da cultura contemporânea influentes e relevantes na vida dos jovens na atualidade. A articulação entre as forças dos arquétipos Grande Mãe, Pai, Alteridade, Herói, Puer-Senex e Eros se soma às influências dos aspectos da cultura contemporânea, formando uma trama complexa de interações que pode favorecer ou atravancar a entrada na vida adulta.

This article is oriented to the reflection on the transition from adolescence to adulthood, which in some cases can be experienced with great difficulty. The term adultecence is a very recent neologism, used to name the prolongation of adolescence and the difficulty in entering adult life. The reflection on this problem relies on the discussion of the archetypal dynamics at this time of development and on the consideration of aspects of contemporary culture that are influential and relevant in the lives of young people today. The articulation between the forces of the archetypes Great Mother, Father, Alterity, Hero, Puer-Senex and Eros, add to the influences of the aspects of contemporary culture, forming a complex plot of interactions, which can favor or hinder entry into adult life.

Este artículo está dedicado a la reflexión sobre la transición de la adolescencia a la edad adulta, que en algunos casos se puede experimentar con gran dificultad. El término adultescencia es un neologismo muy reciente, utilizado para nombrar la prolongación de la adolescencia y la dificultad para entrar en la vida adulta. La reflexión sobre este problema se basa en el debate sobre la dinámica arquetípica en este momento de desarrollo y la consideración de aspectos influyentes y relevantes de la cultura contemporánea en la vida de los jóvenes de hoy. La articulación entre las fuerzas de los arquetipos Gran Madre, Padre, Alteridad, Hero, Puer-Senex y Eros, se suman a las influencias de aspectos de la cultura contemporánea, formando una compleja red de interacciones, que pueden favorecer o dificultar la entrada a la vida adulta.

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La catarata comprende la opacidad del cristalino, la cual puede afectar la corteza y el núcleo subcapsular anterior y posterior de manera progresiva, secundario a la acumulación de proteínas dañadas a este nivel, con pérdida del equilibrio entre la producción y la eliminación de las especies reactivas libres de oxígeno. La importancia de retrasar o identificar marcadores específicos, además de promover un nuevo blanco terapéutico, también es motivo de análisis y de estudio en diferentes líneas de investigación. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura del 01 de enero al 20 de julio del año 2020. Se utilizaron metabuscadores en inglés y español de PUBMED, INFOMED, CLINICALKEY, LILACS, EBSCO, SCIELO, PRISMA y UPTODATE, con el objetivo de identificar la nueva evidencia científica relacionada con el estrés oxidativo y su participación en la formación de la catarata. La barrera del cristalino funciona como un medio de intercambio entre diferentes moléculas, lo que impide el paso de antioxidantes al núcleo y provoca su opacificación. Las mitocondrias a nivel de la corteza del cristalino permiten la remoción de oxígeno. Posteriormente la fosforilación oxidativa forma radicales libres de superóxido que, de manera natural, con el paso del tiempo se acumulan a este nivel. Con la edad, la homeostasis adaptativa pierde la capacidad de responder ante los cambios de estrés oxidativo, por lo que el uso de antioxidantes -de manera profiláctica e intencionada- puede cambiar el destino último para esta patología. La falta de equilibrio en los procesos de óxido-reducción es responsable de la formación de la catarata(AU)

Cataract comprises opacification of the crystalline lens, which may progressively affect the cortex and the anterior subcapsular nucleus, secondary to accumulation of damaged proteins on this level, with loss of balance between production and elimination of free reactive oxygen species. The importance of delaying or identifying specific markers, as well as promoting a new therapeutic target, is the object of study and analysis of a variety of research lines. A review was conducted of the literature published from 1 January to 20 July 2020. Use was made of PubMed, Infomed, Clinical Key, Lilacs, EBSCO, SciELO, Prisma and UpToDate metasearch engines in English and Spanish to identify new scientific evidence about oxidative stress and its involvement in cataract formation. The crystalline lens barrier serves as a medium for exchange between various molecules, preventing entrance of antioxidants into the nucleus, which results in opacification. Mitochondria on the crystalline lens cortex allow oxygen removal. Oxidative phosphorylation then forms free superoxide radicals which naturally accumulate on this level with the passing of time. With aging, adaptive homeostasis loses its ability to respond to oxidative stress changes, but the prophylactic, targeted use of antioxidants may change the ultimate fate of this condition. Lack of balance in oxidation-reduction processes is the cause of cataract formation(AU)

