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Os dentes supranumerários são descritos como uma espécie de anomalia dentária, determinada pela formação de dentes além daqueles pertencentes à dentição convencional, que geralmente promovem complicações na cavidade oral. Diversos fatores etiológicos podem estar relacionados e de acordo com sua localização, são classificados em mesiodens, distomolar e paramolar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e descrever a exodontia de um elemento supranumerário paramolar em região de maxila, bem como a remoção cirúrgica do primeiro molar com destruição coronária em região subjacente, através de um relato de caso. Paciente E.M.J., sexo feminino, 38 anos de idade, ASA 1, procurou atendimento odontológico devido à queixa principal de dor em região do 1° molar superior esquerdo. Ao exame físico e radiográfico, foi observada grande destruição coronária do elemento 26 associado a uma fístula intraoral, além da presença de dente supranumerário paramolar na região vestibular do dente 26. O tratamento preconizado foi a remoção cirúrgica de ambos elementos e a paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências no pós-operatório. Desta maneira, pode-se concluir que a remoção cirúrgica de dente supranumerário paramolar e de unidade dentária com grande destruição coronária por lesão cariosa, mostrou-se uma alternativa segura e eficaz no presente caso.

Supernumerary teeth are described as a kind of dental anomaly, determined by the teeth´s formation other than those belonging to the conventional dentition, which generally promote complications in the oral cavity. Several etiological factors may be related and, according to their location, they are classified into mesiodens, distomolar and paramolar. This study aims to present and describe the extraction of a paramolar supernumerary element in the maxillary region, as well as the surgical removal of the first molar with coronary destruction in the underlying region, through a case report. Patient E.M.J., female, 38 years old, ASA 1, sought dental care due to the main complaint of pain in the region of the upper left 1st molar. At the clinical and radiographic examination, a great coronal destruction of element 26 associated with a intraoral fistula was observed, in addition to the presence of a supernumerary paramolar tooth on the buccal side of tooth 26. The recommended treatment was the surgical removal of both elements and the patient evolved uneventfully in the post-operative. Thus, it can be concluded that the surgical removal of a supernumerary paramolar tooth and a dental unit with great coronary destruction due to a carious lesion proved to be a safe and effective alternative in the present case.

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RESUMEN Las anomalías dentarias son producidas por alteraciones en la odontogénesis que se refleja en la variación de tamaño, número y forma de los dientes. Dentro de estas alteraciones se encuentra la fusión dentaria que se considera como la unión de dos gérmenes dentarios que forman una estructura dentaria grande y única. La fusión de las molares es poco habitual tiene una prevalencia muy baja. En el presente caso el diagnóstico fue tercera molar fusionada a cuarta molar retenida en posición vertical. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue la exodoncia a colgajo; para el éxito de la misma se tuvo en cuenta: 1) visualización completa de la corona y 2) eliminación de trabas que impidan la luxación y la avulsión de las piezas fusionadas. Finalmente, la exodoncia se llevó a cabo de manera exitosa.

ABSTRACT Dental anomalies are produced by alterations in odontogenesis which is reflected in the variation in size, number and shape of the teeth. Among these alterations is dental fusion, which is considered as the union of two dental germs that form a large and unique dental structure. The fusion of the molars is rare and has a very low prevalence. In the present case, the diagnosis was that the third molar fused to the fourth retained molar in an upright position. The surgical treatment was flap extraction. For a successful extraction, the following was considered: 1) full visibility of the crown and 2) elimination of obstacles that prevent dislocation and avulsion of the fused pieces. At last, the extraction was carried out successfully.

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ABSTRACT The atrophy of the periodontal ligament places the tooth very close to the bone or another tooth, as occurs in unerupted teeth. The absent interdental bone and the lack of functional periodontal stimulus may lead to the fusion of the appositional layers of cement between the roots of the teeth. Concrescence almost always occurs in the region of the maxillary molars. Asymptomatic, it should always be remembered when the proper response to orthodontic movement is not obtained, and there is no apparent explanation. When surgically extracting a tooth and there is resistance, insisting will not be the best strategy. Moving the teeth with concrescence is not convenient, as it requires very intense forces. Once separated, these teeth can be considered normal for movement. It is possible to separate two teeth presenting concrescence, but it depends on the extension of the area, the surgical access and, especially, the clinical convenience. The tooth to be extracted will be repaired with new cement deposited in the sectioned area. The simple separation with the maintenance of the proximity and the lack of function of one of the teeth will cause a new concrescence. After a period of 1 to 3 months, the separated teeth are biologically prepared to be moved. The most important detail in this separation of teeth presenting concrescence is that the diagnosis should be made in advance, and not at the time of the intervention.

