RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes, a palatabilidade das dietas e as características fecais de cães alimentados com uma dieta controle e uma dieta contendo 20% de gérmen desengordurado (GD), com e sem adição de complexo enzimático (amilase, xilanase, betaglucanase e mananase). Para o experimento de digestibidade e das características fecais, foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dieta x enzima). O segundo experimento avaliou a palatabilidade, por meio da primeira escolha e da razão de ingestão (RI) da dieta DC vs. 20% de GD, utilizando-se 16 cães. O teste de palatabilidade contou com três dias consecutivos, totalizando 48 repetições. A dieta com inclusão de 20% de GD teve os menores valores de CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). A inclusão do complexo enzimático melhorou o CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças nas características fecais (P>0,05). Em relação à palatabilidade, os cães preferiram a dieta 20% de GD, tanto na primeira escolha como na RI (P<0,05). A inclusão de enzimas às dietas melhora a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da EM, sendo um aditivo com potencial uso na alimentação de cães.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients, diet palatability and fecal characteristics of dogs fed diets containing degreased germ (DG), and a control diet (DC) - both with and without the addition of enzyme complex (amylase, xylanase, betaglucanase and mananase). For the digestibility and fecal characteristics experiment 12 adult dogs were used, distributed in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (diet x enzyme). The second experiment evaluated palatability using the first choice and ingestion ratio (IR) of DC diet vs. 20%gD, using 16 dogs. The palatability test had three consecutive days, totaling 48 repetitions. The diet with inclusion of 20% DG had the lowest ADC values of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). Inclusion of the enzyme complex improved ADC of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). No differences in fecal characteristics were observed (P >0.05). Regarding palatability, dogs preferred the 20% DG diet in both first choice and IR (P <0.05). Inclusion of enzymes in diets improves nutrient digestibility and ME, being an additive with potential use in dog food.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study evaluated recipes of home-prepared diets for dogs and cats published in Portuguese. A total of 106 diets were evaluated: eighty for dogs, twenty-four for cats and two intended for both species. A commercial software package was used to analyse the diets, and an ingredient chemical composition database was built based on the Brazilian Tables of Food Composition and United States Department of Agriculture Nutrient Database. The estimated chemical composition of each recipe was compared with the Nutritional Guidelines for Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs (Fédération Européenne de L'industrie des Aliments Pour Animaux Familiers; FEDIAF, 2014) recommendations for maintenance (as units/MJ). Most recipes (48 %) had no precise determination of ingredients and quantities. All diets had at least one nutrient below the recommendations, and all investigated nutrients were deficient in at least one diet. The most frequent nutrients below recommendation were: Fe (68·3 % of the recipes for dogs; 100 % of the recipes for cats); vitamin E (82·9 % of the dog recipes; 84·6 % of the cat recipes); Zn (75·6 % for dogs; 88·4 % for cats); Ca (73·2 % for dogs; 73 % for cats); Cu (85·4 % for dogs; 69·2 % for cats); choline (85·4 % for dogs; 69·2 % for cats); riboflavin (65·8 % for dogs; 11·5 % for cats); thiamine (39 % for dogs; 80·7 % for cats); and vitamin B12 (61 % for dogs; 34·6 % for cats). These recipes may potentially expose animals to nutritional deficiencies, and it is important to inform the owners of the risks of providing home-prepared diets. Better training of professionals that intend to prescribe home-prepared diets is advisable.

