RESUMO
Donor to host transmission of infectious agents is a well-recognized entity, more commonly related to Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK) than to Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK), that involves complications ranging from interface keratitis to endophthalmitis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the published articles until December 2020 reporting cases of endophthalmitis secondary to corneal graft contamination in posterior lamellar keratoplasties (DSAEK and DMEK) along with donor characteristics, microbiological profile, treatment and outcomes. Each identified article was assessed to meet donor to host infection criteria, defined as a post-procedural infection in which the same microbiological agent was identified in both the donor corneoscleral rim or preservation medium and receptor ocular tissue. From 23 research articles, eight reports of endophthalmitis in nine patients following DSAEK or DMEK secondary to donor to host infection fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority were male and the median age was 72.0 (45.0-81.0) years old. Indications of surgery were primarily pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and Fuchs dystrophy. A fungal pathogen was identified in eight of nine patients. All the cases underwent surgical management with lenticule removal or endothelial plaque aspiration. The final corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) in all cases was 20/200 or better. Endophthalmitis after an EK procedure is a rare complication whose outcome depends on the aggressive and precocious treatment. Identification of early signs of interface keratitis and lenticule removal seems mandatory in patients undergoing DSAEK or DMEK to prevent further involvement of the globe.
Assuntos
Transplante de Córnea , Ceratoplastia Endotelial com Remoção da Lâmina Limitante Posterior , Endoftalmite , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs , Ceratite , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transplante de Córnea/métodos , Lâmina Limitante Posterior/cirurgia , Ceratoplastia Endotelial com Remoção da Lâmina Limitante Posterior/efeitos adversos , Ceratoplastia Endotelial com Remoção da Lâmina Limitante Posterior/métodos , Endoftalmite/etiologia , Endoftalmite/cirurgia , Endotélio Corneano/transplante , Feminino , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/cirurgia , Humanos , Ceratite/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is the current gold standard surgical procedure to treat Fuchs endothelial keratoplasty. Cataract removal and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation can be safely combined with this corneal procedure. This paper presents a case series in which a toric intraocular lens (IOL) was used in combined DMEK and cataract surgery to correct corneal astigmatism. METHODS: Four eyes that had a toric IOL implanted in combined cataract and DMEK surgery were included. RESULTS: There was a reduction in manifest refractive cylinder and improvement in uncorrected and best-corrected vision in all cases. DISCUSSION: Surgeons may consider the use of toric IOLs in selected cases of combined DMEK and cataract surgery for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy.
RESUMO
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is gaining popularity worldwide as a procedure to address corneal endothelial dysfunctions. Its perfect anatomical result improves outcomes and expedites visual recovery. This review addresses important aspects of safety, efficacy and patient selection.
RESUMO
We describe the case of a 52-year-old female with past history of LASIK, 21â¯years earlier, without Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. During the early postoperative period severe corneal edema, anterior chamber cellularity and iris inflammation presented, accompanied by a clear space along the LASIK interface. Those findings were interpreted as part of a Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS) and secondary interface fluid syndrome (IFS). When interface fluid was present, intraocular pressure (IOP) measured in the center of the cornea yielded very low values. In addition, applanation tonometry performed in the corneal periphery, as well as Schiotz tonometry and digital tonometry also indicated that the IOP was not high. Fluid in the interface persisted until a DMEK was carried out 11â¯months after the phacoemulsification surgery. Five days postoperatively the IFS resolved, confirmed by OCT imaging. The origin of IFS in this case was corneal edema secondary to endothelial cell dysfunction and it was not related to high IOP. This is the first reported case of IFS following TASS, the third case published of DMEK procedure used to solve endothelial failure-related IFS, and the case with the longest time of presentation after LASIK.
RESUMO
Objetivos: evaluar los resultados de una variante técnica para la preparación del tejido donante en la queratoplastia endotelial de la membrana de Descemet. Métodos: se realizó un estudio experimental exploratorio en 20 córneas donantes humanas no útiles para trasplante corneal en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". La variante técnica consistió en la disección neumática en dos pasos y abordaje posterior hasta conseguir la total separación de la membrana de Descemet. Se midió el tiempo quirúrgico, el diámetro del desprendimiento y la aparición de complicaciones. Se realizó estudio histológico de córneas con resultados biomicroscópicos atípicos. Resultados: se obtuvo el 95 % de tejido útil para trasplante en base a la integridad del tejido. El tiempo quirúrgico medio fue de 8,5 minutos y el diámetro medio de la bula de 9,3 mm. Ocurrió ruptura de la membrana de Descemet en dos casos. En tres discos se formaron dobles bulas, una parcial y dos completas. El estudio histológico mostró que la bula interna estaba compuesta por capa aislada de estroma posterior y la externa por membrana de Descemet y endotelio. Conclusiones: la variante técnica resultó reproducible y segura en la preparación del tejido donante. Las características ultraestructurales del estroma posterior permiten la disección de una capa independiente lisa, resistente y transparente. En algunos especímenes se observó la disección no solo de la membrana de Descemet y endotelio, sino que se presenciaron remanentes de capa de estroma posterior en las bulas simples.
Objective: to evaluate an alternative of double pneumatic dissection in the preparation of donor tissue for Descemet Membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Methods: experimental exploratory study of 20 human donor corneas that were useless for corneal transplant was performed in the "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. The technical variant was two-step pneumatic dissection and posterior approach in order to completely detach Descemet membrane. The mean surgical time, the size of the detachment, the arisen complications and histologic examination in cases of atypical biomicroscopic findings were evaluated. Results: ninety five percent of useful tissue for transplant was obtained. The mean surgical time was 8.5 min and the mean size of bubble was 9.3 mm. Rupture of Descemet membrane occurred in two cases. Three discs presented formation of double bubbles, one partial or two complete ones. The histological study showed that the innermost bubble was made up of an isolated layer of posterior stroma and the outer bubble made up of Descemet membrane and endothelial cells. Conclusions: this technical variant proved to be reproducible and safe for donor tissue preparation. The ultra-structural characteristics of the posterior deep stroma allow the dissection of an independent layer which is thin, smooth, resistant and transparent. In some specimens, the dissected tissue included not only Descemet membrane and endothelium, but also remnants of the posterior stroma layer in simple bubbles.