RESUMO A atrofia do ligamento periodontal coloca o dente muito próximo do osso e/ou de outro dente, como ocorre em dentes não irrompidos. O osso interdentário ausente e a falta de estímulo funcional periodontal podem levar à fusão das camadas aposicionais de cemento entre as raízes dos dentes. A concrescência ocorre quase sempre na região dos molares superiores. Assintomática, ela deve sempre ser lembrada quando não se obtém a resposta adequada a uma movimentação ortodôntica, sem uma explicação aparente. Cirurgicamente, quando se está extraindo o dente e ele oferece resistência, insistir não será a melhor estratégia. Movimentar os dentes com concrescência não é conveniente, pois requer forças muito intensas. Depois de separados, esses dentes podem ser considerados normais para a movimentação. É possível separar dois dentes em concrescência, mas depende da extensão da área, do acesso cirúrgico e, em especial, da conveniência clínica. O dente a ser extraído vai reparar-se, com novo cemento depositado na região seccionada. A simples separação, com manutenção da proximidade e da falta de função de um dos dentes, fará com que uma nova concrescência se estabeleça. Transcorrido o período de 1 a 3 meses, os dentes separados poderão, biologicamente, ser movimentados. O detalhe mais importante nessa separação de dentes com concrescência é que o diagnóstico deve ser feito com antecedência, e não no momento da intervenção.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of dental anomaly presentation in permanent teeth in a group of Colombian children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and to determine the frequency of the anomalies according to the cleft type. METHODS: An analytical matched case-control study was conducted with 210 controls and 210 patients with NSCLP. The patients were classified into 3 groups: complete right unilateral cleft lip and palate (RCLP), complete left unilateral cleft lip and palate (LCLP), and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to analyze paired samples (Bonferroni adjustment, P ≤ .002). RESULTS: A high risk of finding agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors, supernumerary teeth, microdontia of the maxillary lateral incisors, and rotation of the maxillary central incisors adjacent to the cleft (P < .0001) was observed in the patients with NSCLP. One or more dental anomalies were found in 98% of patients with BCLP, in 96% of those with LCLP, and in 87% of those with RCLP. Most of the anomalies were located on the cleft area. The incidence relative risk (IRR) of anomalies was highest in patients with BCLP (IRR: 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.76-16.3), followed by in those with LCLP (IRR: 8.51; 95% CI: 5.64-12.8). CONCLUSIONS: Most dental anomalies were found in the cleft area; this was expected because the cleft area was the most affected in the patients included in this study.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a presença de associação fenótipo-genotípico entre TGFA (Fator de Crescimento Transformante α) (C/T rs1523305), IRF6 (Fator Regulatório Interferon 6) (A/C rs2013162) e MSX1 (Segmento Muscular Homeobox 1) (A/G rs12532) e anomalias dentárias em pacientes com malclusão esquelética. Para tanto, dois estudos prévios foram realizados com os objetivos de (I) determinar se indivíduos com discrepâncias esqueléticas de Classe II ou III apresentam uma maior frequência de anomalias dentárias em comparação com indivíduos com maloclusão de Classe I e (II) comparar quatro diferentes métodos de coleta salivar e de células bucais [Expectoração da Saliva (1), Expectoração da Saliva com Estímulo Lingual (2), Raspagem com Escova Citológica (3) e Raspagem com Escova Citológica mais Expectoração da Saliva (4)] para extração de DNA genômico, avaliando sua concentração e pureza. Na revisão sistemática, foi realizada uma busca nas principais bases de dados da literatura científica médica eletrônica. Estudos observacionais foram selecionados se fossem mencionadas anomalias dentárias nos diferentes padrões de maloclusão esquelética. Foi adotado um conjunto de critérios para elegibilidade do estudo, com base na estratégia PECOS (População: maxila e mandíbula; Exposição: discrepâncias esqueléticas; Comparação: padrão de normalidade; e Resultado: anomalias dentárias). Cinco estudos retrospectivos contendo 7679 participantes foram classificados e considerados elegíveis para a revisão sistemática. A amostra do estudo II foi composta por 20 participantes. As coletas foram realizadas com intervalo de no mínimo um dia entre elas e foram armazenadas a -20°C até a extração do DNA ser realizada (Qiagen®). O estudo III foi composto por uma amostra de 505 registros ortodônticos. Dezenove pontos cefalométricos, serviram para a obtenção dos ângulos e medidas utilizados para a caracterização esquelética, utilizando-se o Software Dolphin. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas de todos os participantes e o DNA foi extraído, diluído e quantificado. Os genes TGFA, IRF6 e MSX1 foram usados para reações de PCR em tempo real. Os testes Razão de chance, Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher, T independente e coeficiente de correlação (nível de significância = 95%) foram realizados. A partir da revisão sistemática, concluiu-se que indivíduos com padrões de maloclusão esquelética têm mais anomalias dentárias. Após a análise estatística, não foi observado dimorfismo sexual em relação à concentração de DNA (p = 0,76), idade (p = 0,91) e etnias (p = 0,72). Não houve diferença significativa entre os métodos de coleta em relação à quantidade e pureza do DNA extraído (p≥0,05). O gene IRF6 foi associado com a ME Classe III (p = 0,04, OR = 0,69, IC 0,49-0,98) e o gene MSX1 foi associado ao padrão de crescimento hipodivergente (p=0,003, OR=0,5, IC 0,36-0,74) e ME Classe II (p=0,0001, OR=0,6, IC 0,46-0,78). Em relação a AD, o gene MSX1 também foi associado à impactação (p=0,03, OR=0,67, IC 0,47-0,96) e dilaceração (p=0,04, OR=0,27, IC 0,07-0,977). MSX1 associouse ao padrão de crescimento hipodivergente e Classe II, e impactação e dilaceração, mostrando que existe uma associação genética entre anomalias dentárias e maloclusões esqueléticas. (AU)

