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PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of bone loss around single short molar crown-supporting implants in an atrophic mandible. METHODS: Implants of different lengths (L = 4 or 6 mm) and diameters (Ø = 4.1 or 4.8 mm) were placed in the molar area of an atrophic mandible. Additional control mandible models were simulated for 4.1 mm diameter implants (L = 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm). A vertical masticatory load of 200 N was applied to three or six occlusal contact areas (3ca or 6ca) of the prosthetic crown. The bone strain energy density (SED) of 109.6 µJ/mm3 was assumed to be the pathological threshold for cortical bone. The peri-implant bone resorption risk index (PIBRri) was calculated by dividing the maximum SED of the crestal cortical bone by the SED pathological threshold. RESULTS: Increasing the implant length from 4 to 6 mm, implant diameter from 4.1 to 4.8 mm, and number of contact areas from 3 to 6 reduced the SED and PIBRri values by approximately 20%, 35%, and 40%, respectively, when comparing pairs of models that isolated a specific variable. All models with 6ca had a low bone resorption risk (PIBRri<0.8), while the Ø4.1 short implant with 3ca had a medium (0.8≤PIBRri≤1.0) or high (PIBRri>1.0) resorption risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the diameter or occlusal contact area of a 4 mm short implant in an atrophic mandible resulted in reduced bone resorption risks, similar to or lower than those observed in a regular mandible with standard-length implants.

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Aging is a gradual and adaptive process that entails a series of changes, leading to reduced functional and physiological capacity. Each elderly person presents heterogeneous health conditions that must be considered by the interdisciplinary team responsible for their functional maintenance and overall health. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly individuals with deficient removable dental prostheses, treated at the dental prosthetic rehabilitation centre of Hospital Del Salvador, in Santiago de Chile between the years 2021 and 2023. Instruments and indices were used to record and measure muscular conditions, such as the hand grip strength measurements, the Timed Up and Go test, and the calf circumference measurement. Information on educational levels, geriatric syndromes, chronic diseases, and medication consumption was collected. Of the participants, 58.9 % were female, and 41.1 % were male, with a mean age of 84.2 years for males and 80.4 years for females. 20.8 % had access to higher education, and 22.6 % lived alone. 78.5 % had lost all posterior support zones. 81.5 % had visual impairments; 36.3 % had auditory impairments, and 31.5 % had experienced one or more falls in the last 6 months. The mean sum of medications consumed per person was 4.32. The most prevalent morbidities were arterial hypertension (66.4 %) and type II diabetes (32.7 %). Means values for male/ female were: Hand Grip Strength 27.84 Kg/17.99 kg, Timed Up and Go 14.3 sec/14.9sec, BMI 27.16/ 26.44, and calf circumference 35.5 cm /35.2cm, values were within the normal range of values. The data collected is important to consider when treatment planning and implementing actions aimed at maintaining oral and general functionality. These aspects should be addressed from a multidimensional perspective, including risk factors, in both the diagnosis and dental treatments.

Envejecer es un proceso gradual y adaptativo que conlleva cambios, que reducen la capacidad funcional y fisiológica. Cada persona mayor presenta condiciones de salud heterogéneas que deben ser consideradas por el equipo interdisciplinario a cargo de su mantención funcional y estado de salud. Estudio descriptivo, corte transversal, en personas mayores portadoras de prótesis dentales removibles deficientes, del servicio dental de rehabilitación protésica del Hospital Del Salvador de Santiago de Chile, entre los años 2021-2023. Se emplearon instrumentos e índices para realizar registro y medición de condiciones musculares como fuerza de presión manual, prueba Timed Up and Go y medición del perímetro de pantorrilla. Se recolectó información asociada a nivel de escolaridad, síndromes geriátricos, enfermedades crónicas y cantidad de fármacos que consumen. Un 58,9 % eran mujeres, la edad media de hombres fue de 84,2 años y la de mujeres fue de 80,4 años. Un 20,8 % tuvo acceso a educación superior. El 22,6 % vive solo. Un 78,5 % ha perdido todas las zonas de soporte dentario posterior. Un 81.5 % tiene alteraciones visuales; un 36.3 % alteraciones auditivas; un 31.5 % ha tenido 1 o más caídas en los últimos 6 meses. La media de fármacos fue de 4.32 por persona. Las morbilidades más prevalentes fueron hipertensión arterial (66.4 %) y diabetes tipo II (32,7 %). Los valores promedios encontrados para hombres/mujeres en fuerza de prensión manual fueron 27,84 Kg/17,99 kg, Timed Up and Go fueron 14,3 sec / 14,9 sec, IMC 27,16/ 26,44 y perímetro de pantorrilla 35,5 cm / 35,2 cm. Todos los datos clasificaron en el rango de normalidad. Las características observadas son importantes a considerar al momento de planificar tratamientos e implementar medidas orientadas a mantener funcionalidad oral y general. Éstas deben ser abordadas desde una mirada multidimensional, incluyendo los factores de riesgo, tanto en el diagnóstico como su tratamiento odontológico.

