RESUMO
There is limited knowledge about tick diversity in the Amazon region. Here, we survey small terrestrial mammals for tick infestation at the Rio Pardo settlement, Amazonas State, Brazil. Sampling included rainy and dry seasons and four ecotones (primary forest, forest in regeneration, field crops and households). Each animal was inspected for ticks, which, if present, were placed in 70% alcohol and identified. Parasitological indexes were calculated and the presence/absence of ticks on hosts was tested for possible associations with independent variables (ecotone, host sex, host order, host family, host age and season). A total of 208 small mammals were captured, 47 individuals (10 species) in the primary forest, 124 (15 species) in the forest in regeneration, 11 (7 species) in the field crops, and 26 (4 species) in the households. A total of 14 small mammals were infested by ticks (overall prevalence: 6.7%; 95% CI: 3.72 - 11.04%), which consisted of 51 specimens that were identified into four species, as follows: Amblyomma humerale (32 nymphs); Ixodes luciae (6 females); Amblyomma coelebs (1 nymph); and Ornithodoros mimon (1 larva). In addition, 11 larvae were retained as Amblyomma spp. Only host order showed association (P = 0.002) with tick infestation, with marsupials 5.5 times more infested than rodents. Our record of O. mimon on D. marsupialis is the first on this host species, and the first record of a Argasidae tick in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that actively screened free-living terrestrial small mammals and provided data on prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of tick infestations in the Brazilian Amazonas state.
Assuntos
Larva , Ninfa , Infestações por Carrapato , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Masculino , Feminino , Ninfa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ninfa/fisiologia , Larva/fisiologia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Roedores , Prevalência , Ixodidae/fisiologia , Ixodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Amblyomma/fisiologia , Amblyomma/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mamíferos/parasitologia , População RuralRESUMO
Ticks are hematophagous arthropods and, during feeding, may transmit pathogens to vertebrate hosts, including humans. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected between 2010 and 2013 from free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and opossums (Didelphis albiventris) that inhabit Sabiá Park in Uberlândia, Brazil. Overall, 1,860 ticks were collected: 1,272 (68.4%) from capybaras (487 of the species Amblyomma sculptum, 475 adults and 12 nymphs; 778 Amblyomma dubitatum, 727 adults and 51 nymphs; and seven larva clusters of the genus Amblyomma); and 588 (31.6%) from opossums (21 A. sculptum, one adult and 20 nymphs; 79 A. dubitatum, all nymphs; 15 Ixodes loricatus, 12 adults and three nymphs; 457 Amblyomma sp. larva clusters; 15 Ixodes sp. larva clusters; and one Argasidae larva cluster). Out of 201 DNA samples tested for the presence of Rickettsia spp. DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 12 showed amplification of a gtlA gene segment that was specific to Rickettsia bellii, a bacterium non-pathogenic to humans. As there has been a report showing serological evidence of infections caused by Rickettsia species of the spotted fever group (SFG) in capybaras and opossums in the park, including Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiological agent of Brazilian spotted fever, and considering the presence of A. sculptum ticks, which are aggressive to humans, as well as these vertebrate hosts, which are amplifiers of R. rickettsii, it is important to monitor the presence of SFG rickettsiae in the Sabiá Park, which is visited daily by thousands of people.
Assuntos
Didelphis , Ixodidae , Larva , Ninfa , Rickettsia , Animais , Brasil , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Ninfa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ninfa/microbiologia , Ninfa/fisiologia , Larva/microbiologia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Ixodidae/microbiologia , Ixodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ixodidae/fisiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Feminino , Parques Recreativos , Amblyomma/microbiologia , Amblyomma/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Roedores/parasitologia , Gambás/parasitologiaRESUMO
Soft ticks are neglected competent vectors of a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, among which bacteria of the genera Rickettsia and Borrelia stand out. In Mexico, previous studies have shown the presence of a member of the Ornithodoros talaje complex in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae Kerr) from southeastern Mexico. However, its specific identification has not been achieved. Two D. virginiana were treated in a private clinic during the period of April-May 2022. Tick larvae were manually removed, DNA extraction was performed, and some genes from various bacterial and parasitic pathogens were amplified and sequenced. A total of 96 larvae were recovered, which were morphologically identified as Ornithodoros puertoricensis (Ixodida: Argasidae Fox); the 16 S sequences showed a similarity of 96.79%-99.51% with sequences of O. puertoricensis from Panama and Colombia. The presence of Rickettsia felis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae Bouyer et al.) was detected in 15 specimens from one host. The soft tick O. puertoricensis is recorded for the first time as an ectoparasite of the Virginia opossum in America and represents the second report for this soft tick in Mexico since 1963. This represents the most northern record of this tick species in its geographic distribution and brings a new soft tick-Rickettsia association.
