RESUMO
Waste-tire textile fibers (WTTF) represent a challenge for the recycling industry since there are currently very few alternatives for their use. In this study, an evaluation of the effect of a new additive developed in two granular formats from WTTF on the fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures was performed. For the first format of the WTTF-based additive, its effect was evaluated on hot-mix asphalt (HMA), while for the second format of the additive, the effects were evaluated on stone mastic asphalt (SMA). This second format represents an alternative that allows for the total replacement of the cellulose stabilizing additive used in the reference mix. The evaluation of fatigue damage in the mixes was performed using the four-point bending beam (4PB) test specified in European standard EN 12697-24. The test results show that the asphalt mixtures manufactured with WTTF-based additives exhibited a higher capacity to resist load cycles before failure compared to the reference mixtures. Likewise, once the asphalt mixtures were evaluated in a pavement structure by means of an empirical mechanistic analysis, the pavement structures composed of asphalt mixtures with WTTF-based additives showed significant improvements in their durability for the different load axes evaluated. For an average thickness of 15 cm of asphalt mix of a pavement-type structure, the use of the WTTF additive increases the durability of the structures by up to 129% and 112% compared to the HMA and SMA reference mixtures, respectively. These results show that both formats of the WTTF-based admixture improve the fatigue damage resistance of the HMA and SMA asphalt mixtures.
RESUMO
A molecular pathway involving compounds found in processed foods and biogenic amines increases food intake and aging in the roundworm C. elegans.
Assuntos
Caenorhabditis elegans , Nematoides , Animais , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Aminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , HiperfagiaRESUMO
Stone Mastic Asphalts (SMA) are asphalt mixes with discontinuous granulometry and a high content of asphalt binder. In order to prevent draindown of the asphalt binder and ensure good performance, these mixes must be strengthened with cellulose or mineral fibres and/or polymer additives. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a granular additive based on waste tyre textile fibres (WTTF), developed as a replacement for cellulose commercial additives in SMA mixes. Use of the WTTF-based additive will encourage the development of sustainable mixes by recycling a by-product of end-of-life tyres (ELT), which currently constitute a major environmental problem around the world. To this end, in the present experimental study we evaluated the replacement of cellulose-based commercial fibre with different percentages of WTTF-based additive (0%, 50%, 75%, 100%) in an SMA asphalt mix. The following design and performance properties were evaluated: resistance to cracking, stiffness modulus, sensitivity to moisture, and resistance to permanent deformation. The results indicated that replacing 100% of the cellulose commercial additive in the SMA mix by the WTTF-based additive allowed the mix to meet its design properties and showed good performance in the mechanical properties evaluated, with behaviour similar to that of the reference SMA mix.
RESUMO
End-of-life tires (ELT) are a worldwide problem. Rubber, steel, and different textile fibers are the by-products of ELT. Unlike rubber and steel, waste tire textile fibers (WTTF) are disposed of in landfills or burned. This study developed an additive made with WTTF to be incorporated into conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA), and its performance properties were evaluated. First, a characterization of the WTTF used was made and a manufacture protocol was established. Then, a reference HMA was designed and mixtures with different addition percentages (2%, 5% and 8%) of the WTTF-based additive were evaluated. The mechanical properties studied were stiffness modulus, moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, stripping, and cracking resistance. The results indicated that the addition of the 2% and 5% WTTF-based additive improved these performance properties. Moreover, all addition percentages of the WTTF-based additive evaluated demonstrated a decrease of over 29% in permanent deformation according to the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test. Thus, the use of the WTTF would not only be valuing a waste, but an asphalt mixture with improved properties would be obtained, contributing to the circular economy by reusing a material and prolonging the useful life of the asphalt mixture.
