RESUMO
Blepharitis is a very common disease in ophthalmology, dermatology and allergy practice. It generally follows a chronic course and is frequently associated with objective and/or subjective symptoms such as epiphora, red eye, dandruff, gritty sensation, itching, burning, photophobia, and blurred vision. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between 2016 and 2020. All patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis who underwent a parasitological test of eyelashes (Rapitest) in the Dermatology Department of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were included. Those with previously established blepharitis due to another infectious cause were excluded. We analyzed 972 patients. Sixty percent (n=585) underwent a positive Rapitest for the presence of Demodex spp. Seventy five percent (n=728) were women. There were no significant differences in the prevalence associated with sex (p=0.38). Among the patients positive for Demodex spp., 65% (n=628) were older than 60 years old. The most frequently associated symptom was itching, present in 35% (n=342). A statistically significant decrease in the number of consultations was observed during the cold months of the year (May-June-July-August). Our results show a high prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis. As its presence reveals a direct association with age, we recommend looking for this parasite in this age group.
Assuntos
Blefarite , Infestações por Ácaros , Ácaros , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Infestações por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Blefarite/epidemiologia , Blefarite/parasitologia , Prurido/complicaçõesRESUMO
Los ácaros ectoparásitos del género Demodex spp (>140 especies) pertenecen a la familia Demodicidae, superfamilia Cheyletoidea, suborden Prostigmata, orden Trombidiformes, superorden Acariformes. Fueron descritos por primera vez en 1841 por Henle y Berger. El término Demodex deriva del griego: demos = grasa y dex = gusano incrustado. Tienen una longitud de 0.2- 0.4 mm, son transparentes y elongados. Su cuerpo se divide en tres secciones principales: 1) gnatosoma, región anterior, en donde se encuentra la apertura bucal; 2) podosoma, región en la que se encuentran sus cuatro pares de patas; y 3) el opistoma, región caudal o cola. Se adquieren poco después del nacimiento y se consideran parte del microbiota normal de muchos mamíferos, así como también del ser humano, en particular de la unidad pilosebácea. Por lo tanto, se ubican principalmente en el rostro, cuero cabelludo y región superior del tronco. Todas estas áreas corporales se caracterizan por la alta secreción sebácea, alimento primordial para el crecimiento y desarrollo de este ácaro; razón por la cual, además, su densidad aumenta durante la pubertad, periodo cuando proliferan las glándulas sebáceas. Dentro de las especies del género, encontramos exclusivamente en humanos, a D. folliculorum (440 µm), habitando frecuentemente el infundíbulo folicular y D. brevis (240 µm), que se localiza predominantemente en los ductos sebáceos y glándulas tarsales a nivel ocular.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Infestações por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Infestações por Ácaros/parasitologia , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Infestações por Ácaros/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of Demodex spp. in the eyelashes' pilosebaceous unit in volunteers of one campus of a private university. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The volunteers underwent anamnesis, biomicroscopic study and samples were taken of 8 eyelashes, 2 of each eyelid of both eyes. The eyelashes were mounted on a slide and observed under a light microscope to determine the presence and quantity of mites. RESULTS: 200 volunteers were recruited, determining the prevalence of Demodex spp. in 54 (27%) of them. Of the positive cases, 40 (74.1%) presented signs and/or symptoms of blepharitis, 43 (79.7%) presented the mite in one eye and an average infestation rate of 0.65 Demodex spp. per eyelash was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in four of the volunteers studied without a diagnosis of blepharitis was a carrier of the parasite, of which a significant percentage presented some type of sign and/or symptom of this pathology which was related to a higher rate of infestation (p<0.05).