The objective of the present study was to verify the phenotype-genotype association between TGFA (Transforming Growth Factor α) (C/T rs1523305), IRF6 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 6) (A/C rs2013162) and MSX1 (Muscle Segment Homeobox 1) (A/G rs12532) and dental anomalies in patients with skeletal malocclusion. Two previous studies were carried out with the objective of (I) to determine if individuals with Class II or III skeletal discrepancies present a higher frequency of dental anomalies compared to individuals with Class I malocclusion and (II) to compare four different types of saliva and oral buccal cell collecting methods for genomic DNA extraction: (1)Expectoration of saliva, (2)Expectoration of saliva with lingual stimulation, (3)Scraping with cytological brush, and (4)Scraping with cytological brush and expectoration of saliva, evaluating its concentration and purity. In the systematic review, a search of the main electronic medical scientific literature databases was conducted. Observational studies were selected if mentioning dental anomalies in the different skeletal malocclusion patterns. A set of criteria for the eligibility of the study was adopted, based on the PECOS strategy (Population: maxilla and mandible, Exposure: skeletal discrepancies, Comparison: normality pattern, and Outcome: dental anomalies). Five retrospective studies containing 7679 participants were classified and considered eligible for the systematic review. The sample of study II was composed by 20 participants. The biological samples were collected at intervals of at least one day between them and were stored at -20 ° C until DNA extraction was performed (Qiagen®). Study III was composed of a sample of 505 orthodontic records. Nineteen cephalometric points were used to obtain the angles and measurements used for the skeletal characterization, using Dolphin Software. Saliva samples were collected from all participants and the DNA was extracted, diluted and quantified. The TGFA, IRF6 and MSX1 genes were used for real-time PCR reactions. The odds ratio, chi-square, Fisher's exact, independent T and correlation coefficient (significance level = 95%) tests were performed. From the systematic review, it was concluded that individuals with skeletal malocclusion patterns have more dental anomalies. After the statistical analysis, no sexual dimorphism (p = 0.76), age (p = 0.91) and ethnicity (p = 0.72) was observed in relation to DNA concentration. There was no significant difference between the collection methods in relation to the amount and purity of the extracted DNA (p≥0.05). IRF6 was associated with Class III skeletal malocclusion (p=0.04, OR=0.69, C.I. 0.49-0.98), and MSX1 was associated with hypodivergent growth pattern (p=0.003, OR=0.5, 95% C.I. 0.36-0.74), and Class II skeletal malocclusion (p=0.0001, OR=0.6, C.I. 0.46-0.78). In regards to dental anomalies, MSX1 was also associated with tooth impaction (p=0.03, OR=0.67, 95% C.I. 0.47-0.96) and root dilaceration (p=0.04, OR=0.27, 95% C.I. 0.07-0.97). MSX1 was associated with both hypodivergent growth pattern and Class II skeletal malocclusion (p=0.0001), and tooth impaction (p=0.03) and root dilaceration (p=0.04), whereas IRF6 was associated with Class III skeletal