RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to engineer and optimise a dysbiotic biofilm model to develop in vitro root caries for investigating microbial modulation strategies. The model involved growing complex biofilms from a saliva inoculum collected from four volunteers using two strategies. In the first strategy ("pre-treatment strategy"), bovine root slabs were used, and two natural compounds were incorporated at time 0 of the 10-day biofilm experiment, which included sucrose cycles mimicking the cariogenic environment. In the second strategy ("post-treatment strategy"), mature biofilms were grown in a modified Calgary biofilm device coated with collagen and hydroxyapatite for 7 days and then were exposed to the same natural compounds. The metatranscriptome of each biofilm was then determined and analysed. Collagenase activity was examined, and the biofilms and dentine were imaged using confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mineral loss and lesion formation were confirmed through micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). RESULTS: The pH confirmed the cariogenic condition. In the metatranscriptome, we achieved a biofilm compositional complexity, showing a great diversity of the metabolically active microbiome in both pre- and post-treatment strategies, including reads mapped to microorganisms other than bacteria, such as archaea and viruses. Carbohydrate esterases had increased expression in the post-treated biofilms and in samples without sugar cycles, while glucosyltransferases were highly expressed in the presence of sucrose cycles. Enrichment for functions related to nitrogen compound metabolism and organic cyclic component metabolism in groups without sucrose compared to the sucrose-treated group. Pre-treatment of the roots with cranberry reduced microbial viability and gelatinase (but not collagenase) activity (p < 0.05). SEM images showed the complexity of biofilms was maintained, with a thick extracellular polysaccharides layer. CONCLUSIONS: This root caries model was optimized to produce complex cariogenic biofilms and root caries-like lesions, and could be used to test microbial modulation in vitro. Pre-treatments before biofilm development and cariogenic challenges were more effective than post-treatments. The clinical significance lies in the potential to apply the findings to develop varnish products for post-professional tooth prophylaxis, aiming at implementing a strategy for dysbiosis reversal in translational research. Video Abstract.

Assuntos

Biofilmes , Microbiota , Cárie Radicular , Saliva , Humanos , Cárie Radicular/microbiologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Bovinos , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Dentina/microbiologia , Colagenases/metabolismo

RESUMO

Objective: Compare: frequency, severity and location of dental caries between archaeological populations of the Sacsayhuamán and Machupicchu samples. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study. The variable dental caries was observed directly in the Sacsayhuamán and Machupicchu samples from the Cusco culture directorate. 39 individuals from the Sacsayhuamán sample with 566 teeth and 49 individuals from the Machupicchu sample with 467 teeth were analyzed. The unit of analysis was the tooth. The variable was statistically analyzed by frequencies and proportions and the differences were analyzed using the Chi test. -square. Results: In the Sacsayhuamán sample, pieces with cavities had a frequency of 31.8%, while in the Machupicchu sample they reached a frequency of 23,6%. Regarding the location: in the Sacsayhuamán sample: The following frequencies were obtained: occlusal caries 44,38%, coronary caries 3,37%, caries in the amelocemental line 32,58%, root caries 19,66%; while in the Machupicchu sample the following were obtained: occlusal caries in 60,91%, coronary caries in 3,62%, caries in the amelocemental line in 24,55%, root caries in 12,91%. Regarding severity, we found the following frequencies: in the Sacsayhuamán sample: enamel/cementum caries in 52,81%, dentin caries 33,71%, pulp involvement caries 13,14%, while in the Machupicchu sample: enamel/cementum caries 49,09%, cavities of dentin in (27,27%), caries involving pulp involvement 23,64%. Conclusions: When comparing the samples, differences were found with respect to the frequency of dental caries and with respect to the location, but no differences were found with respect to the severity.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effect of NaF/Chit suspensions on enamel and on S. mutans biofilm, simulating application of a mouthrinse. METHODS: The NaF/Chit particle suspensions were prepared at molar ratio [NaF]/Chitmon]≈0.68 at nominal concentrations of 0.2 % and 0.05 % NaF and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. The S. mutans biofilm was formed for 7 days on eighty human enamel blocks that were divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): i) 0.05 % NaF solution; ii) 0.31 % Chit solution; iii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.05 % NaF; iv) 1.0 % HAc solution (Control); v) 0.2 % NaF solution; vi) 1.25 % Chit solution; vii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 % NaF; viii) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate. The substances were applied daily for 90 s. S. mutans cell counts (CFU/mL) were performed, and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) of enamel samples were measured before and after biofilm formation. The KHN and CFU/mL data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Interactions between NaF and Chit were evidenced in solid state by FTIR spectra. The NaF/Chit complexes showed spontaneous microparticle formation and colloidal stability. The MIC and MBC ranged from 0.65 to 1.31 mg/mL. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 %NaF Group showed lower CFU/mL values than other groups. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions Groups had the highest KHN values after biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) complexes exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm and reduced the enamel hardness loss. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions showed potential to be used as a mouthrinse for caries prevention.