Assuntos
Argasidae , Ornithodoros , Rickettsia felis , Rickettsia , Animais , México , Argasidae/genética , Argasidae/microbiologia , Rickettsia/genética , Larva/microbiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Knowledge of taxonomy and biodiversity of parasites is fundamental to better understand ecosystem dynamics. The objective of this study was to describe the helminth fauna of two species of marsupials in five fragments of the Atlantic rainforest in the western region of Paraná State, Brazil. In a total of 4050 trap-nights, the animals were captured using Sherman, Tomahawk, and Pitfall traps, euthanized, necropsied, and their organs inspected for helminths. After identification of the parasites, descriptors of infection, such as prevalence, mean abundance, mean intensity, and range of intensity, were calculated. Collectively, six helminth species were observed in 18 animals. The following five species were observed in Marmosa paraguayana: Viannaia hamata (58.8%), Gracilioxyuris agilisis (52.9%), Travassostrongylus sextus (17.6%), Oncicola luehei (5.9%), and Pritchardia boliviensis (5.9%). Whereas the following two species were observed in Monodelphis dimidiata: Trichohelix tuberculata (100%) and Travassostrongylus sextus (100%). This study represents a new locality record for all helminths described herein, and a new host for four helminth species. This is the first report on the helminth fauna of Monodelphis dimidiata, expanding knowledge about marsupials in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Resumo Conhecimentos taxonômicos e da biodiversidade parasitária são fundamentais para uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica do ecossistema. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a helmintofauna de marsupiais em cinco fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, na região Oeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Em um total de 4.050 armadilhas/noite, os animais foram capturados com as do tipo Sherman, Tomahawk e Pitfall, eutanasiados, necropsiados e seus órgãos inspecionados em busca de helmintos. Após a identificação do parasita, foram calculados os indicadores de infecção (prevalência, abundância média, intensidade média e variação de intensidade). Seis espécies de helmintos foram observadas em dezoito animais; cinco em Marmosa paraguayana: Viannaia hamata (58,8%), Gracilioxyuris agilisis (52,9%), Travassostrongylus sextus (17,6%), Oncicola luehei (5,9%) e Pritchardia boliviensis (5,9%), e duas em Monodelphis dimidiata: Trichohelix tuberculata (100%) e Travassostrongylus sextus (100%). Este estudo representa um novo registro de localidade para todos os helmintos descritos e um novo hospedeiro para quatro deles. Trata-se do primeiro relato da helmintofauna de Monodelphis dimidiata, expandindo-se os conhecimentos sobre marsupiais na mata Atlântica brasileira.
RESUMO
Kinetoplastids include species economically important in agriculture, livestock, and human health. We evaluated the richness of kinetoplastids that infect small mammals in patches of unflooded forests in the Pantanal biome, an area where we hypothesize that its diversity is higher than currently recognized. Hemocultures (HC) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) targeting the 18S rDNA gene were employed for the detection of kinetoplastids. We grouped the positive samples into pools for each small mammal species (Monodelphis domestica, Thylamys macrurus, Oecomys mamorae, Thrichomys fosteri, Clyomys laticeps, and Holochilus chacarius). Eight parasite species were identified: Leishmania amazonensis, L. infantum; Trypanosoma cascavelli (HC + NGS), T. cruzi, T. lainsoni, T. rangeli (HC + NGS), Trypanosoma sp. DID, and Neobodo sp. The use of a tool as sensitive as NGS has increased our awareness of the diversity of kinetoplastids, as well as their host range, with emphasis on the species O. mamorae (seven kinetoplastid species, excepting T. cascavelli in a pool of nine individuals) and T. macrurus (four kinetoplastid species in a single individual). Furthermore, L. infantum and L. amazonensis infections were described in small mammals from this region for the first time. These findings make it mandatory to revisit the kinetoplastids/host associations proposed so far.