malocclusion, (AU)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue verificar la presencia de asociación fenotipo-genotípica entre TGFA (Factor de crecimiento transformante α) (C / T rs1523305), IRF6 (Factor regulador de interferón 6) (A / C rs2013162) y MSX1 (Segmento muscular 1 de Homeobox 1). ) (A / G rs12532) y anomalías dentales en pacientes con malclusión esquelética. Con este fin, se realizaron dos estudios previos para (I) determinar si las personas con discrepancias esqueléticas de Clase II o III tienen una mayor frecuencia de anomalías dentales en comparación con las personas con maloclusión de Clase I y (II) para comparar cuatro métodos diferentes. y colección de células salivales [Esputo de saliva (1), Estímulo lingual Saliva Esputo (2), Raspado con cepillo citológico (3) y Raspado con cepillo citológico más Esputo de saliva (4)] para extracción de ADN genómico , evaluando su concentración y pureza. En la revisión sistemática, buscamos en las principales bases de datos de la literatura científica médica electrónica. Se seleccionaron estudios de observación si se mencionaban anomalías dentales en los diferentes patrones de maloclusión esquelética. Se adoptó un conjunto de criterios para la elegibilidad del estudio, basado en la estrategia PECOS (Población: maxilar y mandíbula; Exposición: discrepancias esqueléticas; Comparación: patrón de normalidad; y Resultado: anomalías dentales). Cinco estudios retrospectivos con 7679 participantes fueron clasificados y considerados elegibles para una revisión sistemática. La muestra del estudio II consistió en 20 participantes. Se tomaron muestras con al menos un día de diferencia y se almacenaron a -20 ° C hasta que se realizó la extracción de ADN (Qiagen®). El estudio III consistió en una muestra de 505 registros de ortodoncia. Diecinueve puntos cefalométricos se utilizaron para obtener los ángulos y las medidas utilizadas para la caracterización esquelética utilizando Dolphin Software. Se recogieron muestras de saliva de todos los participantes y se extrajo, diluyó y cuantificó el ADN. Los genes TGFA, IRF6 y MSX1 se usaron para reacciones de PCR en tiempo real. Se realizaron las pruebas de odds ratio, Chi-cuadrado, exacta de Fisher, T independiente y coeficiente de correlación (nivel de significancia = 95%). De la revisión sistemática, se concluyó que las personas con patrones de maloclusión esquelética tienen más anomalías dentales. Después del análisis estadístico, no se observó dimorfismo sexual en relación con la concentración de ADN (p = 0,76), la edad (p = 0,91) y el origen étnico (p = 0,72). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los métodos de recolección con respecto a la cantidad y pureza del ADN extraído (p≥0.05). El gen IRF6 se asoció con ME Clase III (p = 0.04, OR = 0.69, CI 0.49-0.98) y el gen MSX1 se asoció con el patrón de crecimiento hipodivergente (p = 0.003, OR = 0.5, CI 0.36-0.74) y EM Clase II (p = 0.0001, OR = 0.6, CI 0.46-0.78). Con respecto a AD, el gen MSX1 también se asoció con impactación (p = 0.03, OR = 0.67, CI 0.47-0.96) y laceración (p = 0.04, OR = 0.27, IC 0,07-0,977). MSX1 se asoció con un patrón de crecimiento hipodivergente y de Clase II, impactación y laceración, lo que demuestra que existe una asociación genética entre las anomalías dentales y las maloclusiones esqueléticas. (AU)