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on sperm sensitivity to lipid peroxidation (LP) in dogs. Using an incomplete replicate 3 × 3 Latin square design, five dogs were allocated into three groups. One of the squares was incomplete and had two dogs that were used with three treatments. The dogs were assigned to three different treatments, fed a control diet of balanced commercial food (control group; CG), control diet supplemented with 54 mg FO/kg body weight0·75 per d (FO group; FG) and FO plus 400 mg VE per d (FO and VE group; FEG) for 60 d. Semen samples were collected on days 0 and 60 and divided into two halves, peroxidised and control, with or without ascorbate-Fe2+, respectively. LP was measured in both halves by chemiluminescence as counts per min/mg protein. Fatty acid profile was determined by GC. Data were analysed using the mixed procedure (SAS). On day 0, LP increased in all groups in the peroxidised samples (P < 0·05). However, on day 60 LP decreased in peroxidised samples of both the FG and FEG (P < 0·05), but there were no differences between the FG and FEG (P > 0·1). Additionally, on day 60 total n-3 was higher in the FG and FEG compared with the CG (P < 0·05). Supplementation with FO alone or together with VE decreased LP in peroxidised samples. These results could indicate a protective effect of n-3 on sperm. More studies are needed to understand the mechanism whereby FO and/or FO plus VE decrease LP in dogs' sperm.

RESUMO

A glicerina é um coproduto originado da produção de biodiesel, que apresenta possibilidade de uso como fonte energética na nutrição animal. Objetivou-se avaliar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) e a energia metabolizável (EM) de dietas contendo glicerina, bem como a EM da glicerina em cães. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas contendo crescentes níveis de glicerina: 0%, 3%, 6% e 9%. As dietas foram fornecidas a oito cães adultos, os quais foram distribuídos em delineamento Quadrado Latino duplo (4x4). A adição de glicerina aumentou os CDA da matéria seca, energia bruta e a EM, sem afetar os CDA da proteína bruta e dos extrativos não nitrogenados da dieta. Entretanto, resultou em redução no CDA do extrato etéreo da dieta. Embora a adição de glicerina tenha reduzido o teor de matéria seca fecal, não houve efeito sobre o escore das fezes. Dentro dos níveis avaliados, a glicerina pode ser utilizada na dieta como fonte energética altamente disponível para cães.

Glycerin is a by-product originated from biodiesel production and it is an energetic ingredient of increasing possibility of use in diets of different species. This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility in dogs fed diets containing increasing levels of glycerol (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%). Diets were fed to eight adult dogs, which were distributed in Latin square design (4x4). The glycerol addition in the diet increased the digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and metabolizable energy, without affecting the digestibility of crude protein and nitrogen free extract. However, resulted in lower digestibility of ether extract. Although the addition of glycerin has reduced the amount of fecal dry matter, had no effect on fecal score. Within the levels evaluated, the glycerin can be used as dietary energy source highly available for dogs.

RESUMO

A glicerina é um coproduto originado da produção de biodiesel, que apresenta possibilidade de uso como fonte energética na nutrição animal. Objetivou-se avaliar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) e a energia metabolizável (EM) de dietas contendo glicerina, bem como a EM da glicerina em cães. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas contendo crescentes níveis de glicerina: 0%, 3%, 6% e 9%. As dietas foram fornecidas a oito cães adultos, os quais foram distribuídos em delineamento Quadrado Latino duplo (4x4). A adição de glicerina aumentou os CDA da matéria seca, energia bruta e a EM, sem afetar os CDA da proteína bruta e dos extrativos não nitrogenados da dieta. Entretanto, resultou em redução no CDA do extrato etéreo da dieta. Embora a adição de glicerina tenha reduzido o teor de matéria seca fecal, não houve efeito sobre o escore das fezes. Dentro dos níveis avaliados, a glicerina pode ser utilizada na dieta como fonte energética altamente disponível para cães.(AU)

Glycerin is a by-product originated from biodiesel production and it is an energetic ingredient of increasing possibility of use in diets of different species. This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility in dogs fed diets containing increasing levels of glycerol (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%). Diets were fed to eight adult dogs, which were distributed in Latin square design (4x4). The glycerol addition in the diet increased the digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and metabolizable energy, without affecting the digestibility of crude protein and nitrogen free extract. However, resulted in lower digestibility of ether extract. Although the addition of glycerin has reduced the amount of fecal dry matter, had no effect on fecal score. Within the levels evaluated, the glycerin can be used as dietary energy source highly available for dogs.(AU)

Assuntos