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Partindo da ideia hillmaniana de afinidade entre a alma e a morte, o presente trabalho faz um questionamento se a experiência vivida durante a pandemia de Covid-19 poderá ser uma oportunidade de um mundo mais anímico. Acreditando que a alma em uma sociedade competitiva se des-erotiza e fica refém do complexo de poder, a questão que se levanta é qual seria o caminho para esse resgate nesse momento de trauma coletivo. Para discorrer sobre isso, a autora amplifica o mito de Eros e Psique tentando, através de sua dinâmica, compreender como a narrativa nos orienta na busca de eros e, consequentemente, de resgate da alma. O Brasil é o cenário onde se desenvolve essa leitura e interpretação. ■

Springing from the Hillmanian idea of affinity between the soul and death, this essay questions whether the experience lived through during the Covid-19 pandemic might provide an opportunity for a more soulful world. Believing that the soul in a competitive society becomes de-eroticized and a hostage of the power complex, the question raised is what would be the way to salvage this at this time of collective trauma. In order to discourse on this question, the author relates the myth of Eros and Psyche in an attempt, through its dynamic, to understand how the myth guides us in the search for Eros and, consequently, rescuing the soul. Brazil is the scenario in which this observation and interpretation is being developed. ■

Partiendo de la idea hillmaniana de afinidad entre el alma y la muerte, el presente trabajo se pregunta si la experiencia vivida durante la pandemia de Covid-19 podría ser una oportunidad para un mundo más anímico. Creyendo que el alma en una sociedad competitiva está deserotizada y rehén del complejo de poder, la pregunta que surge es cuál sería el camino hacia este rescate en este momento de trauma colectivo. Para discutir esto, la autora amplía el mito de Eros y Psique, tratando a través de su dinámica de entender cómo la narrativa nos guía en la búsqueda del eros y, en consecuencia, del rescate del alma. Brasil es el escenario donde tiene lugar esta lectura e interpretación. ■

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Objectives: Physiological hormonal adaptions in athletes and pathological changes that occur in overtraining syndrome among athletes are unclear. The Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study evaluated 117 markers and unveiled novel hormonal and metabolic beneficial adaptive processes in athletes. The objective of the present study was to uncover which modifiable factors predict the behaviors of clinical and biochemical parameters and to understand their mechanisms and outcomes using the parameters evaluated in the EROS study. Methods: We used multivariate linear regression with 39 participants to analyze five independent variables-the modifiable parameters (caloric, carbohydrate, and protein intake, and sleep quality and duration of concurrent cognitive activity) on 37 dependent variables-that were elected among the parameters evaluated in the EROS study. Results: Carbohydrate intake predicted quick hormonal responses to stress and improved explosive responses during exercise. Protein intake predicted improved body composition and metabolism and caloric intake, regardless of the proportion of macronutrients, predicted muscle recovery, and alertness in the morning. Sleep quality predicted improved mood and excessive concurrent cognitive effort in athletes under intense training predicted impaired metabolism and libido. Conclusions: The results support the premise that eating, sleep, and social patterns modulate metabolic and hormonal function, clinical behaviors, and performance status of male athletes, and should be monitored continuously and actively to avoid dysfunctions.