RESUMO
Abstract The isolation of Escherichia coli from food is a major concern. Pathogenic strains of these bacteria cause diseases which range from diarrhea to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Therefore the virulence genes in E. coli isolates from the mussel ( Mytella guyanensis) commercialized in Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil were investigated. Samples were purchased from four vendors: two from supermarkets and two from fair outlets. They were conditioned into isothermal boxes with reusable ice and transported to the laboratory for analysis. E. coli strains were isolated in eosin methylene blue agar, preserved in brain-heart infusion medium with 15% glycerol and stored at -20 °C, after microbiological analysis. Virulence genes in the isolated strains were identified by specific primers, with Polymerase Chain Reaction. Twenty-four isolates were obtained, with a prevalence of elt gene, typical from enterotoxigenic infection, in 75% of the isolates. The stx and bfpA genes, prevalent in enterohemorragic and enteropathogenic E. coli, respectively, were not detected. The occurrence of elt virulence-related gene in the E. coli isolates of Mytella guyanensis reveals urgent improvement in food processing, including good handling practices, adequate storage and cooking before consumption, to ensure consumer's health.
Resumo O isolamento de Escherichia coli a partir de alimentos é uma grande preocupação, pois cepas patogênicas desta bactéria podem causar desde diarreia até síndrome hemolítico-urêmica. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi pesquisar genes de virulência em isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes do sururu Mytella guyanensis comercializado na cidade de Cachoeira, Bahia, Brasil. As amostras foram adquiridas de quatro comerciantes, sendo duas de mercados e duas em pontos de venda na feira livre da cidade de Cachoeira, acondicionadas em caixas isotérmicas com gelo reutilizável e transportadas até o laboratório para a análise. Após a análise microbiológica, as cepas de Escherichia coli foram isoladas em ágar Eosina Azul de Metileno e preservadas em caldo Brian Heart Infusion e glicerol a 15% e mantidas a - 20° C. A identificação dos genes de virulência nas cepas isoladas foi realizada utilizando primers específicos, por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. Foram obtidos 24 isolados de Escherichia coli, destes a prevalência do gene elt , característico de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica, foi de 75% dos isolados. Não houve a detecção dos genes stx e bfpA nos isolados, os quais são prevalentes nas cepas de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica e Escherichia coli enteropatogênica, respectivamente. A presença do gene elt relacionado à virulência de Escherichia coli nos isolados de Mytella guyanensis revela a necessidade da melhoria no processamento, incluindo boas práticas de manipulação, armazenamento adequado e cocção previa ao consumo, visando a garantia da saúde do consumidor.
Assuntos
Animais , Alimentos Marinhos/microbiologia , Fatores de Virulência , Escherichia coli/genética , Mytilidae/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Genes Bacterianos , BrasilRESUMO
The isolation of Escherichia coli from food is a major concern. Pathogenic strains of these bacteria cause diseases which range from diarrhea to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Therefore the virulence genes in E. coli isolates from the mussel ( Mytella guyanensis) commercialized in Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil were investigated. Samples were purchased from four vendors: two from supermarkets and two from fair outlets. They were conditioned into isothermal boxes with reusable ice and transported to the laboratory for analysis. E. coli strains were isolated in eosin methylene blue agar, preserved in brain-heart infusion medium with 15% glycerol and stored at -20 °C, after microbiological analysis. Virulence genes in the isolated strains were identified by specific primers, with Polymerase Chain Reaction. Twenty-four isolates were obtained, with a prevalence of elt gene, typical from enterotoxigenic infection, in 75% of the isolates. The stx and bfpA genes, prevalent in enterohemorragic and enteropathogenic E. coli, respectively, were not detected. The occurrence of elt virulence-related gene in the E. coli isolates of Mytella guyanensis reveals urgent improvement in food processing, including good handling practices, adequate storage and cooking before consumption, to ensure consumers health.(AU)