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PURPOSE: To assess vertical and horizontal fit, screw removal torque, and stress analysis (considered biomechanical aspects) of full-arch implant frameworks manufactured in Ti-6Al-4V through milling, and additive manufacturing Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), and the effect of the thermo-mechanical treatment Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) as a post-treatment after manufacturing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Maxillary full-arch implant frameworks were made by milling, DMLS, and EBM. The biomechanical assessments were screw removal torque, strain-gauge analyses, and vertical and horizontal marginal fits. The vertical fit was assessed by the single-screw test and with all screws tightened. All frameworks were submitted to a standardized HIP cycle (920°C, 1000 bar pressure, 2 h), and the tests were repeated (α = 0.05). RESULTS: At the initial time, milled frameworks presented higher screw removal torque values, and DMLS and EBM frameworks presented lower levels of strain. Using the single-screw test, milled and DMLS frameworks presented higher vertical fit values, and with all screws tightened and horizontally, higher fit values were found for milled frameworks, followed by DMLS and EBM. After HIP, milling and EBM frameworks presented higher screw removal torque values; the lowest strain values were found for EBM. Using the single-screw test, milled and DMLS frameworks presented higher vertical fit values, and with all screws tightened and horizontally no differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: DMLS and EBM full-arch frameworks presented adequate values of screw removal torque, strain, and marginal fit, although the worst values of marginal fit were found for EBM frameworks. The HIP cycle enhanced the screw removal torque of milled and EBM frameworks and reduced the strain values of milled frameworks. The HIP represents a reliable post-treatment for Ti-6Al-4V dental prostheses produced by milling and EBM technologies.

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Dental zirconias have been broadly utilized in dentistry due to their high mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Although initially introduced in dentistry as an infrastructure material, the high rate of technical complications related to veneered porcelain has led to significant efforts to improve the optical properties of dental zirconias, allowing for its monolithic indication. Modifications in the composition, processing methods/parameters, and the increase in the yttrium content and cubic phase have been presented as viable options to improve zirconias' translucency. However, concerns regarding the hydrothermal stability of partially stabilized zirconia and the trade-off observed between optical and mechanical properties resulting from the increased cubic content remain issues of concern. While the significant developments in polycrystalline ceramics have led to a wide diversity of zirconia materials with different compositions, properties, and clinical indications, the implementation of strong, esthetic, and sufficiently stable materials for long-span fixed dental prostheses has not been completely achieved. Alternatives, including advanced polycrystalline composites, functionally graded structures, and nanosized zirconia, have been proposed as promising pathways to obtain high-strength, hydrothermally stable biomaterials. Considering the evolution of zirconia ceramics in dentistry, this manuscript aims to present a critical perspective as well as an update to previous classifications of dental restorative ceramics, focusing on polycrystalline ceramics, their properties, indications, and performance.

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OBJECTIVE: This retrospective case series aimed to assess the stability of the papilla around four single crowns supported by narrow-diameter implants replacing all maxillary incisors. Secondary objectives included assessment of marginal bone level stability, incidence of technical and biological complications, and patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Individuals with four adjacent implants in maxillary incisor sites, placed with a 3 mm inter-implant distance and rehabilitated with single crowns were included. Retrospective data were obtained from photographs and radiographs taken at the delivery of the prosthesis (baseline-T0). Patients were then recalled (≥2 years after T0) for clinical and radiographic examination (follow-up-T1). Photographs were obtained and patient satisfaction was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Papilla height and marginal bone level were compared over time. RESULTS: Data from 10 patients with medium-low smile lines and rehabilitated with 40 implants, in function for 5.4 ± 1.9 years, were analyzed. The papilla height between implants (T0: 2.3 ± 0.9 mm; T1: 2.6 ± 0.7 mm; p = .011) and between tooth and implant (T0: 3.4 ± 0.9 mm; T1: 3.8 ± 0.8 mm; p = .025) increased significantly over the years. The marginal bone level remained stable over time (T0: 0.88 ± 0.57 mm; T1: 0.71 ± 0.67 mm; p = .007). Patients were highly satisfied (97.7 ± 0.3%) with the treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: Within its limitations, this study demonstrated that four single implant-supported crowns placed at maxillary incisor sites may exhibit soft tissue and marginal bone stability over a long period of time. This treatment approach, however, should be restricted to few patients as it requires a proper case selection and skillful execution of all surgical and prosthetic steps.