RESUMO
The genus SerratacarusGoff and Whitaker 1984, currently includes only two species, Serratacarus dietzi Goff and Whitaker, 1994 and Serratacarus lasiurus Goff and Whitaker, 1994, which were recorded on cricetid rodents from natural reserve areas of Brazil. Here, we provide a review of the morphological characters for both species and synonymize of the species Trombewingia brasiliensisGoff and Gettinger, 1991 with S. lasiurus. Additionally, we provide new locality records for both species and the first record for S. dietzi on southeastern four-eyed opossum, Philander frenatus Olfers, 1818 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae).
Assuntos
Trombiculidae/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Gambás/parasitologia , Trombiculidae/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
In nature, parasitic infections must be addressed as complex systems involving parasite-host relationships on a temporal and spatial scale. Since the parasites cover a great biological diversity, we can expect that wildlife are exposed simultaneously to different parasites. In this sense, the objective of this work was to determine the relationships between free-living mammals and their associated hemoparasites in the Brazilian Pantanal. We used the data published during 2017 and 2018 by de Sousa et al. regarding the detection of vector-borne pathogens (VBP), namely Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Cytauxzoon, Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon, Mycoplasma, and Theileria, in nine species of free-living mammals belonging to orders Carnivora, Rodentia, and Didelphimorphia. We assume as infected an individual positive on any of parasitological, molecular, and/or serological tests. We observed a strong association between the wild felid Leopardus pardalis with Cytauxzoon, the wild canid Cerdocyon thous with Hepatozoon, the small rodent Thrichomys fosteri with Bartonella, and the procyonid Nasua nasua with Mycoplasma and Theileria. Therefore, N. nasua, C. thous, T. fosteri, and the small rodent Oecomys mamorae can be considered key species for the maintenance of selected VBP in the Pantanal region, because they showed a high number of single and coinfections. Together, our results highlighted the importance of coinfection as a common phenomenon in nature.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Mamíferos/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carnívoros/parasitologia , Vetores de Doenças , Marsupiais/parasitologia , Roedores , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/parasitologia , Áreas AlagadasRESUMO
Rodents and marsupials together, form the most rich group of mammals in Brazil, they are distributed in all biomes, including Atlantic Forest, and can be used to analyze environmental quality. The Araucaria Forest is a threatened formation of the Atlantic forest with few areas remaining intact and a huge lack of knowledge about the potential of its secondary forest fragments to act as habitat refuges to native fauna. This study evaluated the species richness and diversity of non-volant small mammals among five vegetation types within a protected area in an Araucaria Forest area from southern Brazil. The sampling was made in six bimonthly campaigns during a year, by pitfall and live traps. This effort resulted in 875 captures of 625 individuals from 16 species. The most common species in Pine Plantation was Oligoryzomys nigripes, in Natural Regeneration forest was Thaptomys nigrita and Akodon montensis was most often captured in the other vegetation. Although differences in species composition were found among the different vegetation types, there was no significant difference in species richness. Nevertheless, true diversity values were significantly lower in the Pine Plantation. The results demonstrated that the substitution of native for exotic vegetation generated a negative impact on the group diversity. More studies, in other Araucaria Forest areas are necessary to allow better understanding of the processes driving this loss of diversity in this biome threatened by antropic action.
Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Didelphis , Floresta Úmida , Mamíferos , Sigmodontinae , Biota , EcossistemaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Rodents and marsupials together, form the most rich group of mammals in Brazil, they are distributed in all biomes, including Atlantic Forest, and can be used to analyze environmental quality. The Araucaria Forest is a threatened formation of the Atlantic forest with few areas remaining intact and a huge lack of knowledge about the potential of its secondary forest fragments to act as habitat refuges to native fauna. This study evaluated the species richness and diversity of non-volant small mammals among five vegetation types within a protected area in an Araucaria Forest area from southern Brazil. The sampling was made in six bimonthly campaigns during a year, by pitfall and live traps. This effort resulted in 875 captures of 625 individuals from 16 species. The most common species in Pine Plantation was Oligoryzomys nigripes, in Natural Regeneration forest was Thaptomys nigrita and Akodon montensis was most often captured in the other vegetation. Although differences in species composition were found among the different vegetation types, there was no significant difference in species richness. Nevertheless, true diversity values were significantly lower in the Pine Plantation. The results demonstrated that the substitution of native for exotic vegetation generated a negative impact on the group diversity. More studies, in other Araucaria Forest areas are necessary to allow better understanding of the processes driving this loss of diversity in this biome threatened by antropic action.
RESUMO
The genus SerratacarusGoff and Whitaker 1984, currently includes only two species, Serratacarus dietzi Goff and Whitaker, 1994 and Serratacarus lasiurus Goff and Whitaker, 1994, which were recorded on cricetid rodents from natural reserve areas of Brazil. Here, we provide a review of the morphological characters for both species and synonymize of the species Trombewingia brasiliensisGoff and Gettinger, 1991 with S. lasiurus. Additionally, we provide new locality records for both species and the first record for S. dietzi on southeastern four-eyed opossum, Philander frenatus Olfers, 1818 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae).
RESUMO
Abstract: This study provides the first inventory of small non-volant mammals in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), a protected area in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was collected from 2015 to 2017 in 16 research campaigns with a duration of five days each. Four areas with different phytophysiognomies were sampled throughout the dry and rainy seasons. We sampled small mammals using live-capture and pitfall traps. Eleven species were captured, composed of six rodents and five marsupials. The sampling effort involved 5,600 traps/night, there were 527 capture events, and we captured 302 distinct individuals: 174 marsupials and 128 rodents. Recaptures accounted for 42.7% of the total captures. No significant differences were observed in the richness and abundance of small non-volant mammals between the different phytophysiognomies. We also found no significant differences in the richness and abundance of small non-volant mammals between the dry and rainy seasons. The relative abundance (Ar) and constancy index (C) of the species showed that the three most abundant and common species in the PEFI are: Didelphis aurita, Akodon montensis and Oligoryzomys nigripes, which represented 93.7% of the captures. Tomahawk traps accounted for 69% of the total captures, and pitfall traps were responsible for detecting the greatest richness, capturing 81.8% of the species. Comparing the efficiency of the different sampling methods in capturing small mammals in the PEFI, we observed significant differences between both pitfall versus Tomahawk and pitfall versus Sherman in the understory. The results obtained in this study are consistent with the past and current situations of the forest fragment which are in recovery after significant altered by anthropic activity. In light of this scenario of degradation and isolation, a defaunation process affecting the mastofauna is very likely in the PEFI, which favors the establishment and dominance of generalist species. This study could be the basis for further monitoring programs of small non-volant mammals. The data obtained here will also increase knowledge about the diversity of small mammals in urban fragments of the Atlantic Forest and demonstrate the importance of the PEFI for the maintenance of ecologically important species within the largest metropolitan region in Brazil. These species play important biological roles for the maintenance of ecological interactions and for the provision of rare ecosystem services for the anthropic landscape, which is of great value to the city of São Paulo.
