RESUMO
En la última década, la odontología forense se ha enfocado en el desarrollo de metodologías para la estimación de edad (EE) debido a la gran demanda en procesos identificatorios. Entre esas técnicas, el conteo de anulaciones del cemento dental (TCA) ha ofrecido resultados promisorios, pero también contradictorios que han generado dudas sobre su precisión y confiabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar, establecer alcances, e identificar las limitaciones del conteo de TCA según los actuales estándares normativos y metodológicos. Se realizó una revisión con búsqueda sistemática del método de conteo de TCA para EE incluyendo estudios experimentales y notas técnicas en las bases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) y Embase. Se emplearon los términos "estimation", "age" y "cementum", con búsqueda manual complementaria en Google Scholar. Se excluyeron revisiones, estudios en colecciones arqueológicas, estudios radiológicos y cartas al editor. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 273 artículos, seleccionándose 27 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios fueron publicados en Asia, particularmente en India (n=21). Sólo 6 artículos declararon el número total de individuos, tipos de diente y de cortes histológicos, siendo el premolar el más estudiado. Apenas dos artículos evaluaron la calidad de la muestra a analizar mediante legibilidad de los cortes obtenidos. El test más empleado para evaluar la precisión del método fue el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (n=21). Estos hallazgos exponen la alta heterogeneidad reportada en las metodologías de EE mediante conteo por TCA, por lo que aún no existe un proceso estandarizado que abarque todas sus etapas y entregue resultados confiables siguiendo los estándares jurídicos actuales para la evidencia científica. Un mayor control de las limitaciones técnicas detectadas aumentará el valor como prueba en un contexto identificatorio legal o forense.
SUMMARY: In the last decade, forensic odontology has focused on the development of age estimation (AE) methodologies due to the great request in identification processes. Among these techniques, the tooth cementum annulation (TCA) count method has offered promising but also contradictory results, raising questions about its accuracy and reliability. The aim of this work was to characterize, establish the scope, and identify the limitations of the TCA count method according to the current normative and methodological standards. A scoping review was carried out for TCA count methods for AE, including experimental studies and technical notes in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Embase databases. The terms "estimation", "age" and "cementum" were used, with a complementary manual search in Google Scholar. Reviews, studies in archaeological collections, radiological studies and letters to the editor were excluded. The search yielded a total of 273 articles, selecting 27 of them that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were published in Asia, particularly India (n=21). Only 6 articles declared the total number of individuals, types of teeth, and histological sections, with the premolar being the most studied. Only two articles evaluated the quality of the sample to be analyzed through the legibility of the cuts obtained. The most widely used test to assess the precision of the method was the Pearson correlation coefficient (n=21). These findings expose the high heterogeneity reported in EE methodologies by counting TCA, so there is still no standardized process that covers in all its stages and delivers reliable results following current legal standards for scientific evidence. More control of the detected technical limitations will increase the value as evidence in a legal or forensic identification context.
Assuntos
Humanos , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes/métodos , Cemento Dentário/anatomia & histologia , Odontologia LegalRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether GSK-3 inhibition (CHIR99021) effectively promoted mineralization by cementoblasts (OCCM-30). OCCM-30 cells were used and treated with different concentrations of CHIR99021 (2.5, 5, and 10 mM). Experiments included proliferation and viability, cellular metabolic activity, gene expression, and mineral nodule formation by Xylene Orange at the experimental time points. In general, CHIR99021 did not significantly affect OCCM-30 viability and cell metabolism (MTT assay) (p > 0.05), but increased OCCM-30 proliferation at 2.5 mM on days 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). Data analysis further showed that inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in increased transcript levels of Axin2 in OCCM-30 cells starting as early as 4 h, and regulated the expression of key bone markers including alkaline phosphatase (Alp), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (Ocn), and osterix (Osx). In addition, CHIR99021 led to an enhanced mineral nodule formation in vitro under both osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions as early as 5 days after treatment. Altogether, the results of the current study suggest that inhibition of GSK-3 has the potential to promote cementoblast differentiation leading to increased mineral deposition in vitro.
RESUMO
SUMMARY: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different staining techniques on applicability and accuracy of tooth cementum annulation (TCA) method. Nine decalcination techniques, 8 dehydration protocols and 8 different techniques were applied in 3 teeth from the persons of a known age. Black and white, and color images of histological sections were captured. An x- ray was taken of each tooth and they were photographed. Researchers were asked to observe both black/white and color images of histological sections. Researchers were divided into two groups. The first group analyzed histological images only, and the second group had photos of teeth and X-rays. In the first group of observers (without X ray) the differences in age estimation between real and observed age were significant for 2 younger patients, but not for the oldest patient, where the observed and real values matched. Of the 6 raters, the assesments of the last 3 (that used x-ray images together with histological sections) did not differ significantly from the real values. Extensive analysis and multiple repetitions performed in the present investigation revealed that the most optimal method of decalcification for TCA method was EDTA II for a period longer than 14 days at a section thickness of 2-3mm, while the most optimal protocol for dehydration was number IV. When it comes to staining, the most optimal staining protocol used for the cemental lines visualization and counting was Crocein Scarlet/Acid Fuchsin staining and Toluidine blue staining used at semithin section. Additional use of preexperimental evaluation employing x-ray of analyzed teeth decreased the errors of age estimation.
RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes técnicas de tinción sobre la aplicación y precisión del método de anulación de cemento dental (TCA). Se usaron nueve técnicas de descalcinación, 8 protocolos de deshidratación y 8 técnicas diferentes en 3 dientes de personas de edad conocida. Se capturaron imágenes en blanco y negro y en color de cortes histológicos. Se tomó una radiografía de cada diente y se fotografiaron. Los investigadores observaron las imágenes en blanco y negro y en color de las secciones histológicas. Los investigadores se dividieron en dos grupos; el primer grupo analizó solo imágenes histológicas y el segundo grupo tenía fotografías de los dientes y las radiografías. En el primer grupo de observadores (sin rayos X) las diferencias en la estimación de la edad entre la edad real y la edad observada fueron significativas para 2 pacientes más jóvenes, pero no para el paciente de mayor edad, donde los valores observados y reales coincidieron. De los 6 evaluadores, las valoraciones de los 3 últimos (que utilizaron imágenes de rayos X junto con cortes histológicos) no difirieron significativamente de los valores reales. El análisis exhaustivo y las múltiples repeticiones realizadas en la presente investigación revelaron que el método de descalcificación más óptimo para el método TCA fue EDTA II durante un período superior a 14 días con un grosor de sección de 2-3 mm, mientras que el protocolo óptimo para la deshidratación fue el número IV. En lo que respecta a la tinción, el protocolo de tinción más óptimo utilizado para la visualización y el recuento de las líneas de cemento fue la tinción con croceína escarlata / fucsina ácida y la tinción con azul de toluidina utilizada en la sección semifina. El uso adicional de la evaluación pre-experimental que emplea los rayos X de los dientes analizados disminuyó los errores de estimación de la edad.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes/métodos , Cemento Dentário/anatomia & histologia , Odontologia LegalRESUMO
Amelogenin isoforms, including full-length amelogenin (AMEL) and leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), are major components of the enamel matrix, and are considered as signaling molecules in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulating tooth development and periodontal regeneration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify novel binding partners for amelogenin isoforms in the cementoblast (OCCM-30), using an affinity purification assay (GST pull-down) followed by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. Protein-protein interaction analysis for AMEL and LRAP evidenced the plasminogen activation system (PAS) as a potential player regulating OCCM-30 response to amelogenin isoforms. For functional assays, PAS was either activated (plasmin) or inhibited (ε-aminocaproic acid [aminocaproic]) in OCCM-30 cells and the cell morphology, mineral nodule formation, and gene expression were assessed. PAS inhibition (EACA 100 mM) dramatically decreased mineral nodule formation and expression of OCCM-30 differentiation markers, including osteocalcin (Bglap), bone sialoprotein (Ibsp), osteopontin (Spp1), tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) and collagen type I (Col1a1), and had no effect on runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx) mRNA levels. PAS activation (plasmin 5 µg/µl) significantly increased Col1a1 and decreased Bglap mRNA levels (p < .05). Together, our findings shed new light on the potential role of plasminogen signaling pathway in the control of the amelogenin isoform-mediated response in cementoblasts and provide new insights into the development of targeted therapies.
Assuntos
Amelogenina/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Cementogênese , Cemento Dentário/metabolismo , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/metabolismo , Plasminogênio/metabolismo , Amelogenina/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Ativação Enzimática , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Camundongos , Ligação Proteica , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Objetivo: relatar dois casos de displasia cemento-óssea florida, descrevendo a evolução clínico-radiográfica ao longo de 5 anos em um paciente assintomático e a abordagem cirúrgica em um caso sintomático. Relato de caso 1: paciente, melanoderma, sexo feminino, 56 anos de idade, encaminhada ao Serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial da Universidade Federal da Bahia, por cirurgião-dentista clínico que notou alterações imagiológicas em radiografia panorâmica de rotina. Apesar da importante extensão da lesão em maxila e mandíbula, não havia qualquer sintoma ou sinal clínico de infecção. A paciente foi acompanhada durante 5 anos, com exames de imagem bianuais e medidas clínicas profiláticas. Relato de caso 2: paciente, melanoderma, sexo feminino, 57 anos, apresentou-se ao ambulatório de cirurgia queixando-se de atraso em cicatrização após remoção de um dente. A radiografia panorâmica e a tomografia computadorizada, em conjunto com dados clínicos, permitiram o diagnóstico de displasia cemento-óssea florida com infecção secundária. A paciente foi abordada por meio de osteotomia em região do defeito em mandíbula. A análise microscópica do espécime obtido confirmou a alteração displásica cementoide. Os sinais e sintomas regrediram e a paciente segue em acompanhamento. Considerações finais: a displasia cemento-óssea florida, portanto, é uma doença pouco frequente, cujas manifestações podem demandar diferentes abordagens. É importante o domínio clínico do cirurgião-dentista, uma vez que o diagnóstico equivocado pode guiar a escolhas terapêuticas com resultados insatisfatórios. (AU)
