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BACKGROUND: Protein-derived peptide fractions can play a key role in the physiological and metabolic regulation and modulation of the body, which suggests that they could be used as functional ingredients to improve health and to reduce the risk of disease. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antithrombotic and anticariogenic bioactivity of hydrolysates and protein fractions obtained from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by biocatalysis. RESULTS: Cowpea protein concentrate was hydrolyzed by sequential action with two enzyme systems, Pepsin-Pancreatin or Alcalase-Flavourzyme. There was extensive enzymatic hydrolysis, with degrees of hydrolysis of 34.94% and 81.43% for Pepsin-Pancreatin and Alcalase-Flavourzyme, respectively. The degree of hydrolysis for the control treatments, without the addition of the enzymes Pepsin-Pancreatin and Alcalase-Flavourzyme was 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. The hydrolysates were subjected to fractionation by ultrafiltration, with five cut-off points according to molecular weight (<1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10 and >10 kDa). The Alcalase-Flavourzyme hydrolysate led to 100% inhibition of platelet aggregation, while the Pepsin-Pancreatin hydrolysate showed 77.41% inhibition, but this was approximately 100% in the ultrafiltered fractions. The highest anticariogenic activity was obtained with the Pepsin-Pancreatin system, with 61.55% and 56.07% for calcium and phosphorus demineralization, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hydrolysates and their peptide fractions from Vigna unguiculata exhibited inhibition of platelet aggregation and protection of tooth enamel and have the potential for use in the development of functional products with beneficial health effects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Objetivo: Determinar in vitro si la microdureza superficial Knoop de las manchas blancas mejora con la infiltración de resinas de baja viscosidad en comparación con la microdureza del esmalte sano. Materiales y métodos: Se desmineralizaron 93 muestras de esmalte bovino simulando lesiones de manchas blancas, para luego ser tratadas mediante la infiltración de resinas. Se midió la microdureza Knoop de las muestras antes de desmineralizarlas, luego de este proceso y a continuación de la infiltración. Resultados: Las muestras desmineralizadas mostraron una disminución del 50% en la microdureza. La infiltración con resinas mejoró esta propiedad, aunque los valores obtenidos se encontraron muy por debajo de la microdureza del esmalte sano. El análisis estadístico, mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y prueba post-hoc de Tukey, mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres grupos (p<0.001). Conclusiones: El tratamiento de las lesiones de manchas blancas artificiales con resinas infiltrantes aumentó la dureza Knoop, pero sin recuperar totalmente los valores próximos a la dureza del esmalte sano. (AU)
Aim: Determine in vitro if the Knoop surface microhardness of white spots lesions improve with the infiltration of low viscosity resins and compare it with the microhardness of healthy enamel. Materials and methods: 93 samples of bovine enamel were demineralized simulating white spot lesions, and then treated by infiltration of resins. The Knoop microhardness of the samples was measured before demineralization, after this process and after infiltration. Results: Demineralized samples showed a decrease in microhardness of 50%. The infiltration with resins improved this property, although the obtained values were far below the microhardness of healthy enamel. The statistical analysis, through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's posthoc test, showed statistically significant differences between groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Treatment of artificial white spot enamel lesions with infiltrating resins increased Knoop hardness but failed to reach values close to the hardness of healthy enamel. (AU)
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OBJECTIVE: In this in vivo proof-of-concept study, acquired pellicle engineering was implemented to promote alterations in the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) and the bacterial composition of the dental biofilm after treatment with Sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5). DESIGN: After prophylaxis, 10 volunteers rinsed (10 mL, 1 min) with the following solutions: 1) deionized water (H2O- negative control or 2) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. The AEP and biofilm were formed along 2 or 3 h, respectively. The AEP was collected with electrode filter papers soaked in 3 % citric acid. After protein extraction, samples were analyzed by quantitative shotgun label-free proteomics. The biofilm microbiome was collected with a dental curette. The DNA was extracted, amplified, and analyzed by 16S-rRNA Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). RESULTS: Treatment with CaneCPI-5 increased several proteins with antimicrobial, acid-resistance, affinity for hydroxyapatite, structural and calcium binding properties, such as Cysteine-rich-3 (6-fold-p = 0.03), Cystatin-B (5.5-fold-p < 0.01), Neutrophil-defensin 1 (4.7-fold-p < 0.01), Mucin (3.9-fold-p < 0.01), Immunoglobulin-heavy-constant (3.8-fold-p < 0.01) and Lactotransferrin (2.8-fold-p < 0.01). Microbiome revealed that several commensal bacteria had their abundance increased after rinsing with CaneCPI-5, such as Corynebacterium and Neisseria, while Streptococcus and Prevotella nigrescens were decreased. The results indicate the efficiency of CaneCPI-5 in promoting beneficial changes in the AEP and biofilm, making this phytocystatin a potential target for incorporation into dental products. CONCLUSION: Cane demonstrated the capability to alter the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) and the initial colonizers of the biofilm, enhancing the presence of proteins and bacteria crucial for dental protection.