Assuntos

Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Quitosana , Esmalte Dentário , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fluoreto de Sódio , Streptococcus mutans , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Quitosana/farmacologia , Quitosana/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Antissépticos Bucais/química , Coloides , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Cariostáticos/química

RESUMO

Objectives: To test the biological properties of a novel non-restorative treatment method for arresting dentin caries based on silver nanoclusters (AgNCls) synthesized in polymethacrylic acid (PMAA). Methods: Synthesis of AgNCls was performed by photoreduction of AgNO3 in PMAA with 355 nm/wavelength light. AgNCls/PMAA was characterized by absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy and optical and atomic force microscopy. The stability of the clusters in an aerated PMAA solution was evaluated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay and antibacterial effect was determined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). 38% Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) was used for the control groups. Results: Chemical and structural identity of the clusters did not change within 9 months; Cell viability of 92%-89% was found after 24-48 h respectively. MIC and MBC were determined from 1:16 and 1:8 dilutions, respectively. Log CFU counts of S. mutans, and L. acidophilus treated with AgNCls/PMAA (3.4 ppm of silver) were significantly lower than in the control groups and even lower than when the same bacterial strains were treated with SDF (15,525 ppm of silver). Conclusions: AgNCls/PMAA presented chemical stability, acceptable cytotoxicity, and a potential antibacterial effect for strains associated with caries lesions at very low concentrations of silver.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Assess whether the independent variables (IV) such as number of MIH-affected molars, MIH severity, past caries experience, visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), age, and gender affect the presence of caries lesion (DMF_s) in first permanent molars, considering or not atypical restoration in MIH-affected molars as a previous caries lesion. METHODS: A sample of 476 schoolchildren, aged 6-10 years, were evaluated for MIH and caries diagnosis, using the Severity Scoring System (MIH-SSS) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), respectively. From the ICDAS, the DF-s/ D-s and df-s were calculated. The Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Regression was used to evaluate the impact of the IV on the dependent variable, considering or not the restorative component in MIH-affected molars. RESULTS: When the presence of caries was evaluated with the restorative component, age, MIH severity and past caries experience had a significant impact on the dependent variable (R2 = 0.176). Without the restorative component in MIH-affected molars, only age and past caries experience were statistically significant (R2 = 0.167). CONCLUSION: Since in the case of MIH teeth restoration may be attributed to post-eruptive breakdown rather than previous caries lesions, in the present study MIH did not influence the presence of caries lesions in the MIH-affected molars showing that restoration is not an adequate parameter for measuring the historical occurrence of caries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The first permanent molars may not necessarily be at an increased risk of caries due to MIH if the etiological factors for caries development are effectively managed.

Assuntos

Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária , Dente Molar , Humanos , Criança , Dente Molar/patologia , Feminino , Masculino , Índice Periodontal , Índice de Placa Dentária , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Dentição Permanente