Objective: the objective of this article is to report two cases of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia describing the clinical-radiographic evolution over 5 years in an asymptomatic patient and the surgical approach in a symptomatic one. Case report 1: patient, melanoderma, female, 56 years old, referred to the service by a clinical Dentist who noticed imaging alterations in a routine panoramic radiography. Despite the important extension of the maxillary and mandibular lesion, there was no clinical sign or symptom of infection. The patient has been followed for 5 years with biannual imaging exams and prophylactic clinical measures. Case report 2: patient, melanoderma, female, 57 years old, presented to the surgery outpatient complaining of delay in healing after removal of a tooth. Panoramic X-ray and Computed Tomography together with clinical data allowed the diagnosis of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia with secondary infection. The patient was approached through osteotomy in the region of the mandible defect. The microscopic analysis of the specimen confirmed the dysplastic cementenoid alteration. Signs and symptoms regressed and the patient is in follow up. Final considerations: florida cementoosseous dysplasia is an infrequent disease, whose manifestations may require different approaches. The clinical domain of the Dentist is important, since misdiagnosis can lead to therapeutic choices with unsatisfactory results. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteomielite/terapia , Displasia Fibrosa Óssea/terapia , Osteomielite/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Resultado do Tratamento , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Displasia Fibrosa Óssea/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteotomia Maxilar/métodosRESUMO
Abstract Nowadays, demand for esthetic restorations has risen considerably; thus, nonmetal esthetic posts made of either high-strength ceramics or reinforced resins, such as fiber-reinforced resin posts, have become more and more popular. Important characteristics of fiber-reinforced posts involve a modulus of elasticity similar to dentin and their ability to be cemented by an adhesive technique. A total of 36 maxillary incisors were divided into four groups. In this study, four adhesively luted fiber-reinforced (glass fiber, quartz glass fiber, zirconia glass fiber and woven polyethylene fiber ribbon) post systems were used. Post spaces were prepared by employing drills according to the protocol established for each group, and each post was adhesively luted with one of three adhesive systems. Three segments per root apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) were obtained by sectioning the root under distilled water with a carbon spare saw. The samples (total of 108 sections) were 2.0±0.1 mm in thickness and they were stored individually in black film canisters with sterile distilled water. In order to determine the bond strength, the bonding area of each specimen was measured, and specimens were attached to a device to test microtensile strength at a speed of 1 mm/min. The analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between the adhesive systems and fiber-reinforced posts. (P> 0.05). However, the coronal portion of the root dentin had the highest bond strength. Adhesive systems used along with fiber-reinforced resin posts demonstrated reliable bonding.
Assuntos
Humanos , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Cimentos de Resina/química , Coroas , Quartzo/química , Resistência à Tração , Zircônio , Esmalte Dentário , Cavidade Pulpar , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Dentina , VidroRESUMO
Abstract Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering the tooth root that functions in tooth attachment and post-eruptive adjustment of tooth position. It has been reported to be highly similar to bone in several respects but remains poorly understood in terms of development and regeneration. Here, we investigate whether cementocytes, the residing cells in cellular cementum, have the potential to be protagonist in cementum homeostasis, responding to endocrine signals and directing local cementum metabolism. Cells from healthy erupted human teeth were isolated using sequential collagenase/EDTA digestions, and maintained in standard cell culture conditions. A cementocyte-like cell line was cloned (HCY-23, for human cementocyte clone 23), which presented a cementocyte compatible gene expression signature, including the expression of dentin matrix protein 1 ( DMP1 ), sclerostin ( SOST ), and E11/gp38/podoplanin ( E11 ). In contrast, these cells did not express the odontoblast/dentin marker dentin sialoprotein ( DSPP ). HCY-23 cells produced mineral-like nodules in vitro under differentiation conditions, and were highly responsive to inorganic phosphate (Pi). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that cementocytes are phosphate-responsive cells, and have the potential do play a key role in periodontal homeostasis and regeneration.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Cemento Dentário/citologia , Fosfatos/farmacologia , Fosfoproteínas/análise , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Sialoglicoproteínas/análise , Sialoglicoproteínas/genética , Fatores de Tempo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análise , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Expressão Gênica , Linhagem Celular , Análise de Variância , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/análise , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Imunofluorescência , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/análise , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/genética , Cemento Dentário/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Dente Molar/citologiaRESUMO
La hipercementosis se presenta como depósitos de cemento en la raíz de uno o más dientes. Siendo más frecuente en dientes que están sometidos a fuerzas de oclusión, particularmente en pacientes con enfermedad de Paget. El aumento de cemento se depositará en una banda que se encuentra situada alrededor del tercio apical de la raíz, es de ayuda útil realizar una evaluación radiográfi ca antes de una extracción dental (AU)