Resumo: Este é o primeiro inventário para pequenos mamíferos não voadores no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), uma Unidade de Conservação da cidade de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre 2015 e 2017, em 16 campanhas de cinco dias cada. Quatro diferentes fitofisionomias foram amostradas entre os períodos seco e chuvoso. Amostramos os pequenos mamíferos não voadores utilizando armadilhas de captura viva. Foram capturadas 11 espécies, sendo seis de roedores e cinco de marsupiais. O esforço amostral foi de 5.600 armadilhas/noite, com 527 eventos de captura, sendo 174 marsupiais e 128 roedores. As recapturas representaram 42.7% do total de eventos. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre riqueza e abundância de pequenos mamíferos não voadores entre as diferentes fitofisionomias. Nós também não encontramos diferença significativa na riqueza e abundância de pequenos mamíferos entre o período seco e chuvoso. A abundância relativa (Ar) e o índice de constância (C) das espécies foram calculados, demonstrando que as três espécies mais abundantes e comuns no PEFI são: Didelphis aurita, Akodon montensis e Oligoryzomys nigripes, as quais representaram 93.7% das capturas. As armadilhas Tomahawk foram responsáveis por 69% do total de capturas, e as armadilhas de queda foram responsáveis por detectar a maior riqueza, capturando 81.8% das espécies. Comparando a eficiência dos diferentes métodos de amostragem para capturar os pequenos mamíferos do PEFI, nós observamos diferença significativa entre pitfall versus Tomahawk do sub-bosque e pitfall versus Sherman também do sub-bosque. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo condizem com o histórico e situação atual do fragmento florestal, considerado em recuperação após ser severamente alterado por ações antrópicas. Diante do cenário de degradação e isolamento, é muito provável que no PEFI tenha existido um processo de defaunação que acometeu a mastofauna, favorecendo o estabelecimento e predominância de espécies generalistas. Este primeiro estudo poderá servir como base para futuros programas de monitoramento dos pequenos mamíferos não voadores. Os dados aqui obtidos também agregam conhecimento sobre a diversidade de pequenos mamíferos em fragmentos urbanos de Mata Atlântica e demonstram a importância do PEFI para a manutenção de espécies ecologicamente importantes dentro da maior cidade do Brasil. Essas espécies cumprem papel biológico importante para a manutenção das interações ecológicas e provimento de serviços ecossistêmicos raros para a paisagem antrópica, com grande valor para a cidade de São Paulo.
RESUMO
Rodents and marsupials together, form the most rich group of mammals in Brazil, they are distributed in all biomes, including Atlantic Forest, and can be used to analyze environmental quality. The Araucaria Forest is a threatened formation of the Atlantic forest with few areas remaining intact and a huge lack of knowledge about the potential of its secondary forest fragments to act as habitat refuges to native fauna. This study evaluated the species richness and diversity of non-volant small mammals among five vegetation types within a protected area in an Araucaria Forest area from southern Brazil. The sampling was made in six bimonthly campaigns during a year, by pitfall and live traps. This effort resulted in 875 captures of 625 individuals from 16 species. The most common species in Pine Plantation was Oligoryzomys nigripes, in Natural Regeneration forest was Thaptomys nigrita and Akodon montensis was most often captured in the other vegetation. Although differences in species composition were found among the different vegetation types, there was no significant difference in species richness. Nevertheless, true diversity values were significantly lower in the Pine Plantation. The results demonstrated that the substitution of native for exotic vegetation generated a negative impact on the group diversity. More studies, in other Araucaria Forest areas are necessary to allow better understanding of the processes driving this loss of diversity in this biome threatened by antropic action.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Mamíferos , Didelphis , Sigmodontinae , Biodiversidade , Floresta Úmida , Biota , EcossistemaRESUMO
The present work aimed to analyze the ectoparasite-host interaction network and possible differences of this interaction related to two seasonal periods and host sex. During November 2016 and July 2017, non-flying small mammals were captured in 17 forest fragments located in the southern portion of the Amazon biome. We captured 96 individuals belonging to 10 host species that were parasitized with a total of 3668 ectoparasites. Overall, we identified 24 ectoparasite taxa belonging to the mite and insect groups Ixodida (ticks), Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, Trombidiformes (mites), Phthiraptera (lice), and Siphonaptera (fleas). The interaction network between all ectoparasites and hosts showed significant deviation from random, with moderately high specialization index (H2' = 0.80). There was seasonal difference in prevalence for Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) sensu stricto (s.s), Amblyomma coelebs Neumann and larvae of Amblyomma. This difference was also found in the mean intensity of infestation of Amblyomma larvae and the mite Tur aragaoi (Fonseca). Only mean intensity of infestation differed in relation to host sex for the species Marmosa constantiae Thomas. Our results demonstrate that specificity between ectoparasites and small mammals in this region is moderately high and that the pattern of aggregation of some ectoparasite taxa differed between two seasons, as well as between sexes in M. constantiae.