Assuntos
Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Pestanas/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Chile/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infestações por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aimed to diagnose fungal and parasitic dermatopathies, describing its casuistry in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (LIID) and at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (SAMC), VH/IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil. Fifty-eight animals with skin lesions, including 41 dogs and 17 cats, were evaluated. Samples from the lesions were processed, resulting in 12.2% (5/41) of dogs testing positive for dermatophytes; 60% (3/5) of those cases were confirmed with Microsporum canis infections. For scabies, 24.4% (10/ 41) of dogs tested positive; of these, 80% (8/10, p≤0.05) had Demodex canis infections. In cats, 17.6% (3/17) were positive for dermatophytes; of these, 67% (2/3) were confirmed to have Microsporum gypseum infections. The positive testing rate for scabies in cats was 17.6% (3/17); of these, 67% (2/3) were Notoedres cati infections. In one cat, a concomitant infection was found witha dermatophyte (M. gypseum) and scabies (N. cati). It was concluded that the occurrence of dermatopathies is high at the SAMC/VH/IFPB. The main dermatophytes found were M. canis in dogs and M. gypseum in cats, and the most frequent scabies were D. canis in dogs and N. cati in cats.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar as dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias, descrevendo a casuística dessas enfermidades em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário do Instituto Federal da Paraíba IFPB, campus Sousa, Paraíba-PB.O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas LIDIC e na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais - CMPA, HV/IFPB. Foram avaliados 58 animais, sendo 41 cães e 17 gatos. As amostras coletadas para as análises laboratoriais foram pelos e crostas das lesões. Obtiveram-se 12,2% (5/41) dos cães positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 60% (3/5) para Microsporum canis. Para sarnas, 24,4% (10/41) dos cães foram positivos, em 80% (8/10; p≤0,05) a infestação era por Demodex canis. Nos gatos, 17,6% (3/17) foram positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 67% (2/3) Microsporum gypseum. A positividade para sarnas em gatos foi 17,6% (3/17), destes, 67% (2/3) para Notoedres cati. Em apenas um felino foi encontrada infecção concomitante entre dermatófito (M. gypseum) e sarna (N.cati). Concluiu-se que é alta a casuística de dermatopatias na CMPA/HV/IFPB. O principal dermatófito encontrado em cães foi M. canis e em gatos M. gypseum. Dentre as sarnas Demodex spp. foi a mais frequente para cães e Notoedres sp. para gatos.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/parasitologia , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Arthrodermataceae , Infestações por Ácaros , MicrosporumRESUMO
This study aimed to diagnose fungal and parasitic dermatopathies, describing its casuistry in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (LIID) and at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (SAMC), VH/IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil. Fifty-eight animals with skin lesions, including 41 dogs and 17 cats, were evaluated. Samples from the lesions were processed, resulting in 12.2% (5/41) of dogs testing positive for dermatophytes; 60% (3/5) of those cases were confirmed with Microsporum canis infections. For scabies, 24.4% (10/ 41) of dogs tested positive; of these, 80% (8/10, p≤0.05) had Demodex canis infections. In cats, 17.6% (3/17) were positive for dermatophytes; of these, 67% (2/3) were confirmed to have Microsporum gypseum infections. The positive testing rate for scabies in cats was 17.6% (3/17); of these, 67% (2/3) were Notoedres cati infections. In one cat, a concomitant infection was found witha dermatophyte (M. gypseum) and scabies (N. cati). It was concluded that the occurrence of dermatopathies is high at the SAMC/VH/IFPB. The main dermatophytes found were M. canis in dogs and M. gypseum in cats, and the most frequent scabies were D. canis in dogs and N. cati in cats.(AU)