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BACKGROUND: Abutment screw loosening is a common complication of implant supported prostheses, especially for single crowns. In engineering, anaerobic adhesives (AA) are used to provide chemical locking between screw surfaces, but their application in implantology remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of AA on counter-torque of abutment screws for cemented prosthesis on dental implants with external hexagon connection (EHC) and conical connection (CC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample was composed by 60 specimens, 30 dental implants with EHC and 30 with CC. Abutments (transmucosal 3 mm straight universal abutment) were installed without AA (control group) or with application of AA with two different adhesive strength: medium strength (LOCTITE® 242) and high strength (LOCTITE® 277). The specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling at 37°C, with a load setting of 133 N, a 1.3 Hz frequency, and 1 200 000 cycles. The abutments were removed, and the counter-torque values were registered. Screws and implants were inspected using a stereomicroscope to verify the presence of residual adhesive and damage the internal structures. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparison tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Comparing to the torque of installation, the medium strength AA kept the counter-torque values for CC implants and the high strength AA kept the counter-torque for EHC implants and increased for CC implants. In the intergroup comparisons, control group presented significantly lower counter-torque values than other groups, both for EHC and CC implants. High strength AA presented similar results to medium strength AA in the EHC implants, but in the CC implants presented higher counter-torque values. Damage in threads was more frequent in the groups that received high strength AA. CONCLUSION: The use of AA increased the counter-torque of abutment screws, both in implants with EHC and CC.

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La identificación humana genera continuos desafíos técnicos y científicos para los equipos de expertos forenses en sus múltiples contextos de intervención. Uno de los más complejos, está representado por el hallazgo de cadáveres quemados o carbonizados, donde las huellas dactilares resultan inviables. En tales situaciones, los tejidos de la cavidad oral han demostrado elevada tolerancia a la injuria térmica, aportando información decisiva, muchas veces com-plementada por estructuras protésicas recupera-das del occiso. El presente artículo reporta dos ca-sos donde las prótesis dentales acrílicas y de cromo cobalto exhibieron notable indemnidad pese a la gran pérdida orgánica sufrida por los cuerpos de las víc-timas ante la acción vulnerante del fuego, otorgando valor probatorio para contribuir en el establecimien-to de su identidad (AU)

Human identification generates continuous technical and scientific challenges for teams of forensic experts in their multiple contexts of intervention. One of the most complex is represented by the discovery of burned or charred corpses, where fingerprints are unviable. In such situations, the tissues of the oral cavity have shown high tolerance to thermal injury, providing decisive information, often complemented by prosthetic structures recovered from the deceased. This article reports two cases where the acrylic and cobalt chrome dental prostheses presented notable indemnity despite the great organic loss suffered by the bodies of the victims before the damaging action of fire, granting probative value to contribute to the establishment of their identity (AU)

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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of thermomechanical cycling (TMC) and type of abutment on the misfit and compressive strength of the implant−abutment interface. Forty 3.75-mm external hexagon implants with 25° angled abutments were divided into four groups (N = 10). Group A: overcast plus TMC; Group B: overcast without TMC; Group C: completely cast plus TMC; Group D: completely cast without TMC. Abutments were fixed to the implants with 32-Ncm torque, and groups A and C specimens were cyclically loaded at 80 N with 2 Hz for 1 million cycles. The misfit on the implant−abutment interface was evaluated by optical microscope (100×) and the compressive strength test was performed in a universal test machine. For statistical analysis, a two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used. There was no difference in misfit presented by all the abutments in the absence of TMC (p > 0.05). When TMC was performed, the completely cast abutments showed greater misfit than overcast ones (p = 0.001). Regarding compressive strength, irrespective of TMC performed, the overcast abutments showed higher compressive strength values than completely cast abutments (p = 0.003). Moreover, disregarding the type of abutment used, the absence of TMC provided higher compressive strength values (p < 0.001). It was concluded that thermomechanical cyclic loading aggravated the misfit, especially in completely cast abutments, regardless of material or fabrication technique, and reduced the compressive strength of the two types of abutments tested.