Assuntos
Ectoparasitoses/veterinária , Mamíferos/parasitologia , Ácaros , Ftirápteros , Sifonápteros , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Estações do Ano , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The increasing appearance of Chagas disease insect vectors in the metropolitan region of São Paulo has led endemic control entities to be alarmed at the potential increase in the number of cases of the disease. Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellated protozoan responsible of trypanosomiasis, which has as the main vectors hematophagous triatomines. In the recently reported colonies of Panstrongylus infestans in urban areas around São Paulo, most of them are carrying the protozoan. Mammals of the orders, Didelphimorphia and Cingulata are known as primitive reservoirs of T. cruzi, which is also found in Primates and Chiroptera. It is suggested that the dissemination of the protozoan to other species has occurred through predation and direct contact with physiological secretions contained in mucous membranes and lesions, since the secretions contained in paracloacal glands of marsupials are also an important contaminant material. The objective of this study were investigate the possible presence of the protozoan T. cruzi in blood samples of the Neotropical marsupial Didelphis aurita in the park of Instituto Butantan. For the analysis of hemoparasites, blood samples were collected from the caudal vein for 7 animals. The analysis were made with blood smears on histological slides fixed in methyl alcohol, and stained by the Giemsa method for observation by microscopy. No positive results were obtained for T. cruzi after analyzing the samples collected.
Com o crescente aparecimento de insetos vetores de doença de Chagas na região metropolitana de São Paulo, entidades de controle de endemias se alarmaram para o potencial aumento dos casos da doença em municípios da Grande São Paulo. O Trypanosoma cruzi é um protozoário flagelado responsável pela tripanossomíase, doença que possui como principais vetores os triatomíneos hematófagos. Recentemente, há relatos do aumento de colônias de Panstrongylus megistus nos municípios próximos a São Paulo, sendo que em grande parte deles foi encontrado o protozoário. Sabe-se que mamíferos das ordens Marsupialia e Cingulata são reservatórios primitivos do protozoário, havendo também registros em Primatas e Chiroptera. Sugere-se que a disseminação do protozoário para outras espécies tenha ocorrido através da predação e contato direto com secreções fisiológicas contidas em mucosas e lesões, sendo as secreções contidas nas glândulas paracloacais também um importante material contaminante. Este trabalho objetivou pesquisar o protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi nas amostras de sangue de Didelphis aurita do parque do Instituto Butantan Para a análise dos hemoparasitas, foram coletadas amostras de sangue da veia caudal. A análise foi feita a partir de esfregaço sanguíneo feito em lâminas histológicas fixadas em álcool metílico, sendo coradas pelo método Giemsa, e observadas através de microscopia óptica. Não foram obtidos resultados positivos para T. cruzi após a análise das amostras coletadas.
RESUMO
Chiggers have been studied throughout the world for their role in disease transmission. Venezuela has the largest chigger diversity in South America. In a review of Venezuelan genera, two monotypic genera described from Robinson's Mouse Opossum collected in Falcon State and after examination of the types of both genera, it was found that Delmohius hardyi Brennan and Goff and Carebareia johnstoni Goff and Brennan are the same species. Therefore, we are proposing the synonymy of Delmohius with Carebareia.