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Background: A regular and balanced feeding is essential for the animals in order to maintain their normal physiological function and be productive at the desired level. Digestion activities start with chewing in the mouth and the healthy dental arch is needed to perform a complete chewing function. Abnormal dental development and other dental pathologies impair digestive functions by negatively affecting chewing functions. The aim of the present study was to classified dental anomalies, dental degenerations, dental and gingival lesions seen in dairy cows and was aimed to reveal these lesions and depending on these disorders the reasons for slaughtering in dairy cows.Materials, Methods & Results: The material of this study consists of 600 dairy cows, being slaughtered for a year, and 170 dairy cows, detected dental anomalies, dental degenerations and dental-gingival lesions in the postmortem examination. Detailed macroscopic and radiological examinations of mandibles and maxillae of the dairy cows with dental and gingival lesions in postmortem examination were performed. The detailed information of the cases, such as: age, race, breeding, living region and slaughtering causes, etc. of dairy cows, suffering from dental lesions was recorded from slaughterhouse data access. In this study, 87 cases (51.18%) of the determined dental lesions were defined as dental degeneration, 34 cases (20%) as caries, 30 cases (17.64%) as dental abnormalities in the formation and dental arch and 19 cases (11.18%) as periodontal inflammation.[...]

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Background: A regular and balanced feeding is essential for the animals in order to maintain their normal physiological function and be productive at the desired level. Digestion activities start with chewing in the mouth and the healthy dental arch is needed to perform a complete chewing function. Abnormal dental development and other dental pathologies impair digestive functions by negatively affecting chewing functions. The aim of the present study was to classified dental anomalies, dental degenerations, dental and gingival lesions seen in dairy cows and was aimed to reveal these lesions and depending on these disorders the reasons for slaughtering in dairy cows.Materials, Methods & Results: The material of this study consists of 600 dairy cows, being slaughtered for a year, and 170 dairy cows, detected dental anomalies, dental degenerations and dental-gingival lesions in the postmortem examination. Detailed macroscopic and radiological examinations of mandibles and maxillae of the dairy cows with dental and gingival lesions in postmortem examination were performed. The detailed information of the cases, such as: age, race, breeding, living region and slaughtering causes, etc. of dairy cows, suffering from dental lesions was recorded from slaughterhouse data access. In this study, 87 cases (51.18%) of the determined dental lesions were defined as dental degeneration, 34 cases (20%) as caries, 30 cases (17.64%) as dental abnormalities in the formation and dental arch and 19 cases (11.18%) as periodontal inflammation.[...](AU)

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SUMMARY: Paramolar tubercle (PT) is an additional cusp occuring on buccal surface of both upper and lower permanent molars. PT is also known as parastyle when tubercle is present in upper molars, as protostylid when tubercle is present in lower molars. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence of PTs in Turkish population with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Presence of PT in molar teeth were evaluated retrospectively using CBCT images of 210 patients (102 male, 108 female) between 18-77 years old. A total of 909 teeth were analyzed. Because of various reasons some teeth were excluded and final analyze was done with 653 teeth. Prevalence of PT was found as 2.76 % (18 out of 653). Highest frequency of PT was detected 5 in #27, 4 in #17, 2 in #48 among all molar teeth respectively. In two cases; 2 PTs were on the same tooth, bilateral PT was found only in one case. PT was undetected on upper first molars. Prevalence of PTs on permanent molars is a rare phenomenon in the studied population. Use of CBCT in such anatomic variations will provide valuable and detailed information during treatment modalities. Since this pilot study represents Turkish subpopulation, comprehensive studies with increased number of cases should be undertaken to clarify the prevalence of paramolars in Turkish population. Advanced imaging techniques like CBCT will be more helpful in understanding and detecting exact morphological and anatomical variations of PTs during treatment modalities.