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O artigo tem como meta pensar as feridas psíquicas e o narcisismo no campo da psicologia analítica e sua importância no processo de análise. O conceito de narcisismo e seu surgimento na psicanálise freudiana difere da forma como o tema é tratado por Jung. Observamos como sua ótica sensível e profunda nos auxilia a refletir sobre as feridas psíquicas. ■

The article aims to think about psychic wounds and narcissism in the field of analytical psychology and its importance in the analysis process. The concept of narcissism and its emergence in Freudian psychoanalysis differ from the way in which the theme is treated by Jung; we observe how its sensitive and deep perspective helps us to reflect on the psychic wounds. ■

El artículo tiene por objeto pensar en las heridas psíquicas y el narcisismo en el campo de la psicología analítica y su importancia en el proceso de análisis. El concepto de narcisismo y susurgimiento en el psicoanálisis freudiano difieren de la forma en que Jung trata el tema; observamos cómo su perspectiva sensible y profunda nos ayuda a reflexionar sobre las heridas psíquicas. ■

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O propósito de Eros é reunir indivíduos em uma grande unidade, diz Freud. Para tal, os homens devem estar interligados libidinalmente. Eros é pulsão de vida e divide o mundo com a pulsão de morte. Na tensão entre elas segue o homem com o objetivo de ser feliz. Nesta busca, aliviamos sofrimentos se deslocamos a libido e reorientamos objetivos pulsionais com recursos de sublimação. Como exemplo, Freud cita o prazer decorrente do trabalho psíquico e intelectual, como a alegria do artista em criar. A psicanálise se articula com a arte, na teoria e na prática. Este texto e as reflexões aqui desenvolvidas vão olhar a literatura como expressão artística em conexão com a psicanálise. Em A interpretação dos sonhos, Freud cita Virgílio na Eneida: "Se sou incapaz de mover os deuses acima, moverei o Aqueronte". Trata-se de um tributo ao poeta, uma ode de Freud à literatura ao inaugurar a psicanálise em 1900.

Eros's purpose is to bring individuals together into one large unit, says Freud. For this, men must be libidinally interconnected. Eros is the life drive and divides the world with the death drive. In the tension between them the man moves in order to be happy. In this quest, suffering is alleviated by moving the libido and reorienting drive goals with sublimation. As an example, Freud cites the pleasure of psychic and intellectual work as the artist's joy in creating. Psychoanalysis is articulated with art, in theory and practice. This text and the reflections developed here will look at literature as an artistic expression in connection with psychoanalysis. In The interpretation of dreams, Freud quotes Virgil in Aeneid: "If I am unable to move the gods above, I will move Acheron". It is a tribute to the poet, a Freud's ode to literature when he inaugurated psychoanalysis in 1900.

El propósito de Eros es reunir a las personas en una unidad grande, dice Freud. Para esto, los hombres deben estar interconectados libidinalmente. Eros es el impulso de la vida y divide el mundo con el impulso de la muerte. En la tensión entre ellos sigue el hombre para ser feliz. En esta búsqueda, aliviamos el sufrimiento al mover la libido y reorientar los objetivos de manejo con capacidades de sublimación. Como ejemplo, Freud cita el placer del trabajo psíquico e intelectual como la alegría del artista en la creación. El psicoanálisis se articula con el arte, en teoría y práctica. Este texto y las reflexiones desarrolladas aquí verán la literatura como una expresión artística en conexión con el psicoanálisis. En La interpretación de los sueños, Freud cita a Virgilio en Eneida: "Si no puedo mover a los dioses de arriba, moveré a Acheron". Es un homenaje al poeta, una oda de Freud a la literatura cuando inauguró el psicoanálisis en 1900.