RESUMO
We analyzed the presence of Leptospira spp. in liver and kidney tissue of wild marsupials and rodents trapped in a periurban forest in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We examined 25 individuals of four marsupial and seven rodent species for the presence of the 16S rRNA gene of Leptospira in the DNA extracted from 47 liver and kidney tissue samples using PCR. We detected positive samples in 12% (3/25) of the individuals, in kidney fragments of two marsupial species (Didelphis marsupialis and Marmosops pinheiroi) and in a liver fragment of one rodent species (Echimys chrysurus). These are the first records of Leptospira spp. in M. pinheiroi and E. chrysurus and it is the first molecular survey of marsupials and rodents in the Brazilian Amazon.(AU)
Analisamos a presença de Leptospira spp. em tecido hepático e renal de marsupiais e roedores silvestres capturados em uma floresta periurbana no leste da Amazônia brasileira. Foram examinados 25 indivíduos de quatro espécies de marsupial e sete de roedor quanto à presença do gene 16S rRNA de Leptospira no DNA extraído de 47 amostras de tecido hepático e renal usando PCR. Detectamos amostras positivas em 12% (3/25) dos indivíduos, em fragmentos renais de duas espécies de marsupial (Didelphis marsupialis e Marmosops pinheiroi) e em um fragmento hepático de uma espécie de roedor (Echimys chrysurus). Estes são os primeiros registros de Leptospira spp. em M. pinheiroi e E. chrysurus, e é o primeiro levantamento molecular de marsupiais e roedores na Amazônia brasileira.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Roedores/anormalidades , Roedores/anatomia & histologia , Leptospira , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Abstract Chiggers are ectoparasites of vertebrates and may cause trombiculiasis or transmit pathogens to their hosts. Specimens collected from rodents and marsupials were morphologically identified as Herpetacarus hertigi, Eutrombicula tinami, Kymocta sp., Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta falconensis, Quadraseta flochi, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta pazca, Quadraseta trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., Serratacarus sp., and Trombewingia bakeri. These mites were submitted individually to molecular analyses for the detection of bacteria of the genus Coxiella, Hepatozoon and Rickettsia. Samples were positive to Rickettsia only. Obtained sequences for the gltA (350 pb) and ompA (488 pb) genes were identical to "Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi", a species previously detected in ticks. In addition, molecular identification of mites based on 18S rDNA sequences are provided for H. hertigi, Kymocta sp., Q. brasiliensis, Q. pazca, Q. trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., and T. bakeri for the first time. This is the first report of the detection of a Rickettsia sp. in chigger mites collected on rodents in Brazil.
Resumo Os trombiculídeos são ectoparasitas de vertebrados e podem causar trombiculíase ou transmitir patógenos ao hospedeiro. Exemplares coletados em roedores e marsupiais foram identificados morfologicamente como Herpetacarus hertigi, Eutrombicula tinami, Kymocta sp., Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta falconensis, Quadraseta flochi, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta pazca, Quadraseta trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., Serratacarus sp. e Trombewingia bakeri. Estes ácaros foram submetidos individualmente à análise molecular para detecção de bactérias dos gêneros Coxiella, Hepatozoon e Rickettsia. Amostras foram positivas somente para Rickettsia. Sequências obtidas para os genes gltA (350 pb) e ompA (488 pb) foram idênticas à "Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi", uma espécie anteriormente detectada em carrapatos. Além disso, foram fornecidas sequências de DNA 18S para identificação molecular de H. hertigi, Kymocta sp., Q. brasiliensis, Q. pazca, Q. trapezoides, Quadraseta sp. e T. bakeri. Este é o primeiro registro da detecção de Rickettsia em ácaros trombiculídeos coletados em roedores do Brasil.
Assuntos
Animais , Rickettsia/genética , Roedores/parasitologia , Trombiculidae/microbiologia , Marsupiais/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Non-volant small mammals, which include small-bodied representatives from several mammal orders, have been used as a model group to test the effects of habitat conversion and edge creation on biodiversity. Small mammals occupy a large variety of habitat types and vegetation strata, and have varied lifestyles and diets. They include species with slow-to fast-life history (the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus and European Hare Lepus europaeus, respectively) and with very specialized to very generalist habits and diets (the Atlantic bamboo rat Kannabateomys amblyonyx and house mouse Mus musculus, respectively). There are no databases with global coverage focusing on small mammal composition in natural and human-modified habitats and that include neglected natural habitats (e.g. grasslands and savannas). Here, peer-reviewed articles were searched in the primary literature to synthesize almost half century (1973-2017) of research on small mammal composition in natural forests, grasslands and their natural edges, and in five types of human-modified habitats (human-induced forest edges, human-induced grassland edges, crop fields, clear-cuts and tree plantations). The complete database includes information from 199 peer-reviewed articles. Presence data were obtained for 534 species (including 30 unidentified) in 551 sites distributed in 45 countries, 92 ecoregions, 10 biomes and six realms. Measurements of sampling effort and number of species records (number of individuals, captures) per habitat were also obtained, from which researchers can calculate a measure of abundance standardized by the sampling effort. The database will be useful for researchers interested in local-to broad-scale patterns of alpha- and beta-diversity in natural and human-modified habitats.