RESUMEN: El tubérculo paramolar (TP) es una cúspide adicional que está en la superficie vestibular de los molares permanentes superiores e inferiores. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la predisposición de TP en la población turca con tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Presencia de TP en dientes molares se evaluaron retrospectivamente utilizando imágenes de tomografia de 210 pacientes (102 hombres, 108 mujeres) entre 18-77 años de edad. Se analizó un total de 909 dientes. Por varias razones, algunos dientes fueron excluídos y el análisis final se realizó con 653 dientes. Prevalencia de PTP se encontró en el 2,76 % (18 dientes de 653). La frecuencia más alta de TP se detectó: 5 en # 27, 4 en # 17, 2 en # 48, entre todos los dientes molares, respectivamente. En dos casos, 2 de los TP fueron observados en el mismo diente; TP bilateral sólo se encontró en un caso. El TP no fue detectado en los primeros molares superiores. La prevalencia de TP en los molares permanentes es un fenómeno poco frecuente en la población estudiada. El uso de la TCHC en tales variaciones anatómicas, proporcionará información valiosa y detallada para definir la aplicación de diferentes modalidades de tratamiento. Dado que este estudio piloto representa a una subpoblación turca, estudios exhaustivos con un mayor número de casos deben llevarse a cabo para determinar la prevalencia en la población turca total. Técnicas avanzadas de imagen como TCHC serán más útiles para detectar variaciones morfológicas y anatómicas exactas de TP durante diversas modalidades de tratamiento.

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La transposición dental es una alteración de la posición de dos o más dientes en el arco dentario. Su etiología, aún desconocida, se asocia entre otros factores, a la herencia, al trauma dentario y a la persistencia del diente deciduo. El diente donde más se observa es en el canino superior, transposicionado con el primer premolar. Puede ser unilateral o bilateral, y completa o parcial. Esta anomalía puede provocar diversas complicaciones de la estética y la función del aparto estomatognático; por lo que requiere de diagnóstico precoz y en muchas ocasiones, de un enfoque multidisciplinario que permita la evaluación individual de cada caso para su correcto tratamiento. Se presentó un caso clínico de transposición bilateral de caninos superiores, en un paciente con antecedentes de traumatismo dentario no tratado, se tornó complejo su tratamiento debido a las características individuales del paciente.

The dental transposition is an alteration of the position of two or more teeth in the dental arch. Its etiology, still unknown, is associated to heritage, dental trauma and the persistence of the deciduous tooth, among other factors. The tooth where it is observed the most is the upper canine, transposed with the first pre molar. It may be unilateral or bilateral, and complete or partial. This anomaly could cause different complications of the stomatognathic system esthetics and function; therefore, the precocious diagnosis and, in many cases, a multidisciplinary approach are needed to allow the individual evaluation of each case for its correct treatment. It was presented a clinical case of upper canine bilateral transposition in a patient with antecedents of non-treated dental trauma. The treatment became complex due to the patient´s individual characteristics.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to radiographically investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies outside the cleft area in a group of Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND SETTING: A retrospective analysis of 207 panoramic radiographs of patients with NSCL/P aged 12 to 45 years without history of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment was performed. RESULTS: Dental anomalies were found in 75.4% of the patients, and tooth agenesis (29.2%) and supernumerary tooth (2.6%) were the most common anomalies. The risk of agenesis was higher among the individuals with cleft palate (CP) compared with individuals with cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP) (agenesis: CP versus CL: odds ratio 6.27, 95% confidence interval 2.21-17.8, P = .0003; CP versus CLP: odds ratio 2.94; 95% confidence interval 1.27-6.81, P = .01). The frequency of dental agenesis was higher in patients with unilateral complete CLP (agenesis: P < .0001), incomplete bilateral CLP (agenesis: P = .0013), complete CP (agenesis: P < .0001), and incomplete CP (agenesis: P < .0001). The frequency of supernumerary teeth was higher in patients with bilateral complete CLP (P < .0001). The frequency of dental agenesis (P < .0001) and ectopic tooth (P = .009) was higher than the frequency estimated for general population. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with NSCL/P was higher than that reported in overall population. This study found preferential associations between dental anomalies and specific extensions of NSCL/P, suggesting that dental agenesis and ectopic tooth may be part of oral cleft subphenotypes.