Hypercementosis occurs as cement deposits in the root of one or more teeth. Being more frequent in teeth that are subjected to occlusion forces or in patients with Paget's disease. The cement increase can be deposited in a band that can be found near the apical third of the root, it is a dental aid that a radiographic evaluation is made before a dental extraction (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Cemento Dentário , Hipercementose , Artropatias , Osteíte Deformante , Estresse Mecânico , Raiz DentáriaRESUMO
En este trabajo se analizó el comportamiento de las posibles interfases producidas por algunos medios de fijación en la cementación de postes de fibra de vidrio. Para ello recurrimos a dos experimentos: Visualización microscópica de las posibles interfases y el análisis de la penetración de un colorante en la interfase del complejo dentina/ medio de fijación poste de fibra de vidrio. Se conformaron tres grupos de diez unidades experimentales para cada experimento respectivamente. Los materiales con los que se trabajó presentan algún tipo de adhesión a la estructura dentaria. Ellos son el Cemento de Ionómero vítreo convencional, Cemento de resina con adhesivo dentinario y Cemento resinoso autoacondicionante. Con esta investigación se espera poder determinar cuál es el medio de fijación que posibilite la menor interfase en el complejo dentina-medio de fijación- poste de fibra de vidrio (AU)
In this work the behavior of the possible interfaces produced by some fixation media in the cementation of fiberglass poles was analyzed. To do this we used two experiments: Microscopic visualization of the possible interfaces and the analysis of the penetration of a dye in the interface of the dentin complex / fixation medium - glass fiber post. Three groups of ten experimental units were formed for each experiment, respectively. The materials with which they were worked present some type of adhesion to the dental structure. They are conventional Vitreous Ionomer Cement, Resin Cement with Dentin Adhesive and Self-Adhesion Resin Cement. With this research it is expected to be able to determine which is the fixation medium that allows the smallest interface in the dentine complex-fixation medium-fiber glass post (AU)
Assuntos
Cimentação , Dentina , Adesivos Dentinários , Vidro , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Técnica para Retentor Intrarradicular , Cimentos de Resina , Cerâmica , Colorimetria , Estudos Transversais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , ZircônioRESUMO
Abstract Periodontal regeneration is still a challenge in terms of predictability and magnitude of effect. In this study we assess the biological effects of combining chemical root conditioning and biological mediators on three relevant cell types for periodontal regeneration. Material and Methods: Bovine dentin slices were conditioned with 25% citric acid followed by topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 10 and 50 ng). We used ELISA to assess the dynamics of bFGF release from the dentin surface and RT-qPCR to study the expression of Runx2, Col1a1, Bglap and fibronectin by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts, cementoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) grown onto these dentin slices. We also assessed the effects of topical application of bFGF on cell proliferation by quantification of genomic DNA. Results: Acid conditioning significantly increased the release of bFGF from dentin slices. Overall, bFGF application significantly (p<0.05) increased cell proliferation, except for BMSC grown on non-conditioned dentin slices. Dentin substrate discretely increased expression of Col1a1 in all cell types. Expression of Runx2, Col1a1 and Fn was either unaffected or inhibited by bFGF application in all cell types. We could not detect expression of the target genes on BMSC grown onto conditioned dentin. Conclusion: Acid conditioning of dentin improves the release of topically-applied bFGF. Topical application of bFGF had a stimulatory effect on proliferation of PDL fibroblasts, cementoblasts and BMSC, but did not affect expression of Runx2, Col1a1, Bglap and fibronectin by these cells.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Regeneração/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrices (ECM) of dentoalveolar tissues can provide insights into developmental, pathological, and reparative processes. However, targeted dissection of mineralized tissues, dental cementum (DC), alveolar bone (AB), and dentin (DE), presents technical difficulties. We demonstrate an approach combining EDTA decalcification and laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to analyze proteome profiles of these tissues. Using the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach, a total of 243 proteins was identified from all tissues, 193 proteins in DC, 147 in AB, and 135 proteins DE. Ninety proteins (37% of total) were common to all tissues, whereas 52 proteins (21%) were overlapping in only two. Also, 101 (42%) proteins were exclusively detected in DC (60), AB (15), or DE (26). Identification in all tissues of expected ECM proteins including collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1), collagen alpha-1(XII) chain (COL12A1), biglycan (BGN), asporin (ASPN), lumican (LUM), and fibromodulin (FMOD), served to validate the approach. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering identified a high degree of similarity in DC and AB proteomes, whereas DE presented a distinct dataset. Exclusively and differentially identified proteins were detected from all three tissues. The protein-protein interaction network (interactome) of DC was notable for its inclusion of several indicators of metabolic function (e.g. mitochondrial proteins, protein synthesis, and calcium transport), possibly reflecting cementocyte activity. The DE proteome included known and novel mineralization regulators, including matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP-20), 5' nucleotidase (NT5E), and secreted phosphoprotein 24 (SPP-24 or SPP-2). Application of the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach to dentoalveolar tissues would be of value in many experimental designs, including developmental studies of transgenic animals, investigation of treatment effects, and identification of novel regenerative factors.