Le but d'Eros est de rassembler des individus dans une grande unité, dit Freud. Pour cela, les hommes doivent être libidinalement interconnectés. Eros est la pulsion de vie et partage le monde avec la pulsion de mort. Dans la tension qui les sépare, l'homme veux être heureux. Dans cette quête, nous soulageons la souffrance en déplaçant la libido et en réorientant les objectifs avec des capacités de sublimation. Par example, le plaisir psychique et intellectuel comme la joie de créer de l'artiste, dit Freud. La psychanalyse s'articule avec l'art, en théorie et pratique. Ce texte et les réflexions développées ici verront la littérature comme une expression artistique liée à la psychanalyse. Dans L'interprétation des rêves, Freud cite Virgile dans Énéide: "Si je ne parviens pas à déplacer les dieux au-dessus, je déplacerai Achéron". C'est un hommage au poète, une ode de Freud à la littérature à l'inauguration de la psychanalyse en 1900.

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Objectives: The Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study identified multiple hormonal and metabolic conditioning processes in athletes, and underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of overtraining syndrome (OTS). The present study's objective was to reveal independent predictors and linear correlations among the parameters evaluated in the EROS study to predict clinical, metabolic, and biochemical behaviors in healthy and OTS-affected male athletes. Methods: We used multivariate linear regression and linear correlation to analyze possible combinations of the 38 parameters evaluated in the EROS study that revealed significant differences between healthy and OTS-affected athletes. Results: The testosterone-to-estradiol (T:E) ratio predicted the measured-to-predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratio; the T:E ratio and total testosterone level were inversely predicted by fat mass and estradiol was not predicted by any of the non-modifiable parameters. Early and late growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT) were strongly correlated. Hormonal responses to the ITT were positively correlated with fat oxidation, predicted-to-measured BMR ratio, muscle mass, and vigor, and inversely correlated with fat mass and fatigue. Salivary cortisol 30 min after awakening and the T:E ratio were inversely correlated with fatigue. Tension was inversely correlated with libido and directly correlated with body fat. The predicted-to-measured BMR ratio was correlated with muscle mass and body water, while fat oxidation was directly correlated with muscle mass and inversely correlated with fat mass. Muscle mass was directly correlated with body water, and extracellular water was directly correlated with body fat and inversely correlated with body water and muscle mass. Conclusions: Hypothalamic-pituitary responses to stimulation were diffuse and indistinguishable between the different axes. A late hormonal response to stimulation, increased cortisol after awakening, and the T:E ratio were correlated with vigor and fatigue. The T:E ratio was also correlated with body metabolism and composition, testosterone was predicted by fat mass, and estradiol predicted anger. Hydration status was inversely correlated with edema, and inter-correlations were found among fat oxidation, hydration, and body fat.

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As espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) são radicais livres derivadas do oxigênio. O fármaco Alopurinol (ALO) possui um efeito inibidor da enzima Xantina Oxidase, uma das vias da produção de EROs. Para combater esse ataque oxidativo no nosso organismo, existe uma defesa antioxidante enzimática, composta pelas enzimas Superóxido dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) e Glutationa Peroxidase (GPX). O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do alopurinol na defesa antioxidante no fígado de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 20 ratos machos divididos em dois grupos: Controle (C) e Alopurinol (ALO). A droga foi administrada para os animais do grupo ALO, enquanto que no grupo C houve uma administração de veículo (salina), ambos durante 3 dias. Os resultados apontaram uma redução significativa na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes no grupo ALO em comparação ao grupo C. A partir desses resultados sugeriu-se que o alopurinol foi eficiente na inibição de EROs.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals derived from oxygen. The drug Allopurinol (ALO) has an inhibitory effect of the enzyme Xanthine Oxidase, one of the routes of ROS production. To combat this oxidative attack in our body, there is an enzymatic antioxidant defense, composed by the enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of allopurinol on the antioxidant defense in the liver of Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups: Control (C) and Allopurinol (ALO). The drug was administered to the animals of the ALO group, while in group C there was a vehicle (saline) administration, both for 3 days. The results indicated a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the ALO group compared to the group C. From these results it was suggested that allopurinol was efficient in inhibiting ROS.

