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Electrophysiology in plants is understudied, and, moreover, an ideal model for student inclusion at all levels of education. Here, we report on an investigation in open science, whereby scientists worked with high school students, faculty, and undergraduates from Chile, Germany, Serbia, South Korea, and the USA. The students recorded the electrophysiological signals of >15 plant species in response to a flame or tactile stimulus applied to the leaves. We observed that approximately 60% of the plants studied showed an electrophysiological response, with a delay of ~ 3-6 s after stimulus presentation. In preliminary conduction velocity experiments, we verified that observed signals are indeed biological in origin, with information transmission speeds of ~ 2-9 mm/s. Such easily replicable experiments can serve to include more investigators and students in contributing to our understanding of plant electrophysiology.

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RESUMO

Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a rapidly advancing multidisciplinary field in which South American countries such as Chile, Argentina, and Brazil have made notable contributions and have established leadership positions in the region. In recent years, efforts have strengthened SynBio in the rest of the countries, and although progress is significant, growth has not matched that of the aforementioned countries. Initiatives such as iGEM and TECNOx have introduced students and researchers from various countries to the foundations of SynBio. Several factors have hindered progress in the field, including scarce funding from both public and private sources for synthetic biology projects, an underdeveloped biotech industry, and a lack of policies to promote bio-innovation. However, open science initiatives such as the DIY movement and OSHW have helped to alleviate some of these challenges. Similarly, the abundance of natural resources and biodiversity make South America an attractive location to invest in and develop SynBio projects.

RESUMO

Light-based bioprinter manufacturing technology is still prohibitively expensive for organizations that rely on accessing three-dimensional biological constructs for research and tissue engineering endeavors. Currently, most of the bioprinting systems are based on commercial-grade-based systems or modified DIY (do it yourself) extrusion apparatuses. However, to date, few examples of the adoption of low-cost equipment have been found for light-based bioprinters. The requirement of large volumes of bioinks, their associated cost, and the lack of information regarding the parameter selection have undermined the adoption of this technology. This paper showcases the retrofitting and assessing of a low-cost Light-Based 3D printing system for tissue engineering. To evaluate the potential of a proposed design, a manufacturability test for different features, machine parameters, and Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) concentrations for 7.5% and 10% was performed. Furthermore, a case study of a previously seeded hydrogel with C2C12 cells was successfully implemented as a proof of concept. On the manufacturability test, deviational errors were found between 0.7% to 13.3% for layer exposure times of 15 and 20 s. Live/Dead and Actin-Dapi fluorescence assays after 5 days of culture showed promising results in the cell viability, elongation, and alignment of 3D bioprinted structures. The retrofitting of low-cost equipment has the potential to enable researchers to create high-resolution structures and three-dimensional in vitro models.

RESUMO

Pour discuter le thème plus général de l'invention qui se présente dans la clinique psychanalytique, cet article propose de penser la question des solutions de contournement comme des cas particuliers d'invention marqués par la dimension de la précarité. Cette précarité nous intéresse dans la mesure où elle nous permet d'accéder à une lecture non idéalisée de ce que Lacan formule comme invention sur le destin donné au symptôme dans le terme d'une psychanalyse, qui serait une manière de faire avec quelque chose pour laquelle il n'y a pas de programmation symbolique définie. Dans cette perspective, nous pensons que la pratique du psychanalyste actualise le bricolage de la solution de contournement comme une fuite vers la singularité inventive.

Visando discutir o tema mais geral da invenção que se apresenta no âmbito da clínica psicanalítica, este trabalho propõe pensar a questão da gambiarra como um caso particular de invenção marcada pela dimensão da precariedade. Essa precariedade interessa na medida em que nos permite alcançar uma leitura não idealizada do que Lacan formula como invenção acerca do destino dado ao sintoma no termo de uma psicanálise, que seria um modo de se haver com algo para o qual não se dispõe de uma programação simbólica definida. Nessa perspectiva, acreditamos que a prática do psicanalista atualiza a bricolagem da gambiarra como um escape para a singularidade inventiva.

In order to discuss the more general theme of the invention that presents itself in the scope of psychoanalytic clinic, this work propose to think about the issue of the workaround as a particular case of invention marked by the dimension of precariousness. This precariousness is of interest hereto the extent that it allows us to achieve a non-idealized reading of what Lacan formulates as an invention to describe the destiny given to the symptom at the end of a psychoanalysis, which would be a way of dealing with something for which there is no predefined symbolic setting. From this perspective, we believe that the psychoanalyst's practice updates the DIY aspect of the workaround as an escape towards the inventive singularity.

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RESUMO

El transhumanismo convive con la humanidad. La presente reflexión analiza el Biopunk, movimiento contracultural que rompe los esquemas tradicionales de investigar del Big Science. Aquel enmarca su gestión investigativa en la ética DIYBio ­Do It Yourself, hágalo usted mismo­, enriqueciendo los canales tecnocientíficos desde la Small Science. Realizando un rastreo desde el movimiento del punk rock de los años setenta, pasando por el Cyber y Cypherpunk, llegando al Biopunk y el accionar de los biohackers, se contrastan sus bases éticas con la autonomía, vulnerabilidad y justicia propias de la bioética. Se identifica un campo, el cual la bioética no ha ocupado; su encuentro con el Biopunk y la manera como podría aquella realizar su aproximación al mencionado movimiento contracultural.

Transhumanism coexists with humanity. The present reflection analyzes the Biopunk, a countercultural movement that breaks with the traditional ways of investigating Big Science. That frames his investigative management in the DIYBio ethic ­Do It Yourself, do it yourself­, enriching the technoscientific channels from the Small Science. Performing a tracking from the punk rock movement of the seventies, going through the Cyber and Cypherpunk, coming to Biopunk and the actions of biohackers, their ethical bases are contrasted with the autonomy, vulnerability and justice of bioethics. A field is identified which bioethics has not occupied; his encounter with Biopunk and the way he could make his approach to the mentioned countercultural movement.

O transumanismo coexiste com a humanidade. A presente reflexão analisa o Biopunk, um movimento contracultural que rompe com as formas tradicionais de investigar a Big Science. Isso enquadra sua gestão investigativa na ética DIYBio ­Do It Yourself, faça você mesmo­, enriquecendo os canais tecnocientíficos da Small Science. Realizando um rastreamento do movimento punk rock dos anos setenta, passando pelo Cyber e Cypherpunk, chegando ao Biopunk e as ações dos biohackers, suas bases éticas são contrastadas com a autonomia, vulnerabilidade e justiça da bioética. Um campo é identificado que a bioética não ocupou; seu encontro com Biopunk e a maneira como ele poderia fazer sua abordagem ao mencionado movimento contracultural.

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