O isolamento de Escherichia coli a partir de alimentos é uma grande preocupação, pois cepas patogênicas desta bactéria podem causar desde diarreia até síndrome hemolítico-urêmica. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi pesquisar genes de virulência em isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes do sururu Mytella guyanensis comercializado na cidade de Cachoeira, Bahia, Brasil. As amostras foram adquiridas de quatro comerciantes, sendo duas de mercados e duas em pontos de venda na feira livre da cidade de Cachoeira, acondicionadas em caixas isotérmicas com gelo reutilizável e transportadas até o laboratório para a análise. Após a análise microbiológica, as cepas de Escherichia coli foram isoladas em ágar Eosina Azul de Metileno e preservadas em caldo Brian Heart Infusion e glicerol a 15% e mantidas a - 20° C. A identificação dos genes de virulência nas cepas isoladas foi realizada utilizando primers específicos, por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. Foram obtidos 24 isolados de Escherichia coli, destes a prevalência do gene elt , característico de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica, foi de 75% dos isolados. Não houve a detecção dos genes stx e bfpA nos isolados, os quais são prevalentes nas cepas de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica e Escherichia coli enteropatogênica, respectivamente. A presença do gene elt relacionado à virulência de Escherichia coli nos isolados de Mytella guyanensis revela a necessidade da melhoria no processamento, incluindo boas práticas de manipulação, armazenamento adequado e cocção previa ao consumo, visando a garantia da saúde do consumidor.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Moluscos/genética , Moluscos/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Abstract The isolation of Escherichia coli from food is a major concern. Pathogenic strains of these bacteria cause diseases which range from diarrhea to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Therefore the virulence genes in E. coli isolates from the mussel ( Mytella guyanensis) commercialized in Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil were investigated. Samples were purchased from four vendors: two from supermarkets and two from fair outlets. They were conditioned into isothermal boxes with reusable ice and transported to the laboratory for analysis. E. coli strains were isolated in eosin methylene blue agar, preserved in brain-heart infusion medium with 15% glycerol and stored at -20 °C, after microbiological analysis. Virulence genes in the isolated strains were identified by specific primers, with Polymerase Chain Reaction. Twenty-four isolates were obtained, with a prevalence of elt gene, typical from enterotoxigenic infection, in 75% of the isolates. The stx and bfpA genes, prevalent in enterohemorragic and enteropathogenic E. coli, respectively, were not detected. The occurrence of elt virulence-related gene in the E. coli isolates of Mytella guyanensis reveals urgent improvement in food processing, including good handling practices, adequate storage and cooking before consumption, to ensure consumers health.
Resumo O isolamento de Escherichia coli a partir de alimentos é uma grande preocupação, pois cepas patogênicas desta bactéria podem causar desde diarreia até síndrome hemolítico-urêmica. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi pesquisar genes de virulência em isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes do sururu Mytella guyanensis comercializado na cidade de Cachoeira, Bahia, Brasil. As amostras foram adquiridas de quatro comerciantes, sendo duas de mercados e duas em pontos de venda na feira livre da cidade de Cachoeira, acondicionadas em caixas isotérmicas com gelo reutilizável e transportadas até o laboratório para a análise. Após a análise microbiológica, as cepas de Escherichia coli foram isoladas em ágar Eosina Azul de Metileno e preservadas em caldo Brian Heart Infusion e glicerol a 15% e mantidas a - 20° C. A identificação dos genes de virulência nas cepas isoladas foi realizada utilizando primers específicos, por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. Foram obtidos 24 isolados de Escherichia coli, destes a prevalência do gene elt , característico de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica, foi de 75% dos isolados. Não houve a detecção dos genes stx e bfpA nos isolados, os quais são prevalentes nas cepas de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica e Escherichia coli enteropatogênica, respectivamente. A presença do gene elt relacionado à virulência de Escherichia coli nos isolados de Mytella guyanensis revela a necessidade da melhoria no processamento, incluindo boas práticas de manipulação, armazenamento adequado e cocção previa ao consumo, visando a garantia da saúde do consumidor.
RESUMO
Abstract The isolation of Escherichia coli from food is a major concern. Pathogenic strains of these bacteria cause diseases which range from diarrhea to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Therefore the virulence genes in E. coli isolates from the mussel ( Mytella guyanensis) commercialized in Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil were investigated. Samples were purchased from four vendors: two from supermarkets and two from fair outlets. They were conditioned into isothermal boxes with reusable ice and transported to the laboratory for analysis. E. coli strains were isolated in eosin methylene blue agar, preserved in brain-heart infusion medium with 15% glycerol and stored at -20 °C, after microbiological analysis. Virulence genes in the isolated strains were identified by specific primers, with Polymerase Chain Reaction. Twenty-four isolates were obtained, with a prevalence of elt gene, typical from enterotoxigenic infection, in 75% of the isolates. The stx and bfpA genes, prevalent in enterohemorragic and enteropathogenic E. coli, respectively, were not detected. The occurrence of elt virulence-related gene in the E. coli isolates of Mytella guyanensis reveals urgent improvement in food processing, including good handling practices, adequate storage and cooking before consumption, to ensure consumers health.