Assuntos
Proteômica/métodos , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida , Cemento Dentário/metabolismo , Dentina/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microdissecção , Odontogênese/genética , Odontogênese/fisiologia , Análise de Componente Principal , Proteoma/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Embora tenha havido avanço no entendimento da homeostase do cemento dental, o papel deste tecido e sua biologia permanecem não completamente elucidados. Este estudo buscou fornecer informações sobre os conhecimentos mais recente relacionados à biologia do cemento dental, com o objetivo de discutir o papel exercido por este tecido em condições não fisiológicas nos tecidos periodontais. Devido aos avanços na exploração do tecido ósseo, que compartilha diversas características similares, a pesquisa abrangente sobre o cemento dental tem sido encorajada, a fim de esclarecer a função completa deste tecido na homeostase periodontal e regeneração. Desta forma, no presente trabalho, sempre que possível será feito um paralelo entre osso alveolar e cemento dental. O desenvolvimento de metodologias e técnicas celulares e moleculares avançadas possibilitou um melhor entendimento do comportamento do cemento em situações diversas, como quando em situações patológicas, como a doença periodontal, e até mesmo frente à regeneração tecidual. Ademais, estudos clínicos e em modelo animal demonstraram resultados em relação à formação de cemento em abordagens regenerativas. No entanto, sugere-se que estudos posteriores possam contribuir para um melhor conhecimento sobre o cemento e o perfil celular dos cementoblastos e cementócitos, bem como suas interações para fornecer novos insights para o desenvolvimento de terapias eficientes e mais previsíveis para regeneração dos tecidos periodontais. Apesar dos avanços dos estudos clínicos e laboratoriais, pôde-se concluir que inúmeras questões referentes à biologia do cemento permanecem não esclarecidas.
Although some progress has been made to understand dental cementum homeostasis, its role and biology remains not completely elucidated. This study aimed to provide information on the recent knowledge related to the dental cementum biology, in order to discuss the role of this tissue in physiological and non-physiological conditions in the periodontal tissues. Due to advances in the exploration of bone tissue, which shares several similar features, comprehensive research on dental cementum has been encouraged in order to clarify the complete function of this tissue in periodontal homeostasis and regenerative approach. Novel methodologies and advanced cellular and molecular techniques provided better understanding of cementum in different circumstances, as pathological situations such as periodontal disease and even tissue regeneration. In addition, clinical and animal model designs show positive outcomes to cementum formation in regenerative approaches, however, it is suggested that further studies may contribute to better understand cementum tissue and cementoblasts and cementocytes profile, as well as their interactions, providing new insights to develop efficient and more predictable therapies for periodontal tissue regeneration. Despite advances in clinical and laboratory studies, it can be concluded that many questions regarding the cementum biology remain unclear.
Assuntos
Humanos , Osso e Ossos , Regeneração Óssea , Cementogênese , Cemento Dentário/anatomia & histologia , Cemento Dentário/fisiologia , Doenças PeriodontaisRESUMO
O cementoblastoma benigno ou cementoma verdadeiro é uma neoplasia odontogênica benigna. Acredita-se que essa lesão é a única neoplasia verdadeira do cemento. Ela apresenta incidência entre 1 e 6,2% dentre os tumores odontogênicos, o que vem a tornála rara. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente com diagnóstico de cementoblastoma benigno, enfatizando as peculiaridades desse tumor, a importância do diagnóstico correto e o estabelecimento de um tratamento adequado, bem como ressaltar a importância da proservação do caso.
Benign cementoblastoma or true cementoma is a benign odontogenic tumour. It is believed that this lesion presents the unique true cementum neoplasm. It is a rare lesion comprising 1 to 6,2% of odontogenic tumours. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report the case of a patient diagnosed with benign cementoblastoma, emphasizing the peculiarities of this tumor, the importance of correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment setting, as well as underscoring the importance of proactive observation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Cirurgia Bucal , Cementoma , Tumores Odontogênicos , Cemento Dentário , Ferimentos e LesõesRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Dental cementum (DC) covers the tooth root and has important functions in tooth attachment and position. DC can be lost to disease, and regeneration is currently unpredictable due to limited understanding of DC formation. This study used a model of experimentally-induced apposition (EIA) in mice to identify proteins associated with new DC formation. Mandibular first molars were induced to super-erupt for 6 and 21days after extracting opposing maxillary molars. Decalcified and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mandible sections were prepared for laser capture microdissection. Microdissected protein extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the data submitted to repeated measure ANOVA test (RM-ANOVA, alpha=5%). A total of 519 proteins were identified, with 97 (18.6%) proteins found exclusively in EIA sites and 50 (9.6%) proteins exclusively expressed in control sites. Fifty six (10.7%) proteins were differentially regulated by RM-ANOVA (p<0.05), with 24 regulated by the exclusive effect of EIA (12 proteins) or the interaction between EIA and time (12 proteins), including serpin 1a, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer, tenascin X (TNX), and asporin (ASPN). In conclusion, proteomic analysis demonstrated significantly altered protein profile in DC under EIA, providing new insights on DC biology and potential candidates for tissue engineering applications. SIGNIFICANCE: Dental cementum (DC) is a mineralized tissue that covers the tooth root surface and has important functions in tooth attachment and position. DC and other periodontal tissues can be lost to disease, and regeneration is currently unpredictable due to lack of understanding of DC formation. This study used a model of experimentally-induced apposition (EIA) in mice to promote new cementum formation, followed by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic analysis. This approach identified proteins associated with new cementum formation that may be targets for promoting cementum regeneration.