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Several treatment options for replacement of anterior missing teeth exist, varying from no-prep (no preparation) adhesive restorations to implants. Patients' biological, psychological, economic conditions or age have an effect on the treatment choice. It is important to perform the most conservative and beneficial treatment option considering the patient based factors. The aim of this case report was to demonstrate a single session, minimally invasive, cantilevered 2-unit all-ceramic restorations replacing anterior missing teeth combined with the advantages of CAD/CAM technology and materials. (AU)

Existem várias opções de tratamento para reabilitação de dentes anteriores ausentes, variando de restaurações adesivas sem preparo (sem preparação) até implantes. As condições biológicas, psicológicas, econômicas ou a idade dos pacientes têm um efeito na escolha do tratamento. É importante realizar a opção de tratamento mais conservadora e benéfica, considerando os fatores baseados no paciente. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi demonstrar em sessão única, minimamente invasiva, um cantiléver de restaurações de cerâmica pura de 2 unidades, reabilitando a região de dentes anteriores ausentes combinadas com as vantagens da tecnologia CAD/CAM.(AU)

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RESUMEN Introducción: Con el avance de la tecnología adhesiva, nuevas técnicas y materiales restauradores están siendo utilizados para el tratamiento de dientes endodonciados, por ello, las endocoronas son una alternativa clínica para su tratamiento. La ventaja de esta restauración es que tiene mejores características macro retentivas, requiere menor tiempo clínico y de laboratorio. Objetivo: Proporcionar información bibliográfica actual sobre esta nueva alternativa para aplicar una nueva guía en rehabilitación oral con el uso de la endocorona mediante una revisión de la literatura. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica detallada, con la consideración de artículos originales o casos clínicos que incluían información relacionada a las restauraciones de tipo endocorona. La búsqueda se efectuó en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Elsevier y Google Académico. Resultados: Las restauraciones de tipo endocorona son un monobloque único que devuelve la anatomía completa de la corona dental, la cual aprovecha la cámara pulpar para así lograr una mayor adhesión y macro retención mecánica. Este enfoque restaurador proporciona una función adecuada y estética, así como la integridad biomecánica de las estructuras no vitales. Conclusiones: Actualmente en la Odontología moderna se emplea el término de mínima intervención, conservando en su mayor cantidad posible el tejido dental de manera que los dientes tengan mayor funcionalidad, por ello las endocoronas son una opción segura y con buen pronóstico a largo plazo en rehabilitación oral para tratar piezas endodonciadas, debido a que es un procedimiento técnicamente más conservador, estético, sencillo y de menor costo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the advancement of adhesive technology, new techniques and restorative materials are being used for the treatment of root canals; therefore endocrowns are a clinical alternative for their treatment. The advantage of this restoration is that it has better macro retentive characteristics, requires less clinical and laboratory time. Objective: To provide current bibliographic information on this new alternative to apply a new guide in oral rehabilitation with the use of endocrown through a literature review. Method: A detailed bibliographic review was carried out, with the consideration of original articles or clinical cases that included information related to endocrown-type restorations. The search was carried out in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Elsevier and Google Scholar. Results: Endocrown restorations are a single monoblock that rebuilds the complete anatomy of the dental crown, which takes advantage of the pulp chamber to achieve greater adhesion and macro mechanical retention. This restorative approach provides adequate function and aesthetics, as well as the biomechanical integrity of non-vital structures. Conclusions: The term minimal intervention is currently very used in modern dentistry, preserving the dental tissue as much as possible so that the teeth have greater functionality. Endocrowns are a safe option with a good long-term prognosis in oral rehabilitation to treat root canals, because it is a technically more conservative, aesthetic, simple and lower-cost procedure.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o avanço da tecnologia adesiva, novas técnicas e materiais restauradores estão sendo utilizados para o tratamento de dentes endodônticos, portanto os endocrowns são uma alternativa clínica para seu tratamento. A vantagem dessa restauração é que ela apresenta melhores características macro retentivas, requer menos tempo clínico e laboratorial. Objetivo: Fornecer informações bibliográficas atuais sobre esta nova alternativa de aplicação de um novo guia na reabilitação oral com o uso de endocrown por meio de uma revisão da literatura. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica detalhada, considerando artigos originais ou casos clínicos que incluíam informações relacionadas a restaurações do tipo endocrown. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Elsevier e Google Scholar. Resultados: As restaurações do tipo endocrown são um único monobloco que devolve a anatomia completa da coroa dentária, que aproveita a câmara pulpar para obter maior adesão e retenção macromecânica. Esta abordagem restauradora fornece função e estética adequadas, bem como a integridade biomecânica de estruturas não vitais. Conclusões: Atualmente na odontologia moderna é utilizado o termo de intervenção mínima, preservando-se o tecido dentário o máximo possível para que os dentes tenham maior funcionalidade, portanto endocrowns são uma opção segura e com bom prognóstico em longo prazo na reabilitação oral para tratamento da endodontia dentes, por ser um procedimento tecnicamente mais conservador, estético, simples e de menor custo.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the probability of survival and failure modes of four-unit implant-supported porcelain fused to metal (PFM) dentogingival prostheses subjected to step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen implant-supported PFM dentogingival prostheses with thin metallic infrastructures, which provided minimal ceramic support and improved esthetics were fabricated over external hexagonal connection UCLA abutments. SSALT was performed until specimen failure. Use level probability Weibull curve and reliability were calculated and plotted. Weibull modulus (m) and characteristic strength (η) were also calculated. Polarized light microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize fractures. RESULTS: Failures were dictated by material strength rather than fatigue damage accumulation. The probability of survival for loads reaching 100 and 150 N in 100,000 cycles was 92 and 61%, respectively. No cracks or fractures were identified in the veneered porcelain, whereas abutment fixation screw fracture was the chief failure mode. CONCLUSION: Implant-supported PFM four-unit dentogingival prostheses with minimum metal framework dimensions presented favorable lifetime prediction under fatigue testing. Fractures were restricted to fixation screws. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In-vitro fatigue testing and failure mode analyses evidenced favorable lifetime prediction for 4-unit implant-supported dentogingival prostheses with minimum metal frameworks. Abutment fixation screw fracture might be the most frequent clinical complication. Since this proof of concept has been tested in-vitro, further studies including different restorative materials, as well as long-term clinical trials are warranted.

