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Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud reconoce la demencia como una prioridad de salud pública. Afecta a 50 millones de personas en todo el mundo y se registran alrededor de 10 millones de nuevos casos cada año. Objetivo: Aplicar los criterios diagnósticos a los pacientes con demencia de acuerdo al Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales-V y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades-10, en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario René Vallejo Ortiz entre junio de 2016 y diciembre de 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo estuvo compuesto por todos los pacientes ingresados en la mencionada institución. La muestra no probabilística y a criterio de los autores la integraron 66 pacientes adultos, con el diagnóstico en el periodo de estudio señalado. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Los datos se presentaron en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: De los 66 pacientes investigados el 33,3 % presentaban entre 60 y 69. El sexo femenino representó el 57,6 %. De acuerdo al Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales- V, 24 pacientes para un 36,4 % se encontraban dentro de los A9, mientras que 12 (18,2 %) en los A10. Sin embargo, según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades-10 el 93,9 % cumplen los criterios de demencia. Conclusiones: Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron la desorientación y la hipomnesia con asociación al deterioro cognitivo leve. En la asociación de las clasificaciones se constató que solo la mitad de los estudiados cumplían los criterios diagnósticos de forma unánime.

Introduction: The World Health Organization recognizes dementia as a public health priority. It affects 50 million people worldwide, with around 10 million new cases reported each year. Objective: To apply the diagnostic criteria to patients with dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V and the International Classification of Diseases-10 at the René Vallejo Ortiz University Psychiatric Hospital between June of 2016 and December 2022. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe was made up of all patients admitted to the aforementioned institution. The non-probabilistic sample and at the discretion of the authors was made up of 66 adult patients with the diagnosis in the indicated study period. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data was presented in tables and graphs. Results: Of the 66 patients investigated, 33.3% were between 60 and 69. The female sex represented 57.6%. According to the DSM-V, 24 patients, 36.4%, were within A9, while 12 (18.2%) were within A10. However, according to ICD -10, 93.9% meet the criteria for dementia. Conclusions: The main clinical manifestations were disorientation and hypomnesia associated with mild cognitive impairment. In the association of the classifications, it was found that only half of those studied unanimously met the diagnostic criteria.

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INTRODUCTION: Supplementary tests are part of the clinical approach to diagnose cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine the role of supplementary examinations, except for biomarkers, on diagnostic stability of dementia over time and to identify reversible dementias. METHODS: We identified 432 patients with dementia who performed 2 clinical evaluations and the supplementary examinations recommended by the American Academy of Neurology in a follow-up period of 1 year. RESULTS: In this sample, 110 (24.5%) patients changed their diagnosis at 1-year follow-up for the appearance of vascular cognitive impairment than the initial diagnosis, due to the neuroimaging. Concerning the reversible dementias, depression was the major differential diagnosis, detected in 13 (81%) of the 16 patients with cognitive improvement. CONCLUSION: Therefore, regarding the supplementary examinations only neuroimaging and the depression triage were relevant for clinical practice regarding the differential diagnosis of dementia.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To establish the diagnostic accuracy of the Brazilian version of the General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG-Br) compared to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in individuals with low educational level. METHODS Ninety-three patients (≥ 60 years old) from Brazilian primary care units provided sociodemographic, cognitive, and functional data. Receiver operating characteristics, areas under the curve (AUC) and logistic regressions were conducted. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients with 0-4 years of education. Cases (n = 44) were older (p = 0.006) and performed worse than controls (n = 49) on all cognitive or functional measures (p < 0.001). The GPCOG-Br demonstrated similar diagnostic accuracy to the MMSE (AUC = 0.90 and 0.91, respectively) and similar positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV, respectively: 0.79/0.86 for GPCOG-Br and 0.79/0.81 for MMSE). Adjusted cut-points displayed high sensitivity (all 86%) and satisfactory specificity (65%-80%). Lower educational level predicted lower cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS The GPCOG-Br is clinically well-suited for use in primary care.

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Objetivos: a presente revisão descreve aspectos clínicos relacionados às diferentes síndromes demenciais, objetivando tornar comum, no meio médico, o conhecimento das nuanças que permeiam o diagnóstico diferencial dessas afecções. Fonte de Dados: foi realizada uma revisão da literatura através das bases de dados Medline, Ovid e Scopus até outubro de 2009, assim como de livros-texto. Artigos com enfoque na fisiopatogenia e na patologia não foram priorizados, tendo em vista os objetivos deste estudo. Síntese dos Dados: este artigo revisa aspectos dealgumas síndromes demenciais reversíveis e irreversíveis, como Doença de Alzheimer e Demência Vascular, enfocando principalmente as características clínicas e diagnósticas que as tornam entidades distintas. Conclusões: a literatura sugere que o processo diagnóstico das síndromes demenciais assenta-se fundamentalmente na clínica, priorizando uma avaliação rigorosa do estado mental. Entretanto, a avaliação por neuroimagem e exames laboratoriais tem participação considerável em determinar a causa subjacente ao quadro demencial, revelando peculiaridades que podem nortear o diagnóstico diferencial. Diagnosticar diferentes etiologias é importante para o prognóstico e conduta terapêutica específica.

Aims: This review describes the clinical aspects related to different dementia syndromes, aiming to become common in the medical , the knowledge of the nuances that permeate the differential diagnosis of these disorders. Data Source: A review of literature published up to October 2009 was conducted on Medline, Ovid, and Scopus databases, as well as on textbooks. Articles that focused on the pathogenesis and pathology were not prioritized, given the objectives of this study. Summary of the Findings: This article reviews some aspects of reversible and irreversible dementia syndromes, such as Alzheimer?s disease and Vascular Disease, focusing on the clinic and diagnostic features that make them distinct entities. Conclusions: The literature suggests that the diagnostic process of dementia syndromes is based mainly on clinical practice, prioritizing a rigorous assessment of mental status. However, neuroimaging evaluation and laboratory tests have considerable input in determining the underlying cause of dementia, revealing peculiarities that can guide the differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of different etiologies is important to the prognosis and the specific therapeutic approach.

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