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Danos causados pelo processo de criopreservação, como o estresse oxidativo, levam a produção excessiva de EROS, podendo comprometer a fertilidade. Neste sentido, diversos antioxidantes vêm sendo adicionados aos diluentes de congelação de sêmen com o objetivo de minimizar os efeitos deletérios causados pelos radicais livres. Assim, esta revisão tem como objetivo debater os principais aspectos relacionados aos danos causados ao sêmen durante o processo de criopreservação, e o efeito do uso de antioxidantes sobre a viabilidade espermática de peixes.

Damage caused by the cryopreservation process, such as oxidative stress, leads to the overproduction of EROS, which can compromise fertility. In this sense, several antioxidants have been added to semen freezing diluents in order to minimize deleterious effects caused by free radicals. Thus, this review aims to discuss the main aspects related to the damage caused to semen during the cryopreservation process and the effect of the use of antioxidants on the sperm viability of fish.

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As espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) são radicais livres derivadas do oxigênio. O fármaco Alopurinol (ALO) possui um efeito inibidor da enzima Xantina Oxidase, uma das vias da produção de EROs. Para combater esse ataque oxidativo no nosso organismo, existe uma defesa antioxidante enzimática, composta pelas enzimas Superóxido dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) e Glutationa Peroxidase (GPX). O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do alopurinol na defesa antioxidante no fígado de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 20 ratos machos divididos em dois grupos: Controle (C) e Alopurinol (ALO). A droga foi administrada para os animais do grupo ALO, enquanto que no grupo C houve uma administração de veículo (salina), ambos durante 3 dias. Os resultados apontaram uma redução significativa na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes no grupo ALO em comparação ao grupo C. A partir desses resultados sugeriu-se que o alopurinol foi eficiente na inibição de EROs.(AU)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals derived from oxygen. The drug Allopurinol (ALO) has an inhibitory effect of the enzyme Xanthine Oxidase, one of the routes of ROS production. To combat this oxidative attack in our body, there is an enzymatic antioxidant defense, composed by the enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of allopurinol on the antioxidant defense in the liver of Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups: Control (C) and Allopurinol (ALO). The drug was administered to the animals of the ALO group, while in group C there was a vehicle (saline) administration, both for 3 days. The results indicated a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the ALO group compared to the group C. From these results it was suggested that allopurinol was efficient in inhibiting ROS.(AU)

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Danos causados pelo processo de criopreservação, como o estresse oxidativo, levam a produção excessiva de EROS, podendo comprometer a fertilidade. Neste sentido, diversos antioxidantes vêm sendo adicionados aos diluentes de congelação de sêmen com o objetivo de minimizar os efeitos deletérios causados pelos radicais livres. Assim, esta revisão tem como objetivo debater os principais aspectos relacionados aos danos causados ao sêmen durante o processo de criopreservação, e o efeito do uso de antioxidantes sobre a viabilidade espermática de peixes.(AU)

Damage caused by the cryopreservation process, such as oxidative stress, leads to the overproduction of EROS, which can compromise fertility. In this sense, several antioxidants have been added to semen freezing diluents in order to minimize deleterious effects caused by free radicals. Thus, this review aims to discuss the main aspects related to the damage caused to semen during the cryopreservation process and the effect of the use of antioxidants on the sperm viability of fish.(AU)