RESUMO
Chiggers are ectoparasites of vertebrates and may cause trombiculiasis or transmit pathogens to their hosts. Specimens collected from rodents and marsupials were morphologically identified as Herpetacarus hertigi, Eutrombicula tinami, Kymocta sp., Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta falconensis, Quadraseta flochi, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta pazca, Quadraseta trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., Serratacarus sp., and Trombewingia bakeri. These mites were submitted individually to molecular analyses for the detection of bacteria of the genus Coxiella, Hepatozoon and Rickettsia. Samples were positive to Rickettsia only. Obtained sequences for the gltA (350 pb) and ompA (488 pb) genes were identical to Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi, a species previously detected in ticks. In addition, molecular identification of mites based on 18S rDNA sequences are provided for H. hertigi, Kymocta sp., Q. brasiliensis, Q. pazca, Q. trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., and T. bakeri for the first time. This is the first report of the detection of a Rickettsia sp. in chigger mites collected on rodents in Brazil.(AU)
Os trombiculídeos são ectoparasitas de vertebrados e podem causar trombiculíase ou transmitir patógenos ao hospedeiro. Exemplares coletados em roedores e marsupiais foram identificados morfologicamente como Herpetacarus hertigi, Eutrombicula tinami, Kymocta sp., Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta falconensis, Quadraseta flochi, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta pazca, Quadraseta trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., Serratacarus sp. e Trombewingia bakeri. Estes ácaros foram submetidos individualmente à análise molecular para detecção de bactérias dos gêneros Coxiella, Hepatozoon e Rickettsia. Amostras foram positivas somente para Rickettsia. Sequências obtidas para os genes gltA (350 pb) e ompA (488 pb) foram idênticas à Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi, uma espécie anteriormente detectada em carrapatos. Além disso, foram fornecidas sequências de DNA 18S para identificação molecular de H. hertigi, Kymocta sp., Q. brasiliensis, Q. pazca, Q. trapezoides, Quadraseta sp. e T. bakeri. Este é o primeiro registro da detecção de Rickettsia em ácaros trombiculídeos coletados em roedores do Brasil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Mamíferos/parasitologia , Alphaproteobacteria/genética , Alphaproteobacteria/patogenicidade , Trombiculidae/genética , Trombiculidae/patogenicidade , Ectoparasitoses/parasitologiaRESUMO
Chiggers are ectoparasites of vertebrates and may cause trombiculiasis or transmit pathogens to their hosts. Specimens collected from rodents and marsupials were morphologically identified as Herpetacarus hertigi, Eutrombicula tinami, Kymocta sp., Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta falconensis, Quadraseta flochi, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta pazca, Quadraseta trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., Serratacarus sp., and Trombewingia bakeri. These mites were submitted individually to molecular analyses for the detection of bacteria of the genus Coxiella, Hepatozoon and Rickettsia. Samples were positive to Rickettsia only. Obtained sequences for the gltA (350 pb) and ompA (488 pb) genes were identical to "Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi", a species previously detected in ticks. In addition, molecular identification of mites based on 18S rDNA sequences are provided for H. hertigi, Kymocta sp., Q. brasiliensis, Q. pazca, Q. trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., and T. bakeri for the first time. This is the first report of the detection of a Rickettsia sp. in chigger mites collected on rodents in Brazil.