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Biofilmes , Película Dentária , Proteômica , Película Dentária/microbiologia , Humanos , Microbiota , Masculino , Adulto , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Feminino , Cistatinas , Estudo de Prova de ConceitoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To develop a protocol for forming subsurface caries lesions on bovine enamel by dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. DESIGN: Biofilms were grown on bovine enamel specimens in artificial saliva (AS) for seven days. After 24 h of formation, the AS was supplemented or not with fluoride (F) using sodium fluoride (0.005 or 0.008 ppm F), and the biofilms were exposed or not to a 20 % sucrose solution (reproducing a cariogenic challenge) once/day. On the seventh day, the biofilms were harvested and had their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and inorganic components analyzed. The specimens were subjected to computed X-ray microtomography analysis to determine their mineral concentration. Data were compared using two-way analyses of variance, followed by Fisher's LSD or Student-Newman-Keuls tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge had significantly higher EPS concentrations than those not exposed, regardless of the presence of F. For biofilms grown with 0.008 ppm F, those exposed to the cariogenic challenge had lower F levels than those not exposed. For biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge, those grown with 0.008 ppm F had lower lesion depths and integrated mineral loss, and higher outer layers than those grown without F. CONCLUSIONS: The dual biofilm model assessed was able to create subsurface caries lesions in bovine enamel in vitro, which was influenced by the presence of F in the culture medium and exposure to sucrose.
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Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Cárie Dentária , Esmalte Dentário , Streptococcus mutans , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Sacarose/farmacologia , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The identification of acid-resistant proteins, including hemoglobin (Hb), within the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) led to the proposition of the "acquired pellicle engineering" concept, which involves the modification of the AEP by incorporating specific proteins, presenting a novel strategy to prevent dental demineralization. OBJECTIVE: Combining in vivo and in vitro proof-of-concept protocols, we sought to reveal the impact of AEP engineering with Hb protein on the biofilm microbiome and enamel demineralization. METHODS: In the in vivo studies, 10 volunteers, in 2 independent experiments, rinsed (10 mL,1 min) with deionized water-negative control or 1.0 mg/mL Hb. The AEP and biofilm formed along 2 or 3 h, respectively, were collected. AEP was analyzed by quantitative shotgun-label-free proteomics and biofilm by 16S-rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS). In in vitro study, a microcosm biofilm protocol was employed. Seventy-two bovine enamel specimens were treated with (1) phosphate-buffered solution (PBS), (2) 0.12% chlorhexidine, (3) 500 ppm NaF, (4) 1.0 mg/mL Hb, (5) 2.0 mg/mL Hb, and (6) 4.0 mg/mL Hb. The biofilm was cultivated for 5 days. Resazurin, colony forming units (CFU), and transversal microradiography were performed. RESULTS: Proteomics and NGS analysis revealed that Hb increased proteins with antioxidant, antimicrobial, acid-resistance, hydroxyapatite-affinity, calcium-binding properties and showed a reduction in oral pathogenic bacteria. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the lowest Hb concentration was the most effective in reducing bacterial activity, CFU, and enamel demineralization compared to PBS. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that Hb could be incorporated into anticaries dental products to modify the oral microbiome and control caries, highlighting its potential for AEP and biofilm microbiome engineering.
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Biofilmes , Película Dentária , Hemoglobinas , Antissépticos Bucais , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hemoglobinas/análise , Película Dentária/microbiologia , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Desmineralização do Dente/microbiologia , Adulto , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Clorexidina/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The decline in dental caries has been attributed to the widespread use of fluoride (F). Two forms of presentation are fluoridated toothpaste (FT) and mouthwash (MW), widely used by the population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of combining FT and MW, whether supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) or not, on dental enamel demineralization. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 60) were selected based on initial surface hardness (SHi) and divided into 5 experimental groups (n = 12 each): I) Placebo Toothpaste (without F/TMP); II) 1100 ppm F Toothpaste (FT); III) 1100F associated with a MW at 100 ppm F (FT + MW 100F); IV) 1100F associated with a MW at 225 ppm F (FT + MW 250F); and V) 1100F associated with a MW at 100 ppm F supplemented with 0.4 % TMP (FT + MW 100F-TMP). The blocks were treated twice a day, undergoing 5 pH cycles over 7 days. Thus, the percentage change in surface hardness (%SH), integrated subsurface hardness loss (ΔKHN), and the concentration of F, phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) in the enamel were determined. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). RESULTS: The 1100F group was statistically inferior to the groups associated with MW for %SH, ΔKHN, and the concentration of P and Ca in the enamel (p < 0.001). Blocks treated with FT + MW 225F and FT + MW 100F-TMP showed significantly lower %SH compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The FT + MW 100F - TMP group exhibited the lowest depth mineral loss (ΔKHN), and higher concentration de P in enamel (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The adjunct use of MW with FT produces a greater protective effect in inhibiting enamel demineralization, and the supplementation of TMP to the MW with 100F provides a superior effect compared to MW with 225F. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This combination of treatments could be regarded as one of several alternative fluoride supplements for subjects at elevated risk of caries.