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the association between residing in municipalities with armed conflict and dental caries among adults in Colombia. METHODS: Data from 9,194 individuals aged 18-79 years, who participated in the Fourth National Oral Health Survey in 2014, were linked with information on the presence and intensity of the armed conflict experienced in their municipality of residence between 2000 and 2012 (extracted from the Resource Centre for Conflicts Analysis). Dental caries was determined through clinical examinations and summarised using the numbers of decayed teeth (DT), decayed and filled teeth (DFT), and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). Two-level negative binomial regression models were fitted, with adults nested within municipalities, to test the association between armed conflict indicators and caries outcomes after adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: The mean DT, DFT, and DMFT scores were 1.75 (SD = 2.36), 6.03 (SD = 4.53), and 10.27 (SD = 7.11), respectively. Of the 197 municipalities included in the analysis, 12.2% experienced conflict permanently and 18.3% experienced high-intensity conflict. In crude analysis, adults living in municipalities with more presence and intensity of armed conflict had lower DT and DMFT, but not DFT scores. After adjustment for covariates, only the (high) intensity of conflict was associated with lower DT (rate ratio: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-0.87), DFT (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95), and DMFT scores (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that Colombian adults residing in municipalities with high intensity of conflict had lower levels of untreated disease and caries experience.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cytokines play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of dental caries. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with the following three objectives: 1)To deepen and discuss through a comprehensive analysis of the literature the effects of dental caries on the activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults, 2)To compare the levels of this cytokines in saliva of the exposure group (moderate-severe dental caries) with the control group (caries-free or mild dental caries), and 3)To determine whether the levels of these cytokines could be used as a complementary clinical diagnostic tool to assess the severity of dental caries. METHODS: The protocol followed PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MF74V . A digital search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Schoolar databases from February 15th, 2012, to January 13th, 2024. The methodological validity of the selected studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to evaluate the association between dental caries/health, and the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. RESULTS: The search strategy provided a total of 126 articles, of which 15 investigations met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 1,148, of which 743 represented the case/exposure group, and 405 represented the control group. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 25 years. IL-6 was the most prevalent cytokine in the saliva of children and young adults with active dental caries. The meta-analysis revealed that there are significant differences between the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva of children with active dental caries compared to their control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that IL-6 and TNF-α levels may have potential as complementary biomarkers for assessing dental caries severity. However, further research is needed to validate these findings in larger and more diverse populations before clinical application.

Assuntos

Cárie Dentária , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8 , Saliva , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Saliva/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/análise , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/análise , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/análise

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this in vivo proof-of-concept study, acquired pellicle engineering was implemented to promote alterations in the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) and the bacterial composition of the dental biofilm after treatment with Sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5). DESIGN: After prophylaxis, 10 volunteers rinsed (10 mL, 1 min) with the following solutions: 1) deionized water (H2O- negative control or 2) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. The AEP and biofilm were formed along 2 or 3 h, respectively. The AEP was collected with electrode filter papers soaked in 3 % citric acid. After protein extraction, samples were analyzed by quantitative shotgun label-free proteomics. The biofilm microbiome was collected with a dental curette. The DNA was extracted, amplified, and analyzed by 16S-rRNA Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). RESULTS: Treatment with CaneCPI-5 increased several proteins with antimicrobial, acid-resistance, affinity for hydroxyapatite, structural and calcium binding properties, such as Cysteine-rich-3 (6-fold-p = 0.03), Cystatin-B (5.5-fold-p < 0.01), Neutrophil-defensin 1 (4.7-fold-p < 0.01), Mucin (3.9-fold-p < 0.01), Immunoglobulin-heavy-constant (3.8-fold-p < 0.01) and Lactotransferrin (2.8-fold-p < 0.01). Microbiome revealed that several commensal bacteria had their abundance increased after rinsing with CaneCPI-5, such as Corynebacterium and Neisseria, while Streptococcus and Prevotella nigrescens were decreased. The results indicate the efficiency of CaneCPI-5 in promoting beneficial changes in the AEP and biofilm, making this phytocystatin a potential target for incorporation into dental products. CONCLUSION: Cane demonstrated the capability to alter the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) and the initial colonizers of the biofilm, enhancing the presence of proteins and bacteria crucial for dental protection.

Assuntos

Biofilmes , Película Dentária , Proteômica , Película Dentária/microbiologia , Humanos , Microbiota , Masculino , Adulto , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Feminino , Cistatinas , Estudo de Prova de Conceito

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To develop a protocol for forming subsurface caries lesions on bovine enamel by dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. DESIGN: Biofilms were grown on bovine enamel specimens in artificial saliva (AS) for seven days. After 24 h of formation, the AS was supplemented or not with fluoride (F) using sodium fluoride (0.005 or 0.008 ppm F), and the biofilms were exposed or not to a 20 % sucrose solution (reproducing a cariogenic challenge) once/day. On the seventh day, the biofilms were harvested and had their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and inorganic components analyzed. The specimens were subjected to computed X-ray microtomography analysis to determine their mineral concentration. Data were compared using two-way analyses of variance, followed by Fisher's LSD or Student-Newman-Keuls tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge had significantly higher EPS concentrations than those not exposed, regardless of the presence of F. For biofilms grown with 0.008 ppm F, those exposed to the cariogenic challenge had lower F levels than those not exposed. For biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge, those grown with 0.008 ppm F had lower lesion depths and integrated mineral loss, and higher outer layers than those grown without F. CONCLUSIONS: The dual biofilm model assessed was able to create subsurface caries lesions in bovine enamel in vitro, which was influenced by the presence of F in the culture medium and exposure to sucrose.