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This study aimed to synthesize and characterize non-woven acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide-6 (P6), and polystyrene (PS) nanofibers, and evaluate their effects on the flexural strength and fracture resistance of fiber-modified polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. ABS, P6, and PS polymer solutions were prepared and electrospun into fiber mats, which were characterized by means of morphological, chemical, physical, and mechanical analyses. The fiber mats were then used to modify a thermally-activated PMMA resin, resulting in four testing groups: one unmodified group (control) and three fiber-modified groups incorporated with ABS, P6, or PS fiber mats. Flexural strength, work of fracture, and fractographic analysis were performed for all groups. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). The fiber diameter decreased, respectively, as follows: ABS > P6 > PS. Only the P6 fiber mats demonstrated a crystalline structure. Wettability was similar among the distinct fiber mats, although tensile strength was significantly greater for P6, followed by ABS, and then PS mats. Flexural strength of the fiber-modified PMMA resins was similar to the control, except for the weaker P6-based material. The work of fracture seemed to be greater and lower when the P6 and PS fibers were used, respectively. The fiber-modified groups exhibited a rougher pattern in the fractured surfaces when compared to the control, which may suggest that the presence of fibers deviates the direction of crack propagation, making the fracture mechanism of the PMMA resin more dynamic. While the neat PMMA showed a typical brittle response, the fiber-modified PMMA resins demonstrated a ductile response, combined with voids, suggesting large shear deformation during fracture. Altogether, despite the lack of direct reinforcement in the mechanical strength of the PMMA resin, the use of electrospun fibers showed promising application for the improvement of fracture behavior of PMMA resins, turning them into more compliant materials, although this effect may depend on the fiber composition.

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RESUMEN Introducción: la prótesis dental removible es un tratamiento rehabilitador que devuelve las funciones al sistema estomatognático; para su éxito se necesita responsabilidad y compromiso entre el profesional y el paciente sobre la higiene y modo de uso. Objetivo: determinar el estado higiénico de la prótesis removible acrílica en los pacientes atendidos en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo en el periodo marzo-agosto de 2019. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal utilizando un cuestionario y una ficha de observación validados. Todos los sujetos de la investigación firmaron el consentimiento informado antes de responder el cuestionario y ser examinados. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva, frecuencia y porcentaje. Resultados: fueron evaluados 100 paciente, con predominio del sexo femenino (74 %), y la edad de 50 años o más (54 %). Los resultados muestran que el 53 % de los pacientes usan prótesis confeccionadas por cinco o más años, y que el 94 % no ha asistido a controles subsiguientes. El método mecánico (86 %) es el más utilizado para higienizar las prótesis, y en el 65 % de las prótesis se observó acumulación de placa bacteriana y restos de alimento. La mayoría de los pacientes (78 %) usa la prótesis dental durante todo el día (24 horas) y, cerca de la mitad, tiene signos clínicos de estomatitis subprotésica (46 %). Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacientes no cumplen con las normas de higiene y uso de las prótesis removibles por lo cual se necesita un cambio en su educación y seguimiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the removable dental prostheses is a rehabilitation treatment that returns the functions to the stomatognathic system; for its successful action it is necessary responsibility and commitment between the professional and the patient on hygiene and mode of use. Objective: to determine the hygienic condition of the removable acrylic prostheses in patients attended in the dental clinics at San Gregorio de Portoviejo University in the period March - August 2019. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a validated questionnaire and observation worksheet. All participants in the research provided handwritten signature informed consent form before answering the questionnaire and being examined. Descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage were applied. Results: a total of 100 patients were evaluated, with higher prevalence in females (74%), and 50 years of age or more (54%). The results show that 53% of the patients use prostheses made for five or more years, and 94% have not attended subsequent checks. The mechanical method (86%) is the most used to sanitize the prostheses, and in 65% of the prostheses was observed accumulation of bacterial plaque and food debris. Most patients (78%) wear their prostheses throughout the day (24 hours) and about half have clinical signs of subprosthetic stomatitis (46%). Conclusions: Most patients do not comply with the rules of hygiene and use of removable prostheses so a change is needed in their education and monitoring.