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"Eros" é uma das palavras utilizadas pelos gregos para definir o amor, de modo que abordá-la pode ser um caminho para trabalhar a temática amorosa. Isto se confirma ao adentrarmos o campo psicanalítico para pautarmos nossa investigação, pois neste se apresentam importantes referências e alusões a este termo. Por isso, este artigo objetiva apontar algumas articulações entre o amor e o conceito de Eros em meio às reflexões psicanalíticas, o que se justifica pelo paradoxal movimento em que ora Eros parece abarcar o amor, e, ora o amor parece caminhar entre as dimensões pulsionais Eros e Tânatos. Com este objetivo, empregaremos uma revisão bibliográfica de obras da psicanálise e algumas articulações destas à obra O Banquete de Platão. Veremos, então, que a pluralidade semântica, as relações entre amor e falta e a complexidade dos processos afetivos ligados à esfera erótica nos levam a estabelecer certo contraste entre as tradições mítico -filosóficas clássicas e o discurso psicanalítico, pois, se naquelas o direcionamento ao "Bem supremo" e a Unicidade se fazem horizonte e alvo, naquele vemos como que o Um que tensiona o amor não poderia existir se não fosse a falta, mãe de Eros e condição de existência do amor

"Eros" est l'un des mots utilisés par les Grecs pour définir l'amour, donc l'approcher peut être une façon de travailler sur le thème de l'amour. Ceci est confirmé en entrant dans le champ psychanalytique pour guider notre enquête, car il présente d'importantes références et allusions à ce terme. Cet article vise donc à mettre en évidence certaines articulations entre l'amour et le concept d'Eros au milieu de réflexions psychanalytiques, ce que justifie le mouvement paradoxal dans lequel parfois Eros semble embrasser l'amour, et parfois l'amour semble marcher entre des dimensions. Pulsions Eros et Thanatos. À cette fin, nous utiliserons une révision bibliographique d'œuvres de psychanalyse et quelques articulations de celles-ci avec l'œuvre Le Banquet Platon. Nous verrons donc que la pluralité sémantique, les relations entre amour et manque et la complexité des processus affectifs liés à la sphère érotique nous amènent à établir un certain contraste entre les traditions mytho-philosophiques classiques et le discours psychanalytique, puis que Le «Bien suprême¼ et l'Unité deviennent horizon et cible, en ce sens que Celui qui raffermit l'amour ne peut exister s'il n'est pas dépourvu de manque, mère d'Eros et condition d'existence de l'amour

"Eros" is one of the words used by the Greeks to define love, so approaching it can be a way of working on the love theme. This is confirmed by entering thepsychoanalytic field to guide our investigation, as it presents important references and allusions to this term. Therefore, this article aims to point out some articulations between love and the concept of Eros in the midst of psychoanalytic reflections, which is justified by the paradoxical movement in which sometimes Eros seems to embrace love, and sometimes love seems to walk between dimensions. Eros and Thanatos pulses. For this purpose, we will use a bibliographical revision of works of psychoanalysis and some articulations of these to the work The Plato Banquet. We will see, then, that semantic plurality, the relations between love and lack and the complexity of affective processes linked to the erotic sphere lead us to draw a certain contrast between the classic mythical-philosophical traditions and psychoanalytic discourse, since if in them the direction towards "Supreme Good" and Oneness become horizon and target, in that we see that the One who tenses love cannot exist if it were not lack, mother of Eros and condition of existence of love

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Dyslipidemia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and hence with high morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the effects of the nitroxide 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (Tempol) on lipid profile and cardiac morphology in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene knockout (LDLr-/-) mice. METHODS: Male LDLr-/- mice (three months old, approximately 22 g weight) were divided into the following groups: controls, including (1) standard chow (SC, n=8) and (2) high-fat diet (HFD, n=8); and treatment, including (3) standard chow + Tempol (SC+T, n=8) (30 mg/kg administered by gavage, once daily) and (4) high-fat diet + Tempol (HFD+T, n=8) (30 mg/kg). After 30 days of the diet/treatment, whole blood was collected for analysis of biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], LDL, and very low-density lipoprotein [VLDL]). The heart was removed through thoracotomy and histological analysis of the left ventricle was performed. RESULTS: A significant increase in TG, LDL, and VLDL and marked left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were demonstrated in the HFD group relative to the SC group (p<0.05), while Tempol treatment (HFD+T group) significantly (p<0.05) prevented increases in the levels of these lipid profile markers and attenuated LVH compared with the HFD group. CONCLUSION: In this study, Tempol showed potential for the prevention of events related to serious diseases of the cardiovascular system.