Assuntos

Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Cárie Dentária , Esmalte Dentário , Streptococcus mutans , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Sacarose/farmacologia , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Modelos Animais

RESUMO

Carbohydrates have a dietary role, but excessive consumption of high-calorie sugars can contribute to an increased incidence of metabolic diseases and dental caries. Recently, carbohydrates with sweetening properties and low caloric value, such as D-tagatose, have been investigated as alternative sugars. D-tagatose is a rare sugar that has nutritional and functional properties of great interest for health. This literature review presents an approach to the biological effects of D-tagatose, emphasizing its benefits for oral health. Studies report that D-tagatose has antioxidant and prebiotic effects, low digestibility, reduced glycemic and insulinemic responses, and the potential to improve the lipid profile, constituting an alternative for diabetes mellitus and obesity. It can also be observed that D-tagatose has an antioxidant action, favoring the elimination of free radicals and, consequently, causing a reduction in cellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also has antibacterial potential against oral species. Regarding oral health, studies have shown that D-tagatose efficiently reversed bacterial coaggregations, including periodontopathogenic species, and impaired the activity and growth of cariogenic bacteria, such as S. mutans. D-tagatose significantly inhibited biofilm formation, pH decrease and insoluble glucan synthesis in S. mutans cultures. Salivary S. mutans counts were also significantly reduced by the consumption of chewing gum containing D-tagatose and xylitol. In addition, there is evidence that tagatose is effective as an air-polishing powder for biofilm decontamination. The literature indicates that D-tagatose can contribute to the prevention of systemic diseases, also constituting a promising agent to improve oral health.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes , Hexoses , Hexoses/farmacologia , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Saúde Bucal , Prebióticos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Animais

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recently, trials have supported changes in deep caries management. However, reporting might lack details, affecting interpretation and implementation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the adherence to the CONSORT statement and the risk of bias of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on deep caries management published in pediatric dental journals. METHODS: We searched PubMed for RCTs in six pediatric dental journals between 2010 and 2022, focusing on deep caries lesion management. Adherence to the CONSORT guideline and the risk of bias were assessed using a modified tool with 19 items; each scored from 0 to 2 (maximum of 38 points), and the Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB 2) tool. We performed descriptive and regression analyses (α = 5%). RESULTS: We analyzed 127 RCTs. The mean (standard deviation) CONSORT adherence score was 21.1 (6.7). Notably, 96.1% of the studies received a score of 2 for the "intervention" item, whereas 83.5% scored 0 for the "estimated effect size". The risk of bias assessment revealed that 40.2% of the RCTs were at high risk, 59% were at low risk, and 0.8% were at low risk. RCTs with a high risk of bias had lower CONSORT scores (p<0.001) than those with low or some concerns. RCTs published in journals without the endorsement of the CONSORT statement had lower scores than those in journals with the endorsement of the CONSORT statement. Older RCTs (6-10 years old and more than 10 years old) showed significantly lower CONSORT statement compliance than trials published recently within 5 years. CONCLUSION: Adherence to the CONSORT was relatively low among the investigated RCTs. Moreover, lower adherence to the CONSORT was associated with a higher risk of bias. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework - DOI ( 10.17605/OSF.IO/V6SYZ ).