O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar as dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias, descrevendo a casuística dessas enfermidades em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário do Instituto Federal da Paraíba IFPB, campus Sousa, Paraíba-PB.O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas LIDIC e na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais - CMPA, HV/IFPB. Foram avaliados 58 animais, sendo 41 cães e 17 gatos. As amostras coletadas para as análises laboratoriais foram pelos e crostas das lesões. Obtiveram-se 12,2% (5/41) dos cães positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 60% (3/5) para Microsporum canis. Para sarnas, 24,4% (10/41) dos cães foram positivos, em 80% (8/10; p≤0,05) a infestação era por Demodex canis. Nos gatos, 17,6% (3/17) foram positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 67% (2/3) Microsporum gypseum. A positividade para sarnas em gatos foi 17,6% (3/17), destes, 67% (2/3) para Notoedres cati. Em apenas um felino foi encontrada infecção concomitante entre dermatófito (M. gypseum) e sarna (N.cati). Concluiu-se que é alta a casuística de dermatopatias na CMPA/HV/IFPB. O principal dermatófito encontrado em cães foi M. canis e em gatos M. gypseum. Dentre as sarnas Demodex spp. foi a mais frequente para cães e Notoedres sp. para gatos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/parasitologia , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Infestações por Ácaros , Microsporum , ArthrodermataceaeRESUMO
Canine demodicyosis is a parasitic skin problem commonly found in dogs caused by theproliferation of follicular mites of the Demodex canis species. Clinical laboratory tests inyoung dogs with demodicides usually do not show consistent abnormalities, however, suchabnormalities do appear in such chronic diseases as anemia, with elevations in leukocytenumbers, hyperglobulinemia, and depressed thyroid hormone concentrations, which arefound in many dogs. We analyzed the hemogram of 36 dogs diagnosed with demodecticmange that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of CampinaGrande, in the municipality of Patos. Among hematological changes, thrombocytopenia(40.9%), anemia (68.2%), neutrophilia (27.3%), eosinophilia (27.3%) and lymphopenia(36.4%) were found to be more prevalent. We can conclude that all the animals of thepresent study had alterations in some aspect of the hematological profile.Palavras-chave: hematologia; dermatopatia; ácaros; Demodex spp.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Infestações por Ácaros/sangue , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/sangue , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
Canine demodicyosis is a parasitic skin problem commonly found in dogs caused by theproliferation of follicular mites of the Demodex canis species. Clinical laboratory tests inyoung dogs with demodicides usually do not show consistent abnormalities, however, suchabnormalities do appear in such chronic diseases as anemia, with elevations in leukocytenumbers, hyperglobulinemia, and depressed thyroid hormone concentrations, which arefound in many dogs. We analyzed the hemogram of 36 dogs diagnosed with demodecticmange that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of CampinaGrande, in the municipality of Patos. Among hematological changes, thrombocytopenia(40.9%), anemia (68.2%), neutrophilia (27.3%), eosinophilia (27.3%) and lymphopenia(36.4%) were found to be more prevalent. We can conclude that all the animals of thepresent study had alterations in some aspect of the hematological profile.Palavras-chave: hematologia; dermatopatia; ácaros; Demodex spp.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Infestações por Ácaros/sangue , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/sangue , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Blepharitis is a very common disease in the ophthalmologic practice generally taking a chronic course with intermittent exacerbations. Several studies have linked the presence of Demodex folliculorum with chronic blepharitis, since the mite has the capacity to perpetuate the follicular inflammatory process. The prevalence of infection by Demodex spp. is variable depending on the population. In Paraguay, information on the frequency of the infestation in patients with chronic blepharitis is not available. Aim : To determine the frequency of Demodex spp, and the ocular microbiota in patients with chronic blepharitis attending the Department of Ophthalmology at the Teaching Hospital of the National University of Asuncion. Patients and Methods: Consecutively, 28 patients with chronic blepharitis, who agreed to participate in the study, were included. Eyes lashes from the upper and lower eyelids were extracted for immediate mite search by direct observation under a light microscope. Samples from eyelids were taken with Kimura spatula and then cultured on blood agar and in enrichment media and incubated in 5% CO2 at 35° C for 72 hours. Results: Among participants, females were more frequent (64%), the age ranged from 17 to 87 years (mean: 38.0; SD: ±13.5 years). The prevalence of Demodex sp was 54%. Bacteria were isolated 92.9% of cases, most frequently coagulase-negative staphylococci (75%). No association was found between socio-demographic or clinical characteristics and the presence of Demodex sp. Conclusion: The observed high prevalence of infestation by Demodex spp in patients with chronic blepharitis is consistent with other studies.