Assuntos
Cemento Dentário/fisiologia , Proteoma/análise , Regeneração , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Ligamento Periodontal , Proteínas/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Raiz DentáriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the influence of platelet-rich plasma derived from bone marrow aspirate (PRP-BMA) on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects in rats. METHODS: Periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created in the mandibles of 40 rats. The animals were randomly divided into two groups, control and PRP-BMA, in which defects were filled with blood clot or PRP-bma, respectively. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days post-surgery. Histologic, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Percentage of new bone area (NBA), area of bone trabeculae (ABT), new cementum (NC), and extension of remaining defect were histometrically evaluated. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) immunohistochemical staining were performed. Immunolabeled cells were quantified. Data were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance; Tukey, P <0.05). RESULTS: At 10 days, control and PRP-BMA groups presented similar amounts of NBA and ABT; NC formation was not observed. At 30 days, control and PRP-BMA groups presented similar amounts of NBA and ABT; the PRP-BMA group showed NC formation with collagen fibers inserted obliquely or perpendicularly to the root surface. NC formation was not observed in any control group specimen. PRP- BMA presented higher numbers of PCNA-positive and BSP-positive cells than control at 10 and 30 days post-surgery. No significant differences in the number of either OCN-positive or TRAP-positive cells were observed between groups at 10 or 30 days. CONCLUSION: PRP-BMA promoted NC formation with a functional periodontal ligament when applied at experimental periodontal fenestration defects.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/terapia , Células da Medula Óssea/fisiologia , Cementogênese/fisiologia , Doenças Mandibulares/terapia , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas/fisiologia , Fosfatase Ácida/análise , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Coagulação Sanguínea/fisiologia , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Colágeno/ultraestrutura , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Cemento Dentário/patologia , Inflamação , Sialoproteína de Ligação à Integrina/análise , Isoenzimas/análise , Masculino , Doenças Mandibulares/patologia , Necrose , Osteocalcina/análise , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Ligamento Periodontal/patologia , Contagem de Plaquetas , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a Tartarato , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psychologic stress and clinical hypercortisolism have been related to direct effects on bone metabolism. However, there is a lack of information regarding the outcomes of regenerative approaches under the influence of chronic stress (CS). Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used in periodontal regenerative procedures, resulting in improvement of clinical parameters. Thus, the aim of this histomorphometric study is to evaluate the healing of periodontal defects after treatment with EMD under the influence of CS in the rat model. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups; G1: CS (restraint stress for 12 hours/day) (n = 10), and G2: not exposed to CS (n = 10). Fifteen days after initiation of CS, fenestration defects were created at the buccal aspect of the first mandibular molar of all animals from both groups. After the surgeries, the defects of each animal were randomly assigned to two subgroups: non-treated control and treated with EMD. The animals were euthanized 21 days later. RESULTS: G1 showed less bone density (BD) compared to G2. EMD provided an increased defect fill (DF) in G1 and higher BD and new cementum formation (NCF) in both groups. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts was significantly higher in G1 when compared to G2 and in EMD-treated sites of both groups. CONCLUSIONS: CS may produce a significant detrimental effect on BD. EMD may provide greater DF compared to non-treated control in the presence of CS and increased BD and NCF in the presence or absence of CS.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/terapia , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/uso terapêutico , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Fosfatase Ácida/análise , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Cementogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Cementogênese/fisiologia , Cemento Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Cemento Dentário/cirurgia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/cirurgia , Isoenzimas/análise , Masculino , Mandíbula/efeitos dos fármacos , Mandíbula/patologia , Osteoclastos/patologia , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/cirurgia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Psicológico/patologia , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a TartaratoRESUMO
Este estudo avaliou a influência do plasma rico em plaquetas derivado do aspirado de medula óssea (PRP-bma) na cicatrização de defeitos de fenestração periodontal (PFD) em ratos. PFD foram criados cirurgicamente na mandíbula de 40 ratos. Os animais foram divididos randomicamente em 2 grupos: C e PRP-bma os defeitos foram preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo ou PRP-bma, respectivamente. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 10 ou 30 dias pós-operatórios. Foram realizadas análises histológica, histométrica e imunoistoquímica. A porcentagem de novo osso (NB), densidade do novo osso formado (DNB), novo cemento (NC) e extensão do defeito remanescente (ERD) foram avaliados histometricamente. Foram realizadas reações imunoistoquímicas para detecção de antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA), sialoproteína óssea (BSP), osteocalcina (OCN) e fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP). Células imunomarcadas foram quantificadas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (ANOVA; Tukey, P < 0,05). Aos 10 dias, os grupos C e PRP-bma apresentaram quantidades similares de NB e DNB, e não foi observada formação de NC. Aos 30 dias, os grupos C e PRP-bma apresentaram quantidades similares de NB e DNB; o Grupo PRP-bma mostrou significativa formação de NC, com fibras colágenas inseridas obliquamente ou perpendicularmente à superfície radicular, sendo que nenhum espécime do Grupo C apresentou formação de NC. O Grupo PRP-bma apresentou um número significativamente maior de células PCNA-postivas (aos 10 dias) e BSP-positivas (aos 10 e 30 dias) que o Grupo C. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no número de células OCN-positivas ou TRAP-positivas entre os grupos aos 10 ou 30 dias. Pode-se concluir que o PRP-bma promoveu formação de NC com ligamento periodontal funcional