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Como poderá ser visto no decorrer deste texto, será realizado um breve percurso pela temática do silêncio, visando equacionar alguns postulados teóricos e clínicos, centrados na dualidade pulsional - morte e vida -, de modo a possibilitar uma escuta metapsicológica para ele. Nesse processo, busco desfazer a ideia de que o silêncio é decorrente, exclusivamente, da pulsão de morte, o que julgo um equívoco. Para realizar tal meta, estabeleço a diferença entre pulsão de morte e pulsão de destruição - resgatando sua vinculação com a discórdia - e proponho que a ruptura do silêncio se dá no embate pulsional. Nesse sentido, advogo que o silêncio mais absoluto está no que poderíamos chamar de fusão incompleta - pulsão de destruição precariamente ligada pela libido - e/ou na fusão completa - pulsão de destruição excessivamente ligada pela libido. Portanto, o silêncio é decorrente da ausência de diferenças significativas entre as forças pulsionais, o que implica a morte do desejo e/ou a não construção deste. Essa ausência contribui com a homeostasia psíquica: baixo grau de entropia psíquica.

As one may see in the course of this paper, the author explores briefly the theme of silence in order to solve some theoretical and clinical postulates about instinctual duality - that is, life and death. His purpose is to enable a metapsychological listening at this silence. In this process, the author proposes to discard the idea that silence is exclusively a result of death drive - which, according to the author, is a misconceived idea. In order to fulfill this purpose, the author establishes a difference between death drive and destructive drive, and he also restores the relation between those drives and disagreement (or discord). Therefore, the author continues, silence is broken in the instinctual clash. In this sense, the author advocates that the most absolute silence lies in which one might call the incomplete fusion, which means the destructive drive that is precariously connected to libido, and/or the complete fusion, which means the destructive drive that is, in the other hand, excessively linked to libido. Thus, silence is a result of the lack of expressive differences between the instinctual forces. This lack implies the death and/or the no construction of desire. This lack also contributes to the psychic homeostasis (a low level of psychic entropy).

En este texto se hace un breve recorrido por la temática del silencio, objetivando formular algunos postulados teóricos y clínicos, centrados en la dualidad pulsional (muerte y vida), que permita una escucha metapsicológica para este. En este proceso se busca deshacer lo que juzgo una equivocación, la idea de que el silencio es derivación, exclusivamente, de la pulsión de muerte. Para alcanzar tal meta se hace distinción entre pulsión de muerte y pulsión de destrucción - rescatando su vinculación con la discordia - y se propone que la ruptura del silencio se da en el embate pulsional. En ese sentido, defiendo que el silencio más absoluto está en lo que podríamos llamar fusión incompleta - pulsión de destrucción precariamente ligada por la libido - y/o la fusión completa - pulsión de destrucción excesivamente ligada por la libido. Por lo tanto, el silencio es resultado de la ausencia de diferencias significativas entre las fuerzas pulsionales, lo que implica en la muerte del deseo y/o en la no construcción de este. Esa ausencia contribuye con la homeostasia psíquica: bajo grado de entropía psíquica.

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O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o conceito de ajuda no espaço clínico a partir do mito de Eros e Psiquê, chamando atenção à piedade ilícita e à necessidade de dizer não no processo individual de ampliação do conhecimento de si.

This article presents some thoughts on the concept of help in a clinical setting by reflecting in the myth of Eros and Psyche. It focuses on the notion of illicit pity and the necessity of saying no during the individual process of a greater self-discovery.

En este artículo se propone una reflexión sobre el concepto de ayuda en el espacio clínico del mito de Eros y Psique, llamando la atención a la piedad ilícita y la necesidad de decir no en el proceso individual de ampliar el conocimiento de sí mismo.

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