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ABSTRACT: Aging is a dynamic process that includes various alterations in the oral cavity, with tooth loss being the most frequent. Rehabilitative treatment may include removable or fixed prostheses and implants. The aim of this study was to describe the geometric (trajectory, ranges, areas) and kinematic (speed) characteristics of the mandibular and masticatory movements threedimensionally in participants with dental prostheses. A sample of 10 participants with removable prosthetic rehabilitation was divided into three groups (complete, atypical and overdenture) the characteristics of mandibular movements bordering and chewing with 3D Electromagnetic Articulography were measured. The Posselt polygonin was obtained, the frontal and sagittal plans, its areas, trajectories and ranges are analyzed. The masticatory movements were analyzed in the area of each cycle, the frequency, the speed and the reason between the masticatory cycle and the bordering movements, no significant differences between the groups. Subjects with dental prostheses, regardless of the type, they showed low of motion (border and functional) compared to dentate subjects with no functional alterations whose values have been reported in the literature. The subjects with overdenture have values closer to what is described for young dentate subjects.

RESUMEN: El envejecimiento es un proceso dinámico que incluye varias alteraciones en la cavidad oral, siendo la pérdida de dientes la más frecuente. El tratamiento de rehabilitación puede incluir prótesis fijas o removibles y/o implantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características geométricas (trayectoria, rangos, áreas) y cinemáticas (velocidad) de los movimientos mandibulares y masticatorios en participantes con prótesis dentales realizando un análisis en tres dimensiones. Se consideró una muestra de 10 participantes con rehabilitación protésica y se dividió en tres grupos (prótesis total, atípica e implantosoportada), se midieron las características de los movimientos mandibulares bordeantes y masticatorios con articulografía electromagnética 3D. Se obtuvo el polígono Posselt en los planos frontal y sagital, se analizaron sus áreas, trayectorias y rangos. Se analizaron los movimientos masticatorios en cuanto al área de cada ciclo, la frecuencia, la velocidad y la razón entre el área el ciclo masticatorio y los movimientos bordeantes, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Los sujetos con prótesis dentales, independientemente del tipo, mostraron disminución de movimiento (bordeante y funcional) en comparación con los sujetos dentados sin alteraciones funcionales cuyos valores se han informado en la literatura. Los sujetos con prótesis implantosoportada tienen valores más cercanos a lo que se describe para sujetos jóvenes dentados.

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PURPOSE: To verify the influence of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) implant-supported prostheses manufactured with cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) and zirconia (Zr), and whether ceramic application, spark erosion, and simulation of masticatory cycles modify biomechanical parameters (marginal fit, screw-loosening torque, and strain) on the implant-supported system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten full-arch fixed frameworks were manufactured by a CAD/CAM milling system with Co-Cr and Zr (n=5/group). The marginal fit between the abutment and frameworks was measured as stated by single-screw test. Screw-loosening torque evaluated screw stability, and strain analysis was explored on the implant-supported system. All analyses were performed at 3 distinct times: after framework manufacturing; after ceramic application in both materials' frameworks; and after the spark erosion in Co-Cr frameworks. Afterward, stability analysis was re-evaluated after 106 mechanical cycles (2 Hz/150-N) for both materials. Statistical analyses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=.05). RESULTS: No difference between the two materials was found for marginal fit, screw-loosening torque, and strain after framework manufacturing (P>.05). Ceramic application did not affect the variables (P>.05). Spark erosion optimized marginal fit and strain medians for Co-Cr frameworks (P<.05). Screw-loosening torque was significantly reduced by masticatory simulation (P<.05) regardless of the framework materials. CONCLUSION: Co-Cr and Zr frameworks presented similar biomechanical behavior. Ceramic application had no effect on the biomechanical behavior of either material. Spark erosion was an effective technique to improve Co-Cr biomechanical behavior on the implant-supported system. Screw-loosening torque was reduced for both materials after masticatory simulation.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to report treatment of a patient with Kennedy's class l maxillary and class II mandibular arch with removable partial dentures supported on an external hexagon (HE) anterior type implant of regular diameter fitted with an O'ring type of attachment. This clinical case reports the oral rehabilitation of a senile patient whose clinical examination revealed missing dentition in the upper and lower arches, attrition of the lower anterior teeth, caries, and motor impairment affecting hygiene, mastication, and esthetic functions. Due to few severely impaired teeth, the pre-prosthetic preparation included extractions and restorations, followed by the fabrication of upper and lower removable partial dentures supported by an HE-type implant. This study is important because it addresses the current challenges faced in the implementation of treatment involving removable partial dentures combined with implants, which is a topic that still needs long-term follow-up and research.