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Cariostáticos , Esmalte Dentário , Fluoretos , Dureza , Antissépticos Bucais , Polifosfatos , Desmineralização do Dente , Cremes Dentais , Animais , Bovinos , Polifosfatos/uso terapêutico , Polifosfatos/farmacologia , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Cremes Dentais/uso terapêutico , Cremes Dentais/química , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Fluoretos/uso terapêutico , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/análise , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing toothpastes containing 1100 ppm F with micrometric or nanometric [beta]-calcium glycerophosphate (ß-CaGPm/ß-CaGPn) on artificial enamel demineralization, using a pH cycling model. Bovine enamel blocks (4 mm × 4 mm, n = 120) selected using initial surface hardness were randomly allocated to ten toothpaste groups (n = 12): without fluoride or ß-CaGPm or ß-CaGPn (Negative control), 1100 ppm F (1100 F), and 1100 ppm F plus 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of ß-CaGPm or ß-CaGPn. Blocks were treated two times per day with toothpaste slurry and subjected to five pH cycles (demineralizing and remineralizing solutions) at 37 °C. The final surface hardness, percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), and profile analysis and lesion depth subsurface were analysed using polarized light microscopy (PLM). Fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentrations were also measured. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests ([alpha] = 0.001). Blocks treated with 1100 F toothpaste containing 0.5%ß-CaGPm or 0.25%ß-CaGPn showed with reduced %SH values when compared with those treated with 1100 F alone (p < 0.001). Reduced lesion depths (ΔKHN and PLM) were observed for the slurry made up of 1100 F and 0.25%ß-CaGPn (p < 0.001). The addition of ß-CaGPm and ß-CaGPn did not influence the enamel F concentration, with the 1100 F/0.25%ß-CaGPn group exhibiting the highest Ca and P enamel concentrations (p < 0.001). Based on the findings of this in vitro study, we can conclude that the fluoride toothpaste produced a superior effect when combined at an appropriate ß-CaGP molar ratio. This effect was achieved with a lower proportion of ß-CaGP in the form of nanometric particles.
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Fluoretos , Desmineralização do Dente , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Fluoretos/análise , Cremes Dentais/farmacologia , Cálcio , Glicerofosfatos , Estudos Transversais , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Dureza , Suplementos Nutricionais , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of xylitol combined or not with fluoride (F) on reduction of demineralization and increase of remineralization of shallow and deep artificial enamel lesions. METHODS: Bovine enamel samples were allocated to the following solutions groups: no xylitol (negative control), 5% xylitol, 10% xylitol, 20% xylitol, 500 ppm F (as NaF), 5% xylitol+F, 10% xylitol+F or 20% xylitol+F (n = 12-15). For the demin study, a pH-cycling model (demineralization-6 h, pH 4.7/remineralization 18 h, pH 7.0) was employed for 7 days. Treatments were applied 2 × 1 min. In the remin study, specimens were pre-demineralized for 2, 5 or 10 days. Afterwards, a pH-cycling protocol was conducted (2 h demineralizing and 22 h remineralizing solution/day for 8 days) and the same treatments were done. The response variables were percentage surface hardness loss (%SHL) and transverse microradiography. Data were analyzed by RM ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn (p < 0.05) RESULTS: F and Xylitol combined with F reduced the %SHL (23-30%) compared to the negative control (61.5%). The integrated mineral loss and the lesion depth were not reduced by any treatment. Surface hardness recovery was seen only for shallow lesions in case of 20% xylitol+F compared to negative control. No lesion depth recovery, but significant mineral recovery was seen for F (2-days and 10-days lesion). CONCLUSIONS: All concentrations of xylitol+F reduced enamel surface demineralization, while only 20% xylitol+F improved surface remineralization of shallow lesions in vitro. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that while F or any concentration of xylitol + F reduces surface demineralization, only 20% xylitol+F improves surface remineralization of shallow lesions in vitro. Therefore, xylitol may be added into oral products, combined to F, to control dental caries.
