RESUMO
The present study aimed to determine references of normality of computed tomographic (CT) images of mandibular and parotid salivary glands (PSGs), medial retropharyngeal and mandibular lymph nodes and thyroid gland of 10 clinically healthy crab-eating foxes, Cerdocyon thous. The location, shape, homogeneity of the parenchyma, and length, height, width and pre- and post-contrast attenuation values were evaluated. The anatomical structures in the crab-eating foxes studied here presented anatomical landmarks similar to those described for domestic dogs, and showed a regular shape and homogenous parenchyma, except for the PSGs, that showed predominantly heterogeneous parenchyma. The thyroid gland topography in the crab-eating fox, though very similar, is not identical to the domestic dog and the presence of isthmus between the lobes was not detected. The values obtained from crab-eating foxes are within the normal range, although in the upper limits of dogs. There was a significant difference in the attenuation values between the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, being greater in the left thyroid lobe. CT attenuation values ranges for this neotropical canid can be incorporated into routine staging procedures in the veterinary care of the crab-eating foxes. Furthermore, the CT images obtained were similar to those of healthy dogs, and the information obtained can be considered as initial tomographic references of normality in the cervical structures of the crab-eating fox, in order to aid in the diagnosis of future diseases that can affect this neotropical canid.
Assuntos
Canidae , Animais , Cães , Cabeça , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Valores de Referência , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , BrasilRESUMO
We evaluated the presence of antibodies against CaHV-1, CDV, and CPV-2 in serum samples from Brazilian wild carnivore species. Nine maned wolves and six crab-eating foxes were tested for CaHV-1 and CDV by virus neutralization test and CPV-2 by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Antibodies to CaHV-1, CDV, and CPV-2 were detected in serum samples of 1 (6.7%), 5 (33.3%), and 10 (66.7%) wild carnivores, respectively. Two maned wolves and one crab-eating fox were seropositive simultaneously for CDV and CPV-2. Antibodies against all viruses were detected in one crab-eating fox. This is the first report of CaHV-1 antibody detection in crab-eating foxes.
Assuntos
Carnívoros , Vírus da Cinomose Canina , Cinomose , Parvovirus Canino , Lobos , Animais , Cães , Brasil/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais , Animais SelvagensRESUMO
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of a highly prevalent viral infectious disease of domestic and wild carnivores. This virus poses a conservation threat to endangered species worldwide due to its ability to jump between multiple species and produce a disease, which is most often fatal. Although CDV infection has been regularly diagnosed in Colombian wildlife, to date the molecular identity of circulating CDV lineages is currently unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the presence and phylogenetic characterization of CDV detected in samples from naturally infected Cerdocyon thous from Colombia. We sequenced for the first time the CDV infecting wildlife in Colombia and demonstrated the presence of South America/North America-4 Lineage with a higher relationship to sequences previously reported from domestic and wild fauna belonging to the United States of America. Our results are crucial for the understanding of the interspecies transmission of CDV in the domestic/wild interface and for the prevention and control of such an important multi-host pathogen.
Assuntos
Carnívoros , Vírus da Cinomose Canina , Cinomose , Raposas , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Cinomose/epidemiologia , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/genética , Cães , Raposas/virologia , FilogeniaRESUMO
The nematode family Spirocercidae Chitwood and Wehr, 1932, comprises three subfamilies, Spirocercinae Chitwood and Wehr, 1932; Ascaropsinae Alicata and McIntosh, 1933; and Mastophorinae Quentin, 1970, which occur worldwide. Spirocercids infect canids and can cause severe illness. The crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), is a canid that inhabits most of South America, including Brazil and is a host for several parasitic worms, in particular, nematodes. However, few reports or genetic data are available on the spirocercids found in this host. In the present study, we describe a new species of Spirobakerus Chabaud and Bain 1981, from the intestine of two crab-eating foxes from two different biomes in Brazil. Spirobakerus sagittalis sp. nov. presents a) unequal spicules, with a long, thin left spicule with a lanceolated shape at the tip; b) a pair of sessile papillae and a median unpaired papillae located anteriorly of the cloaca, and c) a tuft without spines at the tip of the tail in females. The molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. sagittalis sp. nov. is basal to the other species of the subfamily Ascaropsinae, which was not recovered as monophyletic. Our phylogenies also indicated that Spirocercidae is paraphyletic, given that Mastophorinae did not group with Ascaropsinae and Spirocercinae. We provide the first molecular data on the genus Spirobakerus and expand the molecular database of the spirocercids. However, further studies, including the sequences of other spirocercid taxa, are still needed to infer the relationships within this family more accurately.