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o tratamento reabilitador com próteses removíveis classe l de Kennedy superior e classe ll de Kennedy inferior associada a um implante de diâmetro regular, do tipo hexágono externo (HE) superior anterior, com o sistema de encaixe do tipo O'ring. O presente trabalho, relata um caso clínico em reabilitação oral em um paciente senil no qual apresentava ao exame clínico ausências dentárias no arco superior e inferior, desgaste por atrição nos dentes anteriores inferiores, cáries e comprometimento motor, prejudicando a higienização, função mastigatória e estética. Em virtude do grau de comprometimento de alguns dentes, o preparo pré-protético foi realizado com exodontias, restaurações e, por fim, a confecção de próteses parciais removíveis inferior e superior conjugada com um implante do tipo HE. O presente estudo é importante porque aborda os desafios atuais da implantação da prótese parcial removível combinada com o implante, um tema que ainda necessita de pesquisas de acompanhamento a longo prazo.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil dos usuários e identificar os trabalhos protéticos realizados em um serviço odontológico de uma policlínica militar. Foram incluídos prontuários abertos durante os anos de 2014 a 2016 com indicação de tratamento no serviço de prótese dentaria. Foram coletados dados sócios-demográficos e informações referentes ao tipo de trabalho protético planejado, o status do tratamento, o número de consultas clínicas e informações relacionadas a satisfação do usuário frente ao tratamento realizado. Dados relativos ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) das cidades cujos usuários residiam também foram analisados. A classificação de cada trabalho protético foi dada a partir da sua aplicabilidade. A amostra foi composta por 203 prontuários em que foram descritos 320 procedimentos protéticos. Destes prontuários avaliados, a maioria era de dependentes (34%), do sexo feminino (58,6%), casados (63,5%) com média de idade de 50 anos (±17,08). Em relação ao nível de escolaridade, a maior parte dos usuários (33,5%) tinha o 2º grau completo e era natural da região sudeste (80,8%). O município de Niterói, com IDH médio, era a residência de 47,3% da amostra (96 indivíduos). O principal motivo pela procura do atendimento protético foram as consultas de rotina (89,2%) e houve a conclusão dos trabalhos em 68,1% dos prontuários, predominando a prótese fixa seguida da prótese removível. Em relação a queixas durante o tratamento, em 71,9% dos prontuários não haviam relatos de pacientes insatisfeitos. O número médio de consultas para a realização dos procedimentos foi de 4 (±2,73), variando entre 1 e 15 consultas. Diante dos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que a maioria dos usuários do serviço são dependentes, do sexo feminino, casados, com o 2º grau completo, com média de idade 50 anos, residentes na sua maioria em Niterói-RJ e em municípios com IDH médio e que receberam prótese fixa seguida pela prótese removível.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of dental service users and to identify the prosthetic work performed at the Dentistry Division of the Military Polyclinic. Open charts were included during the years 2014 to 2016 with indication of treatment in the dental prosthesis service. Socio-demographic data and information regarding the type of planned prosthetic work, the status of the treatment, the number of clinical consultations and information related to the user's satisfaction with the treatment performed were collected. Data on the Human Development Index (HDI) of the cities whose users resided were also analyzed. The classification of each prosthetic work was given from its applicability. The sample consisted of 203 dental records in which 320 prosthetic procedures were described. Of these records, the majority were dependent (34%), female (58.6%), married (63.5%) and mean age 50 years (± 17.08). Regarding education level, the majority of users (33.5%) had a high school degree and were from the Southeast region (80.8%). The municipality of Niterói, with average HDI, was the residence of 47.3% of the sample (96 individuals). The main reason for the demand for prosthetic care was routine consultations (89.2%) and work was completed in 68.1% of the medical records, with fixed prosthesis predominating followed by removable prosthesis. Regarding complaints during treatment, there were no reports of dissatisfied patients in 71.9% of the records. The mean number of visits to the procedures was 4 (± 2.73), ranging from 1 to 15 visits. Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the majority of the users of the service are dependent, female, married, with a high school diploma, with a mean age of 50 years, residing mostly in Niterói-RJ and in municipalities with average HDI and who received fixed prosthesis followed by the removable prosthesis.