Assuntos

Viés , Cárie Dentária , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/normas

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE) and cranberry on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). METHODS: This systematic review was performed following the parameters of the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Electronic and manual searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Reference lists of selected articles were reviewed to identify relevant studies. The search was not limited by year and was conducted solely in English. Eligible studies comprised publications describing in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of flavonoids derived from GSE and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of S. mutans. Common variables were identified to consolidate the data. Authors of this review independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 420 studies identified from the different databases, 22 publications were finally selected for review. The risk of bias was low in 13 articles and moderate in 9. The studies analyzed in this review revealed that cranberry extract has an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. mutans in ranges from 0.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL, and GSE exerts a similar effect from 0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL. Additionally, the extracts or their fractions showed reduced biofilm formation capacity, decreased polymicrobial biofilm biomass, deregulation of glycosyltransferases (Gtf) B and C expression, and buffering of pH drop. In addition to adequate antioxidant activity related to polyphenol content. CONCLUSIONS: The overall results showed that the extracts of cranberry and grape seed were effective in reducing the virulence factors of the oral pathogen. According to the data, proanthocyanidins are the active components in cranberry and grape seed that effectively resist S. mutans. They can inhibit the formation of insoluble polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix and prevent glycan-mediated adhesion, cohesion, and aggregation of the proteins in S. mutans. This suggests that these natural extracts could play an important role in the prevention of cariogenic bacterial colonization, as well as induce a decrease in their microbiological activity.

Assuntos

Flavonoides , Extrato de Sementes de Uva , Extratos Vegetais , Streptococcus mutans , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Vitis , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze multiple-causal models, including socioeconomic, obesity, sugar consumption, alcohol smoking, caries, and periodontitis variables in pregnant women with early sugar exposure, obesity, and the Chronic Oral Disease Burden in their offspring around the first 1000 days of life. METHODS: The BRISA cohort study, Brazil, had two assessments: at the 22nd-25th gestational weeks and during the child's second year (n = 1141). We proposed a theoretical model exploring the association between socioeconomic and pregnancy factors (age, smoking, alcohol, sugars, obesity, periodontitis, and caries) and child's variables (sugars and overweight) with the outcome, Chronic Oral Disease Burden (latent variable deduced from visible plaque, gingivitis, and tooth decay), using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Caries and periodontitis were correlated in pregnant women. Addictive behaviors in the gestational period were correlated. Obesity (Standardized coefficient - SC = 0.081; p = 0.047) and added sugar consumption (SC = 0.142; p = 0.041) were observed intergenerationally in the pregnant woman-child dyads. Sugar consumption by the children (SC = 0.210; p = 0.041) increased the Chronic Oral Disease Burden. CONCLUSIONS: Poor caries and periodontal indicators were correlated in pregnant women and their offspring. Obesity and sugar consumption act intergenerationally. Oral health in early life may change life trajectory since the worst oral conditions predict main NCDs.

RESUMO

SUMMARY: CariesCare International ™ practical guide is a tool for the comprehensive assessment and treatment of caries that synthesizes clinical and radiographic diagnosis and risk factors, classifying the severity, progression, and activity of lesions. The objective of this study was to analyze the validity and prediction characteristics of the proposed dental caries classification in the CariesCare International ™ practical guide as a reference through clinical and radiographic evaluation versus histological evaluation. Ninety-seven permanent posterior teeth were evaluated, and clinical and radiographic diagnoses were determined according to parameters defined in the CariesCare International™ guide as a reference. Subsequently, histological evaluation was performed to compare each stage of dental caries progression, and statistical analysis was applied. When comparing the validity and prediction values between radiographic and clinical diagnoses in relation to histological evaluation, a low sensitivity and high specificity relationship was found. The sensitivity and specificity percentages between the clinical and radiographic methods show that the clinical method has a lower number of false negatives. Histological changes in dental tissue were evident from the earliest stages of lesions, even in those not related to the caries process, indicating that the dentist should be careful when deciding on a treatment plan and take into account all variables involved in the caries process, as proposed by the CariesCare International ™ guide.

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La guía práctica CariesCare International™ es una herramienta para la evaluación y tratamiento integral de la caries que sintetiza el diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico y los factores de riesgo, clasificando la gravedad, progresión y actividad de las lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez y características de predicción de la clasificación de caries dental propuesta en la guía práctica CariesCare International™ como referencia a través de la evaluación clínica y radiográfica versus la evaluación histológica. Se evaluaron noventa y siete dientes posteriores permanentes y se determinaron diagnósticos clínicos y radiográficos según parámetros definidos en la guía CariesCare International™ como referencia. Posteriormente se realizó una evaluación histológica para comparar cada etapa de progresión de la caries dental y se aplicó análisis estadístico. Al comparar los valores de validez y predicción entre los diagnósticos radiológicos y clínicos en relación con la evaluación histológica, se encontró una relación de baja sensibilidad y alta especificidad. Los porcentajes de sensibilidad y especificidad entre el método clínico y radiográfico muestran que el método clínico tiene un menor número de falsos negativos. Los cambios histológicos en el tejido dental fueron evidentes desde las primeras etapas de las lesiones, incluso en aquellas no relacionadas con el proceso de caries, lo que indica que el odontólogo debe tener cuidado al decidir un plan de tratamiento y tener en cuenta todas las variables involucradas en el proceso de caries, tal como propone la guía CariesCare International™.