Assuntos
Canidae/parasitologia , Filogenia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spiruroidea/classificação , Animais , Brasil , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Especificidade da Espécie , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Spiruroidea/citologia , Spiruroidea/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cerdocyon thous is the canid with the greatest geographical coverage in South America. The aim of this study was to describe the origin, skeletopy, length and main branches of the coeliac artery in C. thous. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dissections were performed on 14 cadavers of adult specimens, 6 males and 8 females, with a rostrosacral length average of 67.00 ± 4.7 cm and 62.09 ± 5.7 cm, respectively. The specimens were collected dead on highways on the banks of the Atlantic Forest (Rio de Janeiro) and the Pampa biome (Rio Grande do Sul) in Brazil. The cadavers were fixed and preserved in a formaldehyde solution until dissection. The coeliac artery was dissected, the length was measured "in situ" and its main branches were recorded. The coeliac artery emerged as a single artery in all dissected animals. RESULTS: The average length of the coeliac artery was 1.43 ± 0.17 cm in males and 1.39 mm ± 0.24 cm in females, with no significant difference in this measurement between sexes. The predominant skeletopy was at the level of the second lumbar vertebra (57.1%), positioned on average 1.43 cm cranially to the cranial mesenteric artery. In most individuals (92.9%), the classic trifurcation was formed: the coeliac artery branched into the hepatic, left gastric, and lienal arteries. Only 1 male animal presented a bifurcation formed between the hepatic artery and a gastrolienal trunk. CONCLUSIONS: These anatomical characteristics are similar to those of other species of the Canidae family, possibly due to their phylogenetic proximity.
Assuntos
Canidae , Artéria Celíaca , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Artéria Hepática , Humanos , Masculino , FilogeniaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the ophthalmic parameters, morphometric features of corneal tissue, and arrangements of corneal stromal collagen fibers in crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), a species of neotropical wild canid. We conducted the study on six juvenile crab-eating foxes (12 eyes), whilst 16 eyes were obtained post mortem from eight adult crab-eating foxes. The research was divided into two stages. In the first stage, eye anatomical characteristics, tear production (Schirmer 1 tear test, STT1), intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular echobiometry, and specular microscopy parameters related to morphology of corneal endothelium were studied in juvenile animals. In the second stage, morphometric features of corneal tissue (central corneal thickness [CCT] and corneal epithelium thickness) and arrangements of stromal collagen fibers were studied using eyes from adult animals. The main findings were that crab-eating fox eyes have vertical-slit pupils, holangiotic retina, and reference values (mean ± SD) of 13.37 ± 3.79 mm/min for STT1 and of 10.43 ± 3.84 mmHg for IOP. The ocular echobiometric features observed in crab-eating foxes are different from those reported for domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Conversely, the corneal endothelial parameters are similar to those of domestic dogs. The CCT measured by tissue morphometry was 0.54 ± 0.06 mm, and the corneal epithelium thickness was 60.13 ± 8.71 µm. Mean coherency related to alignment of collagen fibers was 0.66 ± 0.12. The crab-eating fox cornea had predominantly thick collagen fibers. Crab-eating fox eyes have morphofunctional peculiarities. They resemble the eyes of domestic dogs in some aspects, but diverge in others.