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Cárie Dentária , Desmineralização do Dente , Animais , Bovinos , Fluoretos , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Xilitol/farmacologia , Remineralização Dentária/métodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Minerais , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Desmineralização do Dente/tratamento farmacológico , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most important hemoglobinopathy in terms of frequency and social impact and can affect the stomatognathic system. AIM: To assess and compare the developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in children and adolescents with and without SCD. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative study of 210 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years, who visited the Hematology and Hemotherapy Hospital of Pernambuco. RESULTS: Developmental defects of the enamel were observed in 55.2% of the SCD patients and 35.2% of the non-SCD patients (healthy group; p < .05). In the SCD group, DDE were more common in females than in males (69.1% vs. 40.0%; p < .05). The incidence of DDE in the permanent teeth was higher in the upper arch than in the lower arch (SCD group, 13.1% vs. 4.6%; healthy group, 8.9% vs. 3.6%; p < .05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the healthy group, the SCD patients were almost twice as likely to develop DDE, mostly affecting females and the permanent teeth. These findings suggest that individuals with SCD need early dental care to avoid future oral problems.
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Anemia Falciforme , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dentição Permanente , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Esmalte Dentário , PrevalênciaRESUMO
O estudo avaliou o efeito da adição de partículas bioativas ao gel clareador (peróxido de hidrogênio 35%, técnica de consultório), quanto ao clareamento e sobre a estrutura dental, além da resistência à desmineralização. O objetivo da primeira parte do estudo foi avaliar géis, com diferentes partículas bioativas e concentrações, para o potencial clareador e às alterações da estrutura dental. O objetivo da segunda parte foi avaliar géis, com diferentes partículas bioativas e concentrações, perante a suscetibilidade do esmalte ao protocolo cariogênico e ao desgaste dental erosivo. Espécimes de incisivos bovinos foram avaliados na primeira parte por análise da cor, microdureza Knoop e rugosidade. Os grupos foram controle negativo (CN), controle comercial (CCWhiteness HP), controle experimental (CE-gel sem partícula), controle positivo (CPsolução de peróxido), e os grupos experimentais onde as partículas bioativas S-PRG e 45S5 foram utilizadas nas concentrações de 5, 10, 15 e 20 %. Na segunda parte foram avaliados por microradiografia para a alteração da densidade mineral e profundidade da lesão perante o protocolo cariogênico e pela perfilometria para o desgaste dental erosivo. Os grupos foram CN, CC, CE, controle fluoreto (CF), e os grupos experimentais onde as partículas bioativas S-PRG e 45S5 foram utilizados nas concentrações de 15 e 20 % apenas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente para verificar a diferença entre os grupos (α=5%). Para a mudança de cor (∆E*00) foi observada diferença apenas para o fator partícula, S-PRG-3,37(0,48)a e 45S5-3,67(0,76)b. Todos os grupos experimentais foram estatisticamente iguais o CP e diferentes do CN. Para a microdureza (KNH%) foi observada diferença para a interação dos fatores, sendo o S-PRG 20% o grupo com maior aumento da microdureza. Todos os grupos experimentais foram diferentes e maiores que CP, CC e CE. Não foram observadas diferenças de rugosidade entre os grupos. Para a alteração da densidade mineral foi observada diferença para a interação dos fatores e tempo. Os grupos S-PRG 15% e 20% foram os grupos que apresentaram a menor alteração da densidade mineral em todos os tempos testados. Aos 14 e 21 dias o SPRG 20% foi diferente do CN e semelhante ao CF. Para a profundidade da lesão foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para o fator partícula e tempo, S-PRG206,8(59,2)a e 45S5 230,0(63,7)b, 7 dias-148,9(19,7)a, 14 dias-217,7(22,5)b e 21 dias288,7(30,7)c. Aos 14 e 21 dias o S-PRG 20% foi diferente do CN e semelhante ao CF. Para o desgaste foi observada diferença apenas para o tempo, 5 dias-1,2(0,2)a e 10 dias-2,3(0,3)b. Conclui-se que: a adição de partículas bioativas não reduziu a efetividade clareadora, contribuiu para o aumento da microdureza e não alterou a rugosidade. Além disso, o grupo S-PRG com 20% teve suscetibilidade à desmineralização por cárie semelhante ao grupo controle fluoreto e nenhum grupo alterou a suscetibilidade ao desgaste dental erosivo (AU)
The study evaluated the consequences of bioparticle addition on tooth bleaching gel (hydrogen peroxide 35%, in-office technique), for its bleaching effect and changes on tooth structure, also for resistance against demineralization. The aim of the first part of the study was to evaluate bleaching gels containing different bioactive particles and concentrations over the bleaching potential and possible dental structural changes. The objective of the second part was to evaluate bleaching gels containing different bioactive particles and concentrations to assess enamel susceptibility to cariogenic and erosive tooth wear protocols after bleaching treatments. Bovine incisors specimens were used in the first part for analysis of color, Knoop microhardness and roughness. The groups were negative control (NC), commercial control (CCWhiteness HP), experimental control (EC-gel without particles), positive control (PCperoxide solution), and experimental groups were the bioactive particles S-PRG and 45S5 used in concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 %. In the second part, specimens were evaluated using advanced transverse microradiography to assess the change in mineral density and lesion depth in response to the cariogenic protocol, and profilometry to measure wear in response to the erosive tooth wear protocol. The groups were NC, CC, EC, fluoride control (FC), and experimental groups were the bioactive particles S-PRG and 45S5 used only in concentrations of 15 and 20 %. The data were statistically analyzed to verify the differences between the groups (α=5%). For the color change (∆E*00), a difference was observed only for particle, S-PRG3,37(0,48)a and 45S5-3,67(0,76)b. All experimental groups were statistically similar to PC and different from NC. For the microhardness (KNH%), difference was observed for factors interaction, S-PRG 20% was the group with higher hardness increase. All experimental groups were different and higher than PC, CC, and EC. No roughness differences were observed between groups. For the mineral density alteration differences were observed for factors interaction and time. S-PRG 15% and 20% presented the lower mineral density change for all measurements times. On 14 and 21 days S-PRG 20% was different from NC and similar to FC. For lesion depth differences were observed for factor particle and time, S-PRG-206,8(59,2)a and 45S5- 230,0(63,7)b, 7 days-148,9(19,7)a, 14 days-217,7(22,5)b and 21 days-288,7(30,7)c. On 14 and 21 days S-PRG 20% was different from NC and similar to FC. For wear the only difference was for time, 5 days-1,2(0,2)a and 10 days-2,3(0,3)b. It was concluded that the addition of bioactive particles did not reduce the bleaching effectiveness, it contributed to microhardness increase and did not change roughness. Furthermore, the S-PRG group with 20% susceptibility to cariogenic demineralization was similar to the fluoride control group, and no group showed a change in susceptibility to erosive tooth wear (AU)
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Clareamento Dental , Desmineralização , Cor , Desgaste dos DentesRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and confounding factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) according to the perception of 8 to 10-year-old children and their parents/caregivers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 403 students aged 8-10 years was carried out, in which OHRQoL was measured using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire administered to both children and parents/caregivers. The diagnosis of MIH was performed according to the previously proposed index. Dental caries experience, malocclusion, and sociodemographic factors were evaluated as confounders. Cluster analysis and Poisson regression with robust variance (p<0.05) were performed. Results: The prevalence of MIH was 13.4%. Parents/caregivers of children with MIH in incisors showed a higher impact prevalence in the emotional well-being domain (PR=1.92; 95%CI=1.16-3.19). Children with hypoplasia had a higher prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL in the oral symptoms domain (PR=1.51; 95%CI=1.03-2.23). According to the perception of parents/caregivers, dental caries experience had a negative impact on the quality of life of students in the emotional well-being domain (PR=4.19; 95%CI=1.06-16.49) and in the total questionnaire score (PR=3.21; 95%CI=1.06-9.71). Conclusion: According to the perception of parents/caregivers, children with MIH in incisors showed a greater impact on OHRQoL. Additionally, the presence of hypoplasia affected the self-perception of OHRQoL in children, and caries experience influenced the OHRQoL of children, as perceived by parents/caregivers.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Saúde Bucal , Desmineralização do Dente , Hipomineralização Molar , Autoimagem , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Análise Multivariada , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Regressão , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico , Razão de Prevalências , Estudos Populacionais em Saúde Pública , Fatores SociodemográficosRESUMO
Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of different fluoridated varnishes to inhibit the progression of incipient caries lesions after cariogenic challenge. Seventy-five enamel specimens of bovine teeth were prepared and selected based on the initial surface microhardness (SMH). The specimens were first subjected to artificial demineralization (in buffer solution) after which SMH was re-analyzed (SM1). They were then randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1- CONTROL (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®) (n=15). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and the specimens were then subjected to pH cycling for eight days. The SMH and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were then analyzed (SM2). The fluoride and calcium ion concentrations in the solution were analyzed by the indirect method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by Student's t-test, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer, or Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn tests for individual comparisons (p˂0.05). All varnishes led to significantly higher surface and subsurface remineralization compared with the control group but did not differ from each other. The varnishes with the highest fluoride release were: PROFL and CLIN, followed by MI VAR and DUR. The varnishes with significantly higher release of calcium were: DUR, CLIN, and PROFL. In conclusion, all commercial fluoridated varnishes tested have good potential to inhibit the progression of demineralization, regardless of the ion release mechanisms.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o potencial de diferentes vernizes fluoretados em inibir a progressão de lesões de cárie incipientes. Setenta e cinco espécimes de esmalte de dentes bovinos foram preparados e selecionados com base na microdureza superficial inicial (MDS/SM). Os espécimes foram submetidos à desmineralização artificial (em solução de Buskes), sendo então a MDS (SM1) reanalisada. Foram então distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos experimentais: 1- CONTROLE (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®). Os vernizes foram aplicados em camada fina e os espécimes foram então submetidos à ciclagem de pH por oito dias. A MDS final (SM2) e a microdureza transversal (CSMH) foram então analisadas. As concentrações de flúor e íons cálcio em solução foram analisadas pelo método indireto e espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T de Student, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer ou testes de Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn para comparações individuais (p˂0,05). Todos os vernizes levaram a uma remineralização superficial e subsuperficial significativamente maior em comparação com o grupo controle, não diferindo significativamente entre si. Os vernizes com maior liberação de flúor foram: PROFL e CLIN, seguidos de MI VAR e DUR. Os vernizes com liberação significativamente maior de cálcio foram: DUR, CLIN e PROFL. Pôde-se concluir que todos os vernizes fluoretados comerciais testados apresentam bom potencial de inibição da progressão da desmineralização, independentemente dos mecanismos de liberação de íons.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acid challenge on the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the Dentinoenamel junction of primary and permanent teeth submitted to radiotherapy. For this purpose, a total of 178 dental fragments obtained from molars were used, and randomly divided into 2 groups (primary and permanent teeth) / 4 experimental subgroups (irradiated and non-irradiated, demineralized and non-demineralized). The fragments were exposed to radiation, with a dose fraction of 2 Gy, for 5 consecutive days, until a total dose of 60 Gy was reached, with a total of 30 cycles, for 6 weeks. To determine the activity of MMPs on the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ), in situ zymography assays on 0.6mm dental fragments were performed. To assess whether MMP activity would be impacted by an acidic environment, the fragments were placed in a demineralizing solution (pH of 4.8). The finding was that irradiation activated MMPs in DEJ and these effects were more evident in permanent when compared with primary teeth. When the effect of an acid challenge on MMPs activity was investigated, demineralization was observed not to increase MMPs activity in non-irradiated teeth, but it did increase MMPs activity in irradiated teeth. In conclusion, an acid challenge was found to exacerbate activation of MMPs in DEJ of permanent teeth submitted to irradiation, but not in primary teeth.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of 10% nanohydroxyapatite in an experimental resin infiltrant on color stability and mineral loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bovine enamel blocks were randomized into five groups (n = 27/group): SE (sound enamel); ICL (initial caries lesion); I (Icon®); E (experimental infiltrant); EH (experimental infiltrant containing 10% nanohydroxyapatite). Color evaluation (n = 15) was performed and CIEL*a*b* values were obtained at points T0 (baseline), T1 (14 days immersed on coffee solution), and T2 (28 days immersed) and data were calculated ∆E00, ∆WID, ∆L*, ∆a*, and ∆b*. Cross-sectional microhardness (n = 12) was performed and lesion area (∆S) was calculated. Images were obtained with polarized light optical microscopy at 40 × magnification (n = 5). RESULTS: In color stability results, there was significant difference between time (14 and 28 days); ICL demonstrated significant difference among treated groups in all measures (∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, ∆E00, ∆WID) regardless of time; I and E demonstrated similar behavior on those measures and EH differed from I in ∆L*. For ∆S, ICL group showed a significant difference compared to I and EH groups, but did not differ from E. CONCLUSION: The nanohydroxyapatite incorporation suggested an effective mineral recovery on initial caries lesion in depth; however, it showed high color variation, such as Icon. In terms of ∆S, I and EH had lower mineral loss, suggesting a reinforcement on initial caries lesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Commercial and experimental infiltrants containing nanohydroxyapatite present low color stability and might reinforce mineral in initial caries lesion.
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Cárie Dentária , Resinas Sintéticas , Animais , Bovinos , Resinas Sintéticas/uso terapêutico , Esmalte Dentário , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Minerais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Considering the lack of studies investigating salivary substitutes to control post-radiation caries for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticaries effects of BioXtra® on the microcosm biofilm formed on different enamel types (non-irradiated and irradiated) and from distinct saliva sources (control and HNC patients). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-irradiated and irradiated enamel specimens were treated with BioXtra®, phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS; negative control), or 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX; positive control) for 1 min. Biofilm was produced from human saliva (healthy participants with normal salivary flow for the control group or irradiated HNC patients with hyposalivation for the HNC group), mixed with McBain saliva, under 0.2% sucrose exposure, daily submitted to the treatments (1 min), for 5 days. Bacterial metabolic activity, biofilm viability, CFU counting, and enamel demineralization were determined. RESULTS: BioXtra® significantly reduced the bacterial metabolic activity for both enamel types and the inoculum sources, being more effective for the irradiated enamel or for the saliva from the control group. Similarly, BioXtra® significantly reduced the biofilm viability, the CFU for total microorganisms, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli, and was able to significantly reduce the mineral loss and the lesion depth compared to PBS. CHX was an effective treatment to significantly reduce all parameters, performing better than BioXtra® and reinforcing its reliable efficiency as a positive control. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the enamel type and the inoculum source, BioXtra® presented antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticaries effects under this experimental model, which should be confirmed in further clinical studies.
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Neoplasias , Desmineralização do Dente , Humanos , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Desmineralização do Dente/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Biofilmes , Saliva/microbiologiaRESUMO
The objective of the research was to examine the scientific literature concerning restorative materials with bioactive properties for the purpose of covering dentin. Searches were performed in various databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs/BBO, and Embase. Inclusion criteria involved studies that utilized the terms "dentin" and "bioactive", along with "ion-releasing", "smart materials", "biomimetic materials" and "smart replacement for dentin". The information extracted included the title, authors, publication year, journal and the country of affiliation of the corresponding author. The studies were categorized based on their study design, type of material, substrate, analytical method, and bioactivity. A total of 7161 records were recovered and 159 were included for data extraction. Most of the publications were in vitro studies (n = 149), testing different types of materials in sound dentine (n = 115). Most studies were published in Dental Materials (n = 29), and an increase in publications could be observed after the year 2000. Most of the articles were from the USA (n = 34), followed by Brazil (n = 28). Interfacial analysis was the most investigated (n = 105), followed by bond strength (n = 86). Bioactivity potential was demonstrated for most tested materials (n = 148). This review presents insights into the current trends of bioactive materials development, clearly showing a severe lack of clinical studies.
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Casein is one of the most studied proteins with activity against dental caries. In particular, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has shown promising remineralizing properties. In vivo evidence on the anticaries potential of CPP-ACP added to foodstuffs is elusive, nonetheless. Hence, this systematic review aimed at determining whether the use of CPP-ACP added to foodstuffs has a remineralizing or inhibitory action on dental demineralization either in vivo or in situ. The review protocol followed the PRISMA-P criteria and was registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using predefined criteria, based on the PICO question: Is there an effect on dental caries upon adding CPP-ACP to milk, chewing gums, or candies? No year or language limits were applied. Article selection and data extraction were carried out independently by 2 investigators. Two hundred ten titles were examined, 23 were selected for full-text review, and 16 studies were included (2 in vivo and 14 in situ). CPP-ACP was added to candy in 2 studies, to milk in 2 studies, and to chewing gum in 12 studies. The main outcomes included enamel remineralization and activity against dental biofilm. The overall quality of the evidence was classified as moderate. The available evidence suggests that CPP-ACP added to milk, chewing gum, or candy has a potential remineralizing activity on tooth enamel, with some additional antibacterial activity on the dental biofilm. Further clinical studies are needed to verify if this effect is clinically significant in reducing the caries lesion incidence or to revert the demineralizing process.
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Goma de Mascar , Cárie Dentária , Animais , Humanos , Cariostáticos , Caseínas/farmacologia , Leite , Fosfopeptídeos , Remineralização Dentária/métodosRESUMO
The maintenance of affected dentin can promote the greater conservation of tooth structure. The development of materials that have properties capable of reducing the demineralizing potential and/or even helping in dental remineralization is important for conservative dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the alkalizing potential, fluoride as well as calcium ion release ability, antimicrobial activity, and dentin remineralization properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) incorporated with a bioactive filler (niobium phosphate (NbG) and bioglass (45S5)). The study samples were grouped into RMGIC, NbG, and 45S5. The materials' alkalizing potential, ability to release calcium as well as fluoride ions, and antimicrobial properties concerning Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms were analyzed. The remineralization potential was evaluated using the Knoop microhardness test, which was performed at different depths. The alkalizing and fluoride release potential was higher for the 45S5 group (p < 0.001) over time. An increase in the microhardness of demineralized dentin was observed in the 45S5 and NbG groups (p < 0.001). No differences in biofilm formation were observed between the bioactive materials, although 45S5 exhibited lower biofilm acidogenicity at different time points (p < 0.001) and greater calcium ion release in the microbial environment. A resin-modified glass ionomer cement enriched with bioactive glasses, particularly 45S5, is a promising alternative for the treatment of demineralized dentin.
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OBJECTIVES: Test the hypothesis the type of enamel caries (natural, artificial induced by gel, and artificial induced by acid solutions) affect the organic volume and the permeability of the surface layer in enamel caries lesions. DESIGN: Artificial enamel caries, induced by either acidic solution (organic-poor; Group 1) or acidic gel (organic-rich; Group 2), and natural non-cavitated inactive approximal enamel caries lesions (NEC; Group 3) were obtained, from which longitudinal ground sections were prepared. Measurements of the mineral (Vmin) (by microradiography), and water (α) and organic (ß) volumes (by optical birefringence) were obtained at three points in the surface layer (n = 30/group). RESULTS: The main outcomes were the ratio between experimental ß by predicted ß (ß Ratio) and the ratio between experimental and predicted permeabilities (αd Ratio). ß Ratio in Group 1 was lower than in Groups 2 (Cohen's d: -1.81; 95% CI:-1.45,-2.32; p < 0.001) and 3 (Cohen's d: -0.71; 95% CI:-0.27,-1.18; p = 0.004), and Group 2 surpassed Group 3 (Cohen's d: 0.49; 95% CI:0.07,0.94; p = 0.03). αd Ratio in Group 1 was higher than in Groups 2 (Cohen's d: 1.86; 95% CI:1.49,2.33; p < 0.001) and 3 (Cohen's d: 0.60; 95% CI:0.18,1.14; p = 0.01), and Group 3 surpassed Group 2 (Cohen's d: 0.61; 95% CI:0.23,1.07; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The highest organic volume and the lowest permeability occurred at the surface layer of gel-induced artificial enamel caries lesions, which should be preferred in in vitro studies on de- and remineralization and resin infiltration.
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Cárie Dentária , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Minerais , Permeabilidade , Remineralização DentáriaRESUMO
SUMMARY: The aim of the present in vitro study is to visualize dentin to get an in-depth knowledge of the nature of dentin that could provide useful information regarding conditioning dentinal substrate when treating dentinal lesions. Forty-nine extracted human third molars were obtained and prepared to produce artificial dentinal lesions through demineralizing with acetic acid for 7 and 14 days, or lactic acid for 7 days. The teeth were divided into groups and treated with either NaOCl, pepsin, trypsin, or phosphoric acid. To obtain information on the morphology of the treated dentinal surfaces, all samples were visualized under high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope. With high magnification reaching x50000 dentin was clearly visualized together with its constitutes. The effect of various demineralization approaches and various treatment protocols were demonstrated clearly. The relationship between the conditioning procedure steps and the subsequent bond strength was discussed. To our best knowledge, there is no previous clear highly magnified scanning electron microscope images for dentin, and dentinal components and constitutes with and without various treatments. The current in vitro study suggests the complexity nature of dentin as a substrate that should be treated carefully especially with technique sensitive procedures such as adhesive restorations.
El objetivo del presente estudio in vitro fue visualizar la dentina para obtener un conocimiento completo de la naturaleza de ella lo que podría proporcionar información útil sobre el acondicionamiento del sustrato dentinario en el tratamiento de lesiones dentinarias. Se obtuvieron 49 terceros molares humanos extraídos y se prepararon para producir lesiones dentinales artificiales mediante desmineralización con ácido acético por 7 y 14 días, o ácido láctico por 7 días. Los dientes se dividieron en grupos y se trataron con NaOCl, pepsina, tripsina o ácido fosfórico. Para obtener información sobre la morfología de las superficies dentinarias tratadas, todas las muestras se visualizaron bajo un microscopio electrónico de barrido de emisión de campo de alta resolución. Con un gran aumento que alcanzó x50000, la dentina se visualizó claramente junto con sus componentes. Se demostró el efecto de varios enfoques de desmineralización y varios protocolos de tratamiento. Se discutió la relación entre los pasos del procedimiento de acondicionamiento y la subsiguiente fuerza de unión. Hasta donde sabemos, no hay imágenes claras previas de microscopio electrónico de barrido altamente ampliadas para la dentina y los componentes y constituyentes de la dentina con y sin diferentes tratamientos. El estudio in vitro actual sugiere la naturaleza compleja de la dentina como sustrato que debe tratarse con cuidado, especialmente en los procedimientos sensibles a la técnica, tal como las restauraciones adhesivas.