This study evaluated the influence of platelet-rich plasma derived from bone marrow aspirate (PRP-bma) on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects (PFD) in rats. PFD were surgically created in the mandible of 40 rats. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: C and PRP-bma defects were filled with blood clot or PRP-bma, respectively. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days post-operative. Histologic, histometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Percentage of new bone (NB), density of newly formed bone (DNB), new cementum (NC) and extension of remaining defect (ERD) were histometrically evaluated. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) immunohistochemical staining were performed. Immunolabeled cells were quantified. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA; Tukey, P < 0.05). At 10 days, groups C and PRP-bma presented similar amounts of NB and DNB, NC formation was not observed. At 30 days, groups C and PRP-bma presented similar amounts of NB and DNB; Group PRP-bma showed significant NC formation, with collagen fibers inserted obliquely or perpendicularly to the root surface, while NC formation was not observed in any Group C specimen. Group PRP-bma presented a significantly higher number of PCNA-positive (at 10 days) and BSP-positive cells (at 10 and 30 days) than Group C. No significant differences in the number of either OCN-positive or TRAP-positive cells were observed between groups at 10 or 30 days. It can be concluded that PRP-bma promoted NC formation with a functional periodontal ligament
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Medula Óssea , Cemento Dentário , Periodontia , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Cicatrização , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Este estudo avaliou a influência do plasma rico em plaquetas derivado do aspirado de medula óssea (PRP-bma) na cicatrização de defeitos de fenestração periodontal (PFD) em ratos. PFD foram criados cirurgicamente na mandíbula de 40 ratos. Os animais foram divididos randomicamente em 2 grupos: C e PRP-bma os defeitos foram preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo ou PRP-bma, respectivamente. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 10 ou 30 dias pós-operatórios. Foram realizadas análises histológica, histométrica e imunoistoquímica. A porcentagem de novo osso (NB), densidade do novo osso formado (DNB), novo cemento (NC) e extensão do defeito remanescente (ERD) foram avaliados histometricamente. Foram realizadas reações imunoistoquímicas para detecção de antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA), sialoproteína óssea (BSP), osteocalcina (OCN) e fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP). Células imunomarcadas foram quantificadas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (ANOVA; Tukey, P < 0,05). Aos 10 dias, os grupos C e PRP-bma apresentaram quantidades similares de NB e DNB, e não foi observada formação de NC. Aos 30 dias, os grupos C e PRP-bma apresentaram quantidades similares de NB e DNB; o Grupo PRP-bma mostrou significativa formação de NC, com fibras colágenas inseridas obliquamente ou perpendicularmente à superfície radicular, sendo que nenhum espécime do Grupo C apresentou formação de NC. O Grupo PRP-bma apresentou um número significativamente maior de células PCNA-postivas (aos 10 dias) e BSP-positivas (aos 10 e 30 dias) que o Grupo C. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no número de células OCN-positivas ou TRAP-positivas entre os grupos aos 10 ou 30 dias. Pode-se concluir que o PRP-bma promoveu formação de NC com ligamento periodontal funcional...
This study evaluated the influence of platelet-rich plasma derived from bone marrow aspirate (PRP-bma) on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects (PFD) in rats. PFD were surgically created in the mandible of 40 rats. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: C and PRP-bma defects were filled with blood clot or PRP-bma, respectively. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days post-operative. Histologic, histometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Percentage of new bone (NB), density of newly formed bone (DNB), new cementum (NC) and extension of remaining defect (ERD) were histometrically evaluated. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) immunohistochemical staining were performed. Immunolabeled cells were quantified. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA; Tukey, P < 0.05). At 10 days, groups C and PRP-bma presented similar amounts of NB and DNB, NC formation was not observed. At 30 days, groups C and PRP-bma presented similar amounts of NB and DNB; Group PRP-bma showed significant NC formation, with collagen fibers inserted obliquely or perpendicularly to the root surface, while NC formation was not observed in any Group C specimen. Group PRP-bma presented a significantly higher number of PCNA-positive (at 10 days) and BSP-positive cells (at 10 and 30 days) than Group C. No significant differences in the number of either OCN-positive or TRAP-positive cells were observed between groups at 10 or 30 days. It can be concluded that PRP-bma promoted NC formation with a functional periodontal ligament...