Assuntos
Canidae/anatomia & histologia , Colágeno/análise , Córnea/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Brasil , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/veterinária , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue explorar la duplicidad de la arteria renal en un espécimen de Cerdocyon thous, centrándose en las posibilidades de la implicación clínico-quirúrgica de esta variación anatómica. Materiales y Métodos. Fueron disecados 32 especímenes de Cerdocyon thous, obtenidos de las colecciones del Laboratorio de Enseñanza e Investigación en Morfología de los Animales Domésticos y Salvajes del Departamento de Anatomía Animal y Humana, de la Universidad Federal Rural del Rio de Janeiro y del Laboratorio de Anatomía Animal de la Universidad Federal del Pampa. Resultados. Fue observada una variación numérica en la arteria renal izquierda en un cadáver hembra adulto. El riñón izquierdo tenía dos arterias renales, una craneal y otra caudal. La primera arteria renal del riñón izquierdo, midiendo 2,25 cm de longitud, se ha originado lateralmente desde la aorta abdominal a nivel de la tercera vértebra lumbar. Además, emanaba dos ramas prehiliares, una dorsal y otra ventral, con la rama ventral suministrando también a la glándula suprarrenal. La segunda arteria renal también se ha originado lateralmente desde la aorta abdominal a nivel de la tercera vértebra lumbar, midiendo 2,36 cm de longitud. También ha emitido dos ramas prehiliares, una craneal y otra caudal, las cuales emitieron la rama uretral. Conclusiones. Las variaciones numéricas de las arterias renales deben ser consideradas en la ejecución de procedimientos quirúrgicos, radiológicos y experimentales, con los fines de evitar errores ocasionados por la falta de conocimiento de la posibilidad de estas variaciones tanto en animales domésticos como salvajes.
ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of this study was explored the duplicity of renal artery in a specimen of Cerdocyon thous, focusing on the possibilities of clinical-surgical implication of this anatomical variation. Materials and methods. Were dissected 32 specimens of Cerdocyon thous, obtained from the collections of the Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Morfologia dos Animais Domésticos e Selvagens do Departamento de Anatomia Animal e Humana, da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro e Laboratório de Anatomia Animal da Universidade Federal do Pampa. Results. Were observed a numerical variation in the left renal artery in an adult female cadaver. The left kidney had two renal arteries, one cranial and another caudal. The first renal artery of the left kidney, measuring 2.25 cm in length, originated laterally from the abdominal aorta at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Moreover, it emanated two pre-hilar branches, one dorsal and one ventral, with the ventral branch supplying also to the adrenal gland. The second renal artery also originated laterally from the abdominal aorta at the level of the third lumbar vertebra and measured 2.36 cm in length. It also emitted two pre-hilar branches, one cranial and another caudal, which emitted the ureteral branch. Conclusions. Numerical variations of the renal arteries should be considered in the execution of surgical, radiological and experimental procedures in order to avoid mistakes made due to lack of knowledge of the possibility these variations both in domestic and wild animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos , Artéria Renal , Sistema UrogenitalRESUMO
Cerdocyon thous is the South American canid with great geographic distribution. To the south of Ecuador, two isolated populations have been identified, living in different average temperatures and food availability. The objective was to measure the length, width, thickness and volume of the kidneys, length of renal vessels, and verify the renal skeletopy in two populations of C. thous. Kidneys and renal vessels were measured from 34 cadavers collected on highways in the Brazilian territory. From the Atlantic Forest biome (latitude 22º), 14 specimens (seven males and seven female) were analyzed, and from the Pampa biome (latitude 29º), 20 specimens (eight males and twelve female). On average, in the right antimere the kidneys measured 49.9 ´ 25.2 ´ 24.4 mm, had a volume of 16.5 cm3, the renal artery measured 21.3 mm and the renal vein 19.4 mm. In the left antimere, the kidneys measured 49.3 ´ 24.4 ´ 22.8 mm, with a volume of 14.6 cm3 and the artery and vein measured 21.0 mm and 28.4 mm, respectively. The right kidney was always cranial and predominantly positioned ventrally to vertebrae L1L3, while the left one was positioned ventrally to vertebrae L2L4. There was no difference in the comparison between sexes or antimeres. Most renal dimensions were significantly higher in the specimens from the Pampa biome, possibly due to the body size and type of diet.(AU)