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RESUMEN Introducción: la producción del software educativo facilita al alumno la asimilación de los conceptos, consultas de documentación auxiliar y realización de ejercicios. Objetivo: elaborar un software educativo del tema instrumental y materiales para prótesis estomatológica de la carrera de Estomatología. Método: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en el campo de recursos del aprendizaje en la Clínica Estomatológica "Artemio Mastrapa Rodríguez", en Holguín, Cuba, desde enero de 2016 a enero de 2017. La muestra fue de 28 estudiantes y 18 profesores. La selección fue intencionada y aleatoria simple. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como: revisión bibliográfica-documental, inducción-deducción, análisis-síntesis y el cuestionario como método empírico. Resultados: se desarrollaron los contenidos de acuerdo con los objetivos esenciales y métodos de enseñanza y se conformaron los módulos del software. El 92,9% de los estudiantes y el 88,8% de los profesores calificaron el recurso de excelente. Conclusiones: se elaboró un software educativo que puede ser utilizado durante el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y el estudio independiente. La mayoría de los profesores y estudiantes evaluaron el software educativo de excelente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the educational softwares facilitate comprehension. Provide students a helpful tool for individual study and exercises solving. Objective: to create an educational software about dental prostheses materials and instruments for dentistry career. Method: research was carried out in the field of learning resources, at "Artemio Mastrapa" dental clinic in Holguin, from January 2016 to January 2017. Sample was 28 students and 18 teachers, all selected according to the purpose of the study. Theoretical methods were used, such as bibliographical and documental review, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and individual interviews as the empiric method. Results: creation of the software module with contents according to the signature objectives and the teaching methods. The 92.9% of students and 88.8% of teachers considered it excellent. Conclusions: the creation of an educational software for students and teachers. It was considered excellent by most of students and teachers interviewed.

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A medida que envejecemos, en la cavidad oral se producen cambios estructurales, por lo que adultos y adultos mayores requieren del uso de prótesis dental. Sin embargo, la implementación de la prótesis dental puede generar insatisfacción en relación a las diferentes funciones orofaciales. Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el propósito de determinar cómo el uso de prótesis dental afecta la función masticatoria en adultos mayores. La búsqueda consistió en artículos científicos originales en idioma español, inglés y portugués, sin límites temporales, en la base de datos PubMed y de forma manual. Se seleccionaron 45 artículos científicos tras la aplicación de filtros. El uso de prótesis dental afecta la función masticatoria en adultos y adultos mayores, siendo un factor crítico en términos de su nivel de satisfacción y calidad de vida, así como de la velocidad masticatoria, formación del bolo y preferencia de alimentos.

As we grow old, structural changes occur in the oral cavity, so elderly people require the use of dental prostheses. However, the implementation of the dental prosthesis can generate dissatisfaction in relation to the different orofacial functions. A literature review was conducted to determine how the use of dental prosthesis affects masticatory function in elderly people. The review consisted of original scientific articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese, without time limits, in the PubMed database and manually. Forty-five scientific articles were selected after the application of filters. The use of dental prosthesis affects chewing function in adults and older adults, being a critical factor in terms of their level of satisfaction and quality of life, as well as masticatory speed, bolus formation and food preference.

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Abstract Denture adhesives (DA) improve the retention and stability of ill-fitting dentures, especially for older adults. These materials should be biocompatible, i.e., they cannot cause undesired biological responses and be non-cytotoxic to oral tissues. However, in vitro testing of DA biocompatibility employing primary cell culture may possibly be affected by other factors, such as the donor age. Objective To compare the cytotoxicity of three different denture adhesives when assessed in primary gingival fibroblasts from a young donor or from an older donor, as well as the release of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and the inflammatory response marker interleukin-6 (IL-6). Material and Methods Gingival fibroblasts isolated from a 30- and a 62-year-old donor were assayed for proliferation (1-7 days) and sensitivity to latex (positive control). Fibroblasts were indirectly exposed to Corega Ultra (cream), Corega powder and Fixodent Original for a 24 h period and assayed by XTT and Crystal Violet tests. The release of IL-6 and bFGF by exposed cells was determined by ELISA. Results While cells from the young donor presented higher cell growth after 7 days, the sensitivity to increasing concentrations of latex extracts was very similar between young and older cells. Both XTT and CVDE detected no difference between the DA and the control group. All materials induced higher levels of IL-6 and bFGF compared to control. Cells from the older donor exposed to Corega Ultra released lower levels of cytokine and growth factor. Conclusions All materials were considered non-cytotoxic, but affected cytokine and growth factor release. The biological differences found between fibroblasts from both donors could be due to individual or age-related factors. The authors suggest the use of cells from older donors on studies of dental products aimed at older patients, to better simulate their physiological response.

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