Resumo O isolamento de Escherichia coli a partir de alimentos é uma grande preocupação, pois cepas patogênicas desta bactéria podem causar desde diarreia até síndrome hemolítico-urêmica. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi pesquisar genes de virulência em isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes do sururu Mytella guyanensis comercializado na cidade de Cachoeira, Bahia, Brasil. As amostras foram adquiridas de quatro comerciantes, sendo duas de mercados e duas em pontos de venda na feira livre da cidade de Cachoeira, acondicionadas em caixas isotérmicas com gelo reutilizável e transportadas até o laboratório para a análise. Após a análise microbiológica, as cepas de Escherichia coli foram isoladas em ágar Eosina Azul de Metileno e preservadas em caldo Brian Heart Infusion e glicerol a 15% e mantidas a - 20° C. A identificação dos genes de virulência nas cepas isoladas foi realizada utilizando primers específicos, por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. Foram obtidos 24 isolados de Escherichia coli, destes a prevalência do gene elt , característico de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica, foi de 75% dos isolados. Não houve a detecção dos genes stx e bfpA nos isolados, os quais são prevalentes nas cepas de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica e Escherichia coli enteropatogênica, respectivamente. A presença do gene elt relacionado à virulência de Escherichia coli nos isolados de Mytella guyanensis revela a necessidade da melhoria no processamento, incluindo boas práticas de manipulação, armazenamento adequado e cocção previa ao consumo, visando a garantia da saúde do consumidor.
RESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar la contribución de la volumetría mediante resonancia magnética (RM) y el electroencefalograma(EEG) interictal en la evaluación pre y posquirúrgica de pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal medial (ELTM) farmacorresistente sometidos a cirugía. Pacientes y métodos. Se evaluaron 12 estudios volumétricos por RM y 24 registros de EEG digital correspondientes a seis pacientes con crisis parciales complejas refractarias a tratamiento médico de origen temporal.Se realizó el análisis volumétrico por RM, para el estudio de la zona epileptogénica, y se calculó la frecuencia de aparición de descargas epileptiformes interictales (DEI/minuto) antes, a los seis meses y al año de la cirugía, y se correlacionó el análisis volumétrico con la zona irritativa y epileptogénica. Resultados. Los volúmenes de los hipocampos tanto ipsi como contralaterales están disminuidos de tamaño en comparación con el aumento de la frecuencia DEI en las zonas mesiales. Loslóbulos temporales inferiores y la corteza parahipocámpica se encontraron disminuidos de volumen ipsilaterales a la zona epileptogénica. La frecuencia de DEI disminuye a los seis meses de realizada la lobectomía temporal respecto a las DEI prequirúrgica.Se encontró correlación negativa entre el volumen resecado de la corteza parahipocámpica y el lóbulo temporalinferior con la frecuencia DEI posquirúrgica al año. Conclusiones. En pacientes con ELTM farmacorresistente se encuentran disminuidos los volúmenes de otras estructuras del lóbulo temporal medial, además del hipocampo, y se constata un menorvolumen de éstas, en el lado ipsilateral a la zona epileptogénica. El volumen de hipocampo resecado se relaciona con la frecuencia de DEI posquirúrgica de los pacientes con ELTM sometidos a lobectomía temporal exitosa. El análisis volumétrico mediante RM de la lesión epileptogénica aporta información localizadora de utilidad en la evaluación prequirúrgica de pacientes........(AU)
Aim. To assess the value of volumetric measurement by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and interictalelectroencephalogram (EEG) in pre- and post-operative assessment of patients with medication-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) who were submitted to surgery. Patients and methods. We evaluated 12 volumetric studies carried out using MRI and 24 digital EEG records for six patients suffering from complex partial seizures that were resistant to medicaltreatment and had their origin in the temporal lobe. A volumetric analysis was performed using MRI to study the epileptogenic region and the frequencies at which interictal epileptiform discharges (IED/minute) appeared before, at six months and at oneyear after surgery were calculated; a correlation was observed between the volumetric analysis and the irritative andepileptogenic region. Results. The volumes of both the ipso and contralateral hippocampuses were smaller in comparison to the increased frequency of the IED in the mesial regions. The inferior temporal lobes and the parahippocampal cortex havereduced volumes ipsolateral to the epileptogenic region. At six months after performing the temporal lobectomy, the IED frequency decreased with respect to the pre-operative IED. A negative correlation was found between the resected volume of the parahippocampal cortex and the inferior temporal lobe, and the post-operative IED frequency at one year. Conclusions. In patients with medication resistant MTLE the volumes of other structures in the medial temporal lobe are diminished, inaddition to the hippocampus, and they are seen to have a smaller volume on the side that is ipsolateral to the epileptogenic region. There is a relation between the volume of the resected hippocampus and the post-operative IED frequency in patients with MTLE who successfully underwent a temporal lobectomy. Volumetric analysis of the epileptogenic lesion using MRIprovides localising information.......(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resistência a Medicamentos , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) and verify the domains of greater impact in patients with focal and generalized epilepsies. METHODS: The sample, composed by 57 subjects from Hospital São Paulo da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, was divided into 3 groups, temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE), extra-temporal epilepsies (Extra-TLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). They answered a preliminary self-reported questionnaire to identify the perception of the most impaired aspects in their lives. The QOL was evaluated through the validated Brazilian version of the Quality of Life Epilepsy Inventory 31 (QOLIE-31). The correlation of the QOLIE-31 domains with epilepsy duration and seizure frequency was defined by dispersion graphics and also Pearsons and Spearmans correlation. RESULTS: The most frequently identified impact of epilepsy was related to interpersonal, familial and social relationships mentioned by 13 (22.81 percent) patients. The seizure frequency per patient in Extra-TLE group was significantly greater (p = 0.007) than in the other groups. The Cognition Functioning scores were lower for the Extra-TLE group (38.4) when compared with TLE (52.6) and IGE (62.6) (p = 0.01). The correlation between epilepsy duration and QOLIE-31 domains did not demonstrate statistical significance; however, seizure frequency was correlated with Seizures Worry (p = 0.0463, alpha = 0.05) and Medication Effects (p = 0.0476, alpha = 0.05) domains. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Interpersonal, familial, and social relationships were the dimension which most impacted daily life; 2) Cognition domain in Extra-TLE group showed the worst scores; 3) QOL scores were similar in the three groups for the majority of the QOLIE-31 domains; 4) The seizure frequency in the Extra-TLE group was significantly greater; 5) Seizure frequency was associated with worse QOLIE-31 scores in the domains Seizure Worry and Medication Effects.
OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) em três diferentes grupos de epilepsia e verificar a esfera percebida como de maior impacto na vida diária. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi composta por 57 pacientes com epilepsias focais e generalizadas do Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, divididos em três grupos, epilepsias do lobo temporal (ELT), extratemporais (Extra-ELT) e generalizadas idiopáticas (EGI). Os pacientes responderam a um questionário preliminar para identificar a percepção sobre os aspectos mais comprometidos em suas vidas. A QV foi avaliada por meio da versão brasileira do Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31 (QOLIE-31). A correlação dos domínios do QOLIE-31 com a duração da epilepsia e freqüência de crises foi definida pela inspeção dos gráficos de dispersão e pela correlação de Pearson e de Spearman. Foram considerados significantes os valores de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Dificuldades nas relações interpessoais, familiares e sociais foram apontadas como a esfera de maior impacto relacionado à epilepsia, citada por 13 (22,81 por cento) pacientes. O QOLIE-31 mostrou resultado semelhante nos três diferentes tipos de epilepsia, com exceção do domínio Funcionamento Cognitivo. Os escores deste domínio foram significativamente menores (p = 0,01) no grupo com Extra-ELT (38,4) do que nos grupos ELT (52,6) e EGI (62,6). A duração da epilepsia não influenciou na QOL nesta amostra, porém foi observada uma correlação estatística significante entre a freqüência de crises e os domínios Efeitos da Medicação (p = 0,0476, alfa = 0,05) e Preocupação com Crises (p = 0,0463, alfa = 0,05). A freqüência de crises mostrou ainda uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0.007) no grupo com Extra-ELT, que apresentou mais crises/paciente, quando comparado aos demais grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes identificaram as relações interpessoais, familiares e sociais como sendo a área mais afetada pela...