Assuntos

Humanos , Dentição Permanente , Cárie Dentária/classificação , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Transversais , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico por imagem , Dentina/patologia , Dentina/diagnóstico por imagem

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of hereditary genetic disorder in a single gene characterised by intellectual disability. Behavioural features such as autism, hyperactivity and anxiety disorder may be present. Biofilm development and pathogenicity of Streptococcus mutans may be altered because FXS renders the dental approach and oral hygiene more complex. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of transcripts for VicRK and CovR of S. mutans isolated from FXS patients with the levels of transcripts for VicRK and CovR of standard strain ATCC, using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). METHODS: The caries experience index was assessed by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), Periodontal Condition Index (PCI) and Invasive Dental Treatment Need Index (INI). RESULTS: The clinical index findings revealed a high rate of caries cavities and bleeding on probing of FXS patients. When VicRK and CovR transcript levels were compared with the reference strain, Fragile X patients were found to have significantly higher values. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that FXS patients have more adverse clinical conditions, with increased biofilm accumulation and virulence. When combined with behavioural abnormalities, these patients become even more vulnerable to dental caries.

Assuntos

Cárie Dentária , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Streptococcus mutans/patogenicidade , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/microbiologia , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Virulência , Biofilmes

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the association between dental pain and severity of dental caries (caries morbidity stages) and the impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 199 children (2-5 years old) enrolled at preschools in Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil. The self-report of mothers of children with a history of dental pain in the last 6 months and perception of their child's OHRQoL (ECOHIS) were obtained through a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire also collected independent variables. Children's oral examination was performed using the CAST instrument to determine caries morbidity stage. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental pain was 14.57%. The chance of the occurrence of dental pain was higher among children diagnosed in morbidity [Prevalence ratio-PR: 5.29 (95% confidence interval-95% CI 1.91-14.61); p = 0.001] and severe morbidity [RP = 6.12 (95 CI% 2.25-16.64); p < 0.001] stages. Children with dental pain presented higher scores in the total ECOHIS [rate ratio = 7.11 (95% CI 4.55-11.09); p < 0.001] and in all of the domains of this instrument. Furthermore, children with a history of dental trauma [PR = 2.41 (95% CI 1.15-5.04); p < 0.001] and those whose reason for last visit to the dental office was for restorative/endodontic/extraction treatment [PR = 1.29 (95% CI 1.01-6.19); p = 0.049] had a higher prevalence of dental pain. CONCLUSION: A substantial prevalence of dental pain in the last 6 months and negative impact on children's OHRQoL was identified in this sample. Children diagnosed with carious dentin lesions and abscess and fistula were more likely to have dental pain.

Assuntos

Cárie Dentária , Saúde Bucal , Qualidade de Vida , Odontalgia , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Odontalgia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Índice de Gravidade de Doença

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of composite resin restorations placed after selective caries removal to soft dentin (SCRSD) or stepwise excavation (SW) over an 18-month period. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with permanent molars and/or premolars presenting deep caries lesions (≥50 % of the dentin thickness). Teeth were submitted to SCRSD (n = 76) or SW (n = 76). Evaluations were performed based on FDI (World Dental Federation) criterion. Survival analysis was performed to estimate the survival of restorations and its association with clinical variables and socio-demographic characteristics (adjusted Weibull regression model). The study was registered on Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC 65ntbc). RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months (mean ± SD 16.3 ± 3.4 months). Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 55 years (mean ± SD 29 ± 10.5 years). A total of 135 teeth (SCRSD = 72; SW = 63) from 101 patients were evaluated. There were 4 failures in the SCRSD group (2 loss of restoration in need of replacement and 2 marginal fractures in need of repair) and 2 in the SW group (fracture in need of repair). The association between explanatory variables and restoration failure showed similar success rates for SW (99.4 %) and SCRSD (97.9 %) (p = 0.16). Patients presenting gingivitis (≥20 % of sites with gingival bleeding) had 8.50 times more risk for failure than those with <20 % of bleeding sites (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study showed that placing a composite resin restoration over soft dentin (after SCRSD) did not affect its clinical performance after 18 months. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: SCRSD is a feasible treatment option for the management of deep caries lesions in permanent teeth as it preserves tooth vitality and tooth structure without compromising restoration longevity.