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O objetivo do presente estudo censitário foi avaliar a prevalência das anomalias dentárias (AD) e a sua possível associação com os diferentes padrões de crescimento facial (PCF) e as maloclusões esqueléticas (ME) em uma população ortodôntica. Para tanto, 1521 prontuários ortodônticos de todos os pacientes atendidos, no período de 2000 a 2013, nos Departamentos de Ortodontia de duas instituições de ensino de referência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram avaliados. Foram excluídos (n=474) os prontuários que não continham ambas as radiografias (panorâmica e cefalométrica de perfil), pacientes com idade inferior a 08 anos e presença de síndrome, fissura lábio/palatina e desequilíbrios metabólicos e/ou endócrinos. Através da radiografia cefalométrica de perfil, o ângulo SnGoGn foi obtido para verificar o PCF (Hipodivergente, Normal e Hiperdivergente) e o ângulo ANB, para classificar as ME (Classe I, II e III). Os diagnósticos das AD foram realizados na radiografia panorâmica por um único operador calibrado. Para o diagnóstico de agenesia de terceiros molares (3M), foram excluídos (n=216) os pacientes cuja confirmação de extração destes dentes não foi possível. A frequência e a porcentagem de cada AD foram calculadas. As variáveis gênero, etnia, AD e dente mais afetado foram testadas através dos Testes QuiQuadrado e Exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5%. A Razão de Chance foi realizada para avaliação da intensidade e direção das possíveis associações. Além disso, o Teste T-Student foi utilizado para comparar diferenças entre os grupos. A amostra final foi composta por 1047 pacientes e a prevalência de AD foi de 77%. Do total, 56,7% eram do gênero feminino e 64,9%, afrodescendentes, com média de idade de 16,41 (±10,61). As AD mais prevalentes foram impactação (68,6%), giroversão (54%) e agenesia (9,7%), excluindo os 3M, respectivamente. Além disso, observou-se uma media de 3,08 (±1,93) dentes afetados por paciente e 51,2% apresentaram mais de uma AD. Dentre os 831 pacientes incluídos no diagnóstico de presença ou ausência de 3M, 11,2% apresentaram agenesia de 3M e 75,3% apresentaram outra AD, fora a agenesia de 3M. O 3M inferior esquerdo foi o dente mais afetado na impactação, o canino inferior direito, na giroversão e o incisivo lateral superior direito foi o dente mais ausente, excluindo os 3M. As AD foram mais prevalentes na ME de Classe III (80,8%) e no PCF Hipodivergente (82,5%). Agenesia de outros dentes, excluindo os 3M, apresentou associação com o PCF Hipodivergente (p<0,01) e a microdontia, com a ME de Classe III (p=0,25). A agenesia de 3M apresentou associação com agenesia de outros dentes, microdontia e associação inversa com impactação (p<0,01). As AD apresentaram alta prevalência e devem ser cuidadosamente investigadas e consideradas no planejamento do tratamento ortodôntico. (AU)

The aim of this census study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies (DA) and its possible association with the different skeletal malocclusion (SM) and growth patterns (GP) in an orthodontic population. For this study, 1521 orthodontic records of all patients attended, in the period of 2000 to 2013, in the Departments of Orthodontics of two reference institutions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated. The records that did not contain both radiographs (panoramic and lateral cephalometric), patients younger than 08 years old and presence of syndrome, cleft lip/palate, metabolic and/or endocrine imbalances were excluded. Sn-GoGn angle was obtained to verify the GP (Hypo-divergent, Normal and Hyper-divergent) and the ANB angle, to classify SM (Class I, II and III) in lateral cephalometric radiograph. DA diagnosis were performed on panoramic radiographs by a single calibrated operator. For the diagnosis of third molars (3M) agenesis, patients whose confirmation of extraction of these teeth was not possible were excluded (n=216). The frequency and percentage of each DA were calculated. The gender, ethnicity, age, DA and more affected tooth variables were tested using the Chi-Square and Fisher Exact Testes with significance level of 5%. The Odds Ratio was performed to evaluate the intensity and direction of the associations. Additionally, the Student T-test was used to compare differences between groups. The final sample was consisted of 1047 patients and the prevalence of DA was 77%. From a total, 56.7% were female and 64.9%, African descent, with a mean age of 16.41 (±10.61). The most prevalent DA were impaction (68.6%), giroversion (54%) and agenesis (9.7%), excluding 3M, respectively. Furthermore, we observed an average of 3.08 (± 1.93) teeth affected per patient and 51.2% had more than one DA. Among the 831 patients included in the diagnosis of the presence or absence of 3M, 11.2% had 3M agenesis and 75.3% had another DA, apart from 3M agenesis. The lower left 3M was the most affected tooth in impaction, the lower right canine, in giroversion and the upper left lateral incisor was the most absent tooth, excluding 3M. The DA were more prevalent in Class III SM (80.8%) and in the Hypo-divergent GP (82.5%). Agenesis of other teeth, excluding 3M, was associated with the Hypo-divergent GP (p <0.01) and microdontia, with the Class III SM (p=0.25). 3M agenesis was associated with agenesis of other teeth, microdontia and impaction (p<0.01). AD had a high prevalence and must be carefully investigated and considered in orthodontic treatment planning. (AU)