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Medula Óssea , Cemento Dentário , Periodontia , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Cicatrização , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Dental cementum (DC) is a bone-like tissue covering the tooth root and responsible for attaching the tooth to the alveolar bone (AB) via the periodontal ligament (PDL). Studies have unsuccessfully tried to identify factors specific to DC versus AB, in an effort to better understand DC development and regeneration. The present study aimed to use matched human DC and AB samples (n=7) to generate their proteomes for comparative analysis. Bone samples were harvested from tooth extraction sites, whereas DC samples were obtained from the apical root portion of extracted third molars. Samples were denatured, followed by protein extraction reduction, alkylation and digestion for analysis by nanoAcquity HPLC system and LTQ-FT Ultra. Data analysis demonstrated that a total of 318 proteins were identified in AB and DC. In addition to shared proteins between these tissues, 105 and 83 proteins exclusive to AB or DC were identified, respectively. This is the first report analyzing the proteomic composition of human DC matrix and identifying putative unique and enriched proteins in comparison to alveolar bone. These findings may provide novel insights into developmental differences between DC and AB, and identify candidate biomarkers that may lead to more efficient and predictable therapies for periodontal regeneration. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent disease affecting the world population, which involves breakdown of the tooth supporting tissues, the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and dental cementum. The lack of knowledge on specific factors that differentiate alveolar bone and dental cementum limits the development of more efficient and predictable reconstructive therapies. In order to better understand cementum development and potentially identify factors to improve therapeutic outcomes, we took the unique approach of using matched patient samples of dental cementum and alveolar bone to generate and compare a proteome list for each tissue. A potential biomarker for dental cementum was identified, superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), which is found in cementum and cementum-associated cells in mouse, pig, and human tissues. These findings may provide novel insights into developmental differences between alveolar bone and dental cementum, and represent the basis for improved and more predictable therapies.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Cemento Dentário/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Dentina/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Dente Molar/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Proteômica , Regeneração , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Raiz DentáriaRESUMO
Durante la vida del diente en boca se deposita cemento celular en el ápice a fin de compensar el desgaste oclusal considerado normal. Al extraer un diente, en raras ocasiones es posible visualizar excesos de cemento con forma de perlas bien delimitados y duros al tacto, ubicados en otro sector radicular diferente al ápice. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar estructuras en ambos tipos de cemento a fin de hallar diferencias histológicas. Se utilizaron 20 dientes permanentes con perlas (G1) y 20 con raíces normales (G2). Las raíces de G1 se cortaron con disco metálico de grano fino a baja velocidad en sentido transversal, a la altura de la parte más prominente de la protuberancia, las raíces de G2 se marcaron en tercios y se cortaron en sentido transversal aproximadamente a la altura de la mitad del tercio apical y de ambos grupos se obtuvieron un segmento que fue reservado y otro que fue preparado con técnica por desgaste para visualización con MO a menor y mayor aumentos. Los resultados se compararon con prueba t de student, las variables categóricas se compararon con pruebas de Fisher significación 5 por ciento. Se obtuvieron 40 dientes de pacientes adultos, 42,5 por ciento masculinos y 57,5 por ciento femeninos, edad promedio 61+/-16 en G1 y 55+/-18 en G2 (p=0,289). El contorno exterior de las perlas fue liso, conservando su perímetro, la zona granular de Tomes fue visible al igual que las lagunas, que fueron menos abundantes, de mayor tamaño y con distribución desordenada llegando en menor proporción al borde del tejido comparado con cemento normal.
During tooth life in mouth cellular cement settles in the apex in order to compensate the occlusal wear considered normal. After a tooth extraction, on rare occasions it is possible to visualize cement excesses with pearls form well delimited and hard to tact, located in another radicular sector different of the apex. Our aim was to compare structures in both types of cement in order to find histological differences. Consequently, 20 permanent teeth with pearls (G1) and 20 with normal roots (G2) were used. G1 roots were cut by a thin grain metallic disc at low speed in transverse sense, at the height of the protuberance most prominent part; G2 roots were marked in thirds and cut in transverse sense at the half of the third apical. From both groups a segment was obtained to be reserved and other one that was prepared by erosion technology to be visualized by MO at minor and major increases. Results were compared with student t test, categorical variables with Fisher's tests significance 5 percent. Forty adult patients teeth were obtained, male 42.5 percent and female 57.5 percent, age average in G1 61+/-16 and 55+/-18 in G2 (p=0.289). Pearls exterior face was smooth, with a preserved perimeter, Tomes granular zone was visible as were lagoons, which were less abundant, greater in size and with uneven distribution arriving at tissue border in a lesser proportion compared with normal cement.