Cerdocyon thousé o canídeo sul americano com maior distribuição geográfica. Ao sul do Equador, duas populações distintas são reconhecidas, submetidas a diferentes temperaturas médias e disponibilidade de alimento. Objetivou-se mensurar o comprimento, largura, espessura e volume dos rins, comprimento dos vasos renais e esclarecer a esqueletopia renal em duas populações isoladas de C. thous.Para tal, foram estudados rins e vasos renais de 34 cadáveres coletados mortos em rodovias brasileiras. Catorze espécimes (sete machos e sete fêmeas) são provenientes do bioma Mata Atlântica (latitude 22º) e 20 espécimes (oito machos e doze fêmeas) do bioma Pampa (latitude 29º). Na média, os rins direitos mediram 49,9x25,2x24,4 mm, tinham um volume de 16,5 cm3e a artéria renal direita mediu 21,3 mm e a veia renal direita 19,4 mm. Os rins esquerdos mediram 49,3x24,4x22,8 mm tinham volume de 14,6 cm3e as artérias e veias renais direitas mediram 21,0 mm e 28,4 mm, respectivamente. Os rins direitos foram sempre craniais e predominantemente posicionados ventralmente às vertebras L1 a L3, enquanto os rins esquerdos estavam posicionados majoritariamente ao nível de L2 a L4. Não houve diferença na comparação das medidas entre os sexos ou antímeros. Praticamente todasas medidas renais foram significativamente maiores nos espécimes do bioma Pampa, possivelmente devido(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Canidae/anatomia & histologia , Canidae/fisiologia , Animais Selvagens/anatomia & histologia , Animais Selvagens/fisiologia , NefrologiaRESUMO
Cerdocyon thous is the South American canid with great geographic distribution. To the south of Ecuador, two isolated populations have been identified, living in different average temperatures and food availability. The objective was to measure the length, width, thickness and volume of the kidneys, length of renal vessels, and verify the renal skeletopy in two populations of C. thous. Kidneys and renal vessels were measured from 34 cadavers collected on highways in the Brazilian territory. From the Atlantic Forest biome (latitude 22º), 14 specimens (seven males and seven female) were analyzed, and from the Pampa biome (latitude 29º), 20 specimens (eight males and twelve female). On average, in the right antimere the kidneys measured 49.9 ´ 25.2 ´ 24.4 mm, had a volume of 16.5 cm3, the renal artery measured 21.3 mm and the renal vein 19.4 mm. In the left antimere, the kidneys measured 49.3 ´ 24.4 ´ 22.8 mm, with a volume of 14.6 cm3 and the artery and vein measured 21.0 mm and 28.4 mm, respectively. The right kidney was always cranial and predominantly positioned ventrally to vertebrae L1L3, while the left one was positioned ventrally to vertebrae L2L4. There was no difference in the comparison between sexes or antimeres. Most renal dimensions were significantly higher in the specimens from the Pampa biome, possibly due to the body size and type of diet.
Cerdocyon thousé o canídeo sul americano com maior distribuição geográfica. Ao sul do Equador, duas populações distintas são reconhecidas, submetidas a diferentes temperaturas médias e disponibilidade de alimento. Objetivou-se mensurar o comprimento, largura, espessura e volume dos rins, comprimento dos vasos renais e esclarecer a esqueletopia renal em duas populações isoladas de C. thous.Para tal, foram estudados rins e vasos renais de 34 cadáveres coletados mortos em rodovias brasileiras. Catorze espécimes (sete machos e sete fêmeas) são provenientes do bioma Mata Atlântica (latitude 22º) e 20 espécimes (oito machos e doze fêmeas) do bioma Pampa (latitude 29º). Na média, os rins direitos mediram 49,9x25,2x24,4 mm, tinham um volume de 16,5 cm3e a artéria renal direita mediu 21,3 mm e a veia renal direita 19,4 mm. Os rins esquerdos mediram 49,3x24,4x22,8 mm tinham volume de 14,6 cm3e as artérias e veias renais direitas mediram 21,0 mm e 28,4 mm, respectivamente. Os rins direitos foram sempre craniais e predominantemente posicionados ventralmente às vertebras L1 a L3, enquanto os rins esquerdos estavam posicionados majoritariamente ao nível de L2 a L4. Não houve diferença na comparação das medidas entre os sexos ou antímeros. Praticamente todasas medidas renais foram significativamente maiores nos espécimes do bioma Pampa, possivelmente devido
Assuntos
Animais , Animais Selvagens/anatomia & histologia , Animais Selvagens/fisiologia , Canidae/anatomia & histologia , Canidae/fisiologia , NefrologiaRESUMO