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Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de Hipomineralización Molar Incisiva (MIH) en Montevideo, Uruguay; relacionar la prevalencia de MIH con: edad, género, año de nacimiento y diferente cobertura asistencial (pública y privada). Se diseñó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo con el total de niños asistidos entre julio-diciembre 2010 en la Cátedra de Odontopediatría, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República y en dos consultorios privados en Montevideo (626), nacidos entre 1993-2003 y con los 4 primeros molares e incisivos permanentes erupcionados. El diagnóstico clínico lo realizaron examinadores calibrados (Kappa intra 100%; inter 0.99, 0.98 y 0.90). La prevalencia de MIH fue de 11.8%, con una diferencia significativa entre sector público y privado y con una alta correlación positiva entre presencia de MIH y año de nacimiento (p<0.0001). Los resultados confirmaron que: 1) MIH es una patología frecuente 2) la prevalencia de MIH a nivel privado es superior 3) es necesario estudios con muestras de mayor tamaño.

Objectives: To know the prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH) in Montevideo, Uruguay; to study the relationship between the prevalence of MIH and: age, gender, year of birth and different health care coverage (private and public). A transversal, observational and descriptive study was designed with the total of the children that were assisted between July and December 2010 in the Pediatric Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República and in two private dentist offices in Montevideo (626), born between 1993 - 2003 and with the first four molars and permanent incisives erupted. The clinical diagnosis was done by calibrated examiners (100% kappa intra, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.90 inter). MIH prevalence was 11.8%, with a significant difference between public and private sector and with a high positive correlation between the presence of MIH and year of birth (p<0.0001). The results confirmed that: 1) MIH is a frequent pathology 2) The prevalence of MIH is higher in the private sector 3) Studies with bigger samples are necessary.

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El diente invaginado es una malformación que resulta probablemente de un desdoblamientode la papila dental durante el desarrollo dentario. Los dens invaginatus son dientes clínicamentesignificativos, debido a la gran facilidad de afección de la pulpa. La profundidaddel defecto estructural varía de una leve ampliación del cíngulo a una invaginación quese extiende al ápice. El presente artículo relata el caso de una mujer de veintitrés años deedad, quien refiere una fístula de diez años de evolución en la mucosa en el fondo de sacoa la altura del diente lateral superior izquierdo (diente 22). Luego de la exploración clínica yradiográfica se diagnostica un dens in dente unilateral con necrosis pulpar y absceso apicalcrónico, para lo cual se realizó terapia de conductos y cirugía apical con éxito radiográficode dos años de evolución...

Invaginated tooth is a malformation likely resulting from a splitting of dental papilla duringtooth development. Dens invaginatus are clinically important teeth due to the easy affectionof the dental pulp. Invagination depth varies from a slight enlargement of the cingulum untoan extended invagination to the apex. This article reports the case of a female patient aged23, who referred fistula with ten years of evolution in tooth 22. The clinical and radiographicdiagnosis was dens in dent with necrosis and chronic suppurative periapical periodontitis.The root canal therapy and apical surgery were performed showing successfully radiographicevolution within a two-year follow-up period...

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The dental gemination is a morphological alteration that can occur during the development of the dental germ, resulting in a total or partial formation of two teeth which are not completely separate. The aim of this work was to relate an unusual case of gemination by the periapical radiography of superior central incisive in the permanent dentition.

La geminación dental es una alteración morfológica que puede suceder durante el desarrollo dental del embrión, dando por resultado la formación parcial o total de dos dientes que no estén separados totalmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir un caso infrecuente de geminación, a través de la radiografía periapical en incisivos centrales superiores en la dentición permanente.

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