Introducción: La blefaritis es una enfermedad muy común en la práctica oftalmológica, generalmente de curso crónico con exacerbaciones intermitentes. Varios estudios han relacionado la presencia del Demodex folliculorum con la blefaritis crónica, por su capacidad potencial de perpetuar el proceso inflamatorio a nivel folicular. La frecuencia de D. folliculorum varía de acuerdo a la población. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de Demodex spp y, caracterizar la microbiota ocular en pacientes con blefaritis crónica y dar a conocer estos resultados. Pacientes y Métodos: Las muestras fueron obtenidas de pacientes que consultaron en la Cátedra de Oftalmología del Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA). Fueron incluidos en forma consecutiva 28 pacientes con blefaritis crónica que accedieron a participar en forma voluntaria en el estudio. Se extrajeron las pestañas del párpado superior e inferior de los pacientes para la búsqueda inmediata del ácaro por observación directa bajo el microscopio óptico. Para el cultivo de microorganismos se tomaron muestras del párpado con espátula de Kimura, las que fueron cultivadas en agar sangre y en medios de enriquecimiento e incubadas en CO2 al 5% a 35°C durante 72 h. Resultados: El sexo femenino fue más frecuente (64%), el rango de edad estuvo entre 17 y 87 años con una media de 37,9 ± 13,5. Se observó la presencia de Demodex sp en 54% y aislamiento de bacterias en 92,9%; Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa fue el más frecuente (75%). No se encontraron asociaciones entre las características socio-demográficas o clínicas y la presencia de Demodex sp. Conclusión: La alta infestación por Demodex spp observada en los pacientes con blefaritis crónica coincide con otros estudios.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Blefarite/parasitologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Infestações por Ácaros/parasitologia , Ácaros/parasitologia , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/microbiologia , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Infestation by Demodex spp. in the palpebral edge follicles in humans is common. However, these mites are not routinely diagnosed in patients with or without ocular pathologies in Chile and their relevance is unclear. One of the eye diseases most related to infestation by Demodex spp. is blepharitis, a chronic inflammation of the eyelid margin with intermittent exacerbations, which is very common in ophthalmic practice. Its management is prolonged treatment, which is often ineffective, leading to relapses and frustration of patient and treating physician. Blepharitis can be typed by its etiology into various types, one of them is caused by Demodex folliculorum and another species, D. brevis. Objective: The overall objective was to detect the presence and estimate the rate of infestation of Demodex spp. in healthy subjects and in patients with ocular pathology such as blepharitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, chalazion, and stye. Patients and Methods: Samples of tabs from both lower eyelids of ophthalmologically healthy patients (23) and patients with ocular pathologies (9) were mounted in immersion oil as described in literature, then visualized with a 10x objective and confirmed with 40x objective. Results. Detection rates of eggs, nymphs or adults of Demodex spp. in patients with and without ophthalmological problems were above and below 0.5 mites per tab, respectively. D.folliculorum was the species most frequently found. Discussion: The results are consistent with the international literature on both the rate of infestation as the predominant species. Conclusion: This paper is the first study in Chile on this subject and represents a significant contribution to ophthalmic clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease.
La infestación por Demodex spp. en los folículos del borde palpebral en humanos es frecuente; no obstante, en Chile no se diagnostica de rutina la presencia de estos ácaros en pacientes sin o con patologías oculares por lo cual no se conocen aspectos de esta parasitosis. Una de las patologías oculares que más se relaciona con infestación por Demodex spp. es la blefaritis, enfermedad muy común en la práctica oftalmológica, que cursa con inflamación crónica del borde palpebral, con exacerbaciones intermitentes de los síntomas. Su manejo suele llevar mucho tiempo frecuentemente ineficaz, con múltiples recaídas que terminan desmoralizando al paciente y, al médico que las trata. De acuerdo a la etiología, se caracterizan varios tipos de blefaritis y una de ellas es asociada a Demodexfolliculorum, existiendo también la especie D. brevis. Objetivo: Detectar la presencia y calcular el índice de infestación de Demodex spp. en pacientes sanos y en pacientes con alguna patología ocular como blefaritis crónica, conjuntivitis bacteriana, chalazión y orzuelo. Pacientes y Métodos: Se tomaron muestras de pestañas desde el párpado inferior de ambos ojos en pacientes oftalmológicamente sanos23 y pacientes con patologías oculares9 las que fueron montadas en aceite de inmersión según técnica descrita en la literatura, visualizadas con objetivo 10x y confirmadas con objetivo 40x. Resultados: Se encontró la presencia de huevos, ninfas y ejemplares adultos de D. folliculorum y D. brevis, tanto en pacientes normales como en pacientes oftalmológicos siendo el índice de infestación menor a 0,5 ácaros por pestaña en los pacientes sanos y mayor o igual a 0,5 en pacientes oftalmológicos. La especie más frecuentemente encontrada fue D. folliculorum. Discusión: Los resultados encontrados coinciden con la literatura internacional tanto en el índice de infestación como en la especie predominante. Conclusión: Este trabajo constituye el primero realizado en Chile en esta temática, de acuerdo a la literatura revisada, lo cual constituye un gran aporte al diagnóstico clínico oftalmológico con implicancias en el tratamiento de estos pacientes.