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do sexo, da sazonalidade e de infecções por Trypanosoma cruzi e Trypanosoma evansi nos valores hematológicos de lobinhos (Cerdocyon thous) que habitam o Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense. Entre novembro de 2015 e outubro de 2016, foram amostrados 48 lobinhos. Os valores hematológicos mensurados foram as contagens de eritrócitos e leucócitos, volume globular e volume corpuscular médio. Consideramos como parasitados os animais positivos para T.cruzi e T. evansi em qualquer um dos testes diagnósticos utilizados. Observamos que sete (14.5%) lobinhos encontraram-se parasitados somente por T.cruzi, sete por T. evansi, e nove (19%) estavam coinfectados. Os animais parasitados por T.cruzi mostraram um aumento significativo das contagens de leucócitos (14.7 x 103) em relação aos animais não parasitados (10.4 x 103), parasitados por T. evansi (12.4 x 103) e coinfectados (12.9 x 103). Observamos diferença significativa em relação aos valores médios de eritrócitos e volume corpuscular médio entre os períodos de cheia e seca: 2.6 x 106 e 165, e 3.4 x 106 e 132, respectivamente. Todos apresentaram macrocitose não confirmada morfologicamente.(AU)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of sex, seasonality and infections by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi on the hematological values of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) that inhabit the Pantanal from Mato Grosso do Sul. Between November of 2015 and October of 2016, 48 animals were sampled. The hematological values measured were erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, globular volume and mean corpuscular volume. We considered as parasitized the positive animals for T.cruzi and T. evansi in any of diagnostic tests used. We observed that seven (14.5%) of the crab-eating foxes were parasitized only by T.cruzi, seven by T. evansi, and nine (19%) were coinfected. The parasitized animals by T.cruzi showed a significant increase in leukocyte counts (14.7 x 103) compared to non-parasitized animals (10.4 x 103), parasitized by T. evansi (12.4 x 103) and coinfected (12.9 x 103). We observed a significant difference in relation to mean erythrocyte and mean corpuscular volume values between wet and dry periods: 2.6 x 106 and 165, and 3.4 x 106 and 132, respectively. All presented morphologically unconfirmed macrocytosis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Canidae/sangue , Canidae/virologia , Trypanosoma cruzi , Fatores Sexuais , Estações do Ano , Testes Hematológicos/veterinária , BrasilRESUMO
Background: Distemper is a contagious disease with worldwide distribution, which is caused by a single-stranded RNAvirus of the genus Morbillivirus. The Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus), wildcanids commonly found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, are highly susceptible to the disease. Distemper virus infection oftenshows a multisystemic presentation. Central nervous system lesions are frequently reported, and may lead to death of wild canids.Distemper virus infection affecting these species has been cited by several studies; nonetheless, case descriptions involving theCrab-eating fox and the Pampas fox are infrequent. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to describe the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of distemper in the referred species, aiming to assist with the diagnosis of the disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was performed, and the necropsy reports of Crab-eating foxes and Pampasfoxes admitted to SPV-UFRGS from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed. Necropsy reports were revised in order to obtain information related to the clinical history and anatomopathological findings, and cases compatible with distemper were selected. Dataregarding the affected species, sex, approximate age, origin and clinical signs were compiled and analyzed. Selected histologicalsections of brain and cerebellum were submitted for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for monoclonal antibody canine distempervirus. In the studied period, 20 animals of the referred species were subjected to necropsy, of which four were diagnosed withdistemper as a cause of death. Of the affected animals, two were female and two were male. Three were juvenile and one wasan adult animal. Clinical signs reported included myoclonia, opisthotonos, forelimb paresis and nystagmus. No significant grosschanges were noted. Histopathological findings were restricted to the central nervous system...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Canidae , Cinomose/patologia , Vírus da Cinomose Canina , Encefalite/veterinária , Animais Selvagens , BrasilRESUMO
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do sexo, da sazonalidade e de infecções por Trypanosoma cruzi e Trypanosoma evansi nos valores hematológicos de lobinhos (Cerdocyon thous) que habitam o Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense. Entre novembro de 2015 e outubro de 2016, foram amostrados 48 lobinhos. Os valores hematológicos mensurados foram as contagens de eritrócitos e leucócitos, volume globular e volume corpuscular médio. Consideramos como parasitados os animais positivos para T.cruzi e T. evansi em qualquer um dos testes diagnósticos utilizados. Observamos que sete (14.5%) lobinhos encontraram-se parasitados somente por T.cruzi, sete por T. evansi, e nove (19%) estavam coinfectados. Os animais parasitados por T.cruzi mostraram um aumento significativo das contagens de leucócitos (14.7 x 103) em relação aos animais não parasitados (10