RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The most frequent body composition alterations in post-COVID-19 syndrome include low muscle mass, dynapenia, sarcopenia, and obesity. These conditions share interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms that exacerbate each other. The relationship between body composition phenotypes and metabolic abnormalities in post-COVID-19 syndrome remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between body composition phenotypes and insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic abnormalities in non-diabetic individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS: A cross-sectional, single-center study involving 483 subjects with post-COVID-19 syndrome following moderate to severe acute COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Individuals with diabetes, those who declined to participate, or those who could not be contacted were excluded. Body composition phenotypes were classified as normal weight, dynapenia, sarcopenia, dynapenic obesity, and sarcopenic obesity (SO). RESULTS: The average age was 52.69 ± 14.75 years; of note, 67.08% were male. The prevalence of body composition phenotypes was as follows: 13.25% were of normal weight, 9.52% had dynapenia, 9.94% had sarcopenia, 43.69% had obesity, 18.84% had dynapenic obesity, and 4.76% had SO. Additionally, 58.18% had IR. Obesity (OR: 2.98, CI95%; 1.64-5.41) and dynapenic obesity (OR: 4.98, CI95%; 1.46-6.88) were associated with IR. CONCLUSION: The most common body composition phenotypes were obesity, dynapenic obesity, and dynapenia. Furthermore, obesity and dynapenic obesity were associated with IR in post-COVID-19 syndrome.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , COVID-19 , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade , Fenótipo , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Adulto , Obesidade/complicações , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Idoso , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-AgudaRESUMO
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition, such as low muscle mass (sarcopenia), decreased grip strength or physical function (dynapenia), and accumulation of fat mass. When the accumulation of fat mass synergistically accompanies low muscle mass or reduced grip strength, it results in sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity, respectively. These types of obesity contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly, which could increase the damage caused by COVID-19. In this review, we associated factors that could generate a higher risk of COVID-19 complications in dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity. For example, skeletal muscle regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and supports metabolic stress in pulmonary disease; hence, the presence of dynapenic obesity or sarcopenic obesity could be related to a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Sarcopenia , Idoso , Composição Corporal , COVID-19/complicações , Força da Mão , Humanos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético , Obesidade/complicações , Sarcopenia/etiologiaRESUMO
An increased risk of slow gait speed (GS) has been reported among older adults with decreased muscle strength, coupled with a concomitant increase in body fat known as dynapenic obesity (DO); however, these two conditions together have rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to determine the association between GS and DO in older Mexican ambulatory adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted; body fat percentage, and muscle strength and GS using EWGSOP criteria, were measured in 126 older ambulatory Mexican adults, with a mean age of 71 years old. The association was evaluated using controlled logistic regression models. Among ambulatory older adults with slow GS, the risk of DO was 3.4 times higher than among those without, controlling for age and sex (p<0.01). In conclusion, slow GS in ambulatory older adults can be a useful indicator for the early identification of DO.
Assuntos
Força Muscular , Velocidade de Caminhada , Tecido Adiposo , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Marcha/fisiologia , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Obesidade/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is little evidence showing that dynapenic obesity is associated with lipid and glucose metabolism disorders, high blood pressure, chronic disease and metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to analyze whether dynapenic abdominal obesity can be associated with lipid and glucose metabolism disorders, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in older adults living in São Paulo. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 833 older adults who took part of the third wave of the Health, Well-being and Aging Study in 2010. Based on waist circumference (>88 cm women and >102 cm men) and handgrip strength (<16 kg women and <26 kg men), four groups were identified: non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese (ND/NAO), abdominal obese alone (AOA), dynapenic alone (DA) and dynapenic/abdominal obese (D/AO). Dependent variables were blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose and glycated-haemoglobin, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between dynapenia and abdominal obesity status and lipid and glucose metabolic profiles, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The fully adjusted models showed that D/AO individuals had higher prevalence of low HDL plasma concentrations (OR = 2.51, 95%CI: 1.40-4.48), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.43-4.47), hyperglycemia (OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.14-3.69), high glycated-haemoglobin concentrations (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.03-3.30) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 12.39, 95%CI: 7.38-20.79) than ND/NAO. Dynapenic and D/AO individuals had higher prevalence of heart disease (OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.17-3.59 and OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.06-3.48, respectively) than ND/NAO. CONCLUSION: D/AO was associated with high prevalence of lipid and glucose metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome while dynapenia and D/AO were associated with high prevalence of heart disease.