Assuntos

Resinas Compostas , Cárie Dentária , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária , Falha de Restauração Dentária , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Dentina , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Resinas Compostas/química , Resinas Compostas/uso terapêutico , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Criança , Adolescente , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/métodos , Seguimentos , Adulto Jovem , Dente Molar , Materiais Dentários/química , Resultado do Tratamento , Dente Pré-Molar/cirurgia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Initial caries lesions in primary teeth have presented a low progression rate after 2 years, but it could be higher in longer follow-ups. AIM: To evaluate the progression rates of sound surfaces and initial and moderate caries lesions after 7 years. DESIGN: This prospective 7-year cohort study included 639 preschool children aged 1-5 years in 2010. In 2017, 449 children were reassessed (70.3% retention rate). Dental caries was collected using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in both assessments. Incidence rate (IR) per 100 surface-years estimated the progression rates of sound surfaces and initial and moderate lesions for worse conditions. Cox regression with shared frailty evaluated the possible risk factors. RESULTS: IR was 1.0% for sound surfaces, 2.8% and 4.2% for ICDAS scores 1 and 2, respectively, and about 17.0% for moderate lesions. The most significant risk factor for the progression was the presence of cavitated lesions in other teeth. The type of surface and tooth also influenced the outcome. CONCLUSION: The progression rate of initial caries lesions in primary teeth remains low even after 7 years, but cavitated caries lesions in other teeth increase this risk. Moderate lesions demonstrate a higher risk of progression when compared to sound surfaces and initial caries lesions.

RESUMO

Exploring children's dental pain experiences helps to develop healthcare policies for improving oral health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study involved 300 parents/caregivers of four- to seven-year-old children using snowball sampling. Parents/caregivers self-completed an online questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, parenting styles, their child's oral hygiene practices, free sugar consumption, and dental history. The questionnaire was created using Google Forms and was disseminated to parents/caregivers via E-mail and/or WhatsApp©. Descriptive and Poisson regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Children's dental pain experience was reported by 20.3% of the parents. The authoritative parenting style was predominant. The child's mean age at the first consumption of sugar was 1.38 (±0.64) years, and 40.3% of the children had high-free sugar consumption. The mean age for the first dental appointment was 2.26 (±1.31) years, and 24.3% of the children never went to a dental appointment. The prevalence of dental pain experience was higher in children who attended their first dental appointment later (PR: 1.02; CI 95%: 1.01-1.03) and among those with high-free sugar consumption (PR: 1.90; CI 95%: 1.21-3.00). High sugar consumption and delay in the first dental appointment may increase the likelihood that children will experience dental pain.

Assuntos

Pais , Odontalgia , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Pais/psicologia , Odontalgia/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Prevalência

RESUMO

Postbiotic is the term used to define the soluble factors, metabolic products, or byproducts released by live probiotic bacteria or after its lysis. The objective of this study was to carry out the chemical characterization of the postbiotic of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR-32 and to evaluate its in vitro effect on the development of the Streptococcus mutans biofilm. After the cultivation of the probiotic strain, the postbiotic was extracted by centrifuging the culture and filtering the supernatant. This postbiotic was characterized by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and then it was used to determine the growth inhibition of S. mutans in its planktonic form; additionally, its effects on the following parameters in 48 h biofilm were evaluated: viable bacteria, dry weight, and gene expression of glucosyltransferases and VicR gene. The control group consisted of the biofilm without any treatment. A paired t-test was performed for statistical analysis, with the p-value set at 5%. Seventeen compounds of various chemical classes were identified in the postbiotic, including sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and acids. The treatment with the postbiotic led to an inhibition of the growth of S. mutans in its planktonic form, as well as a decrease in the number of viable bacteria, reduction in dry weight, and a negative regulation of the gene expression of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and vicR in its biofilm state, compared with the nontreated group (p < 0.05). The postbiotic of L. rhamnosus impaired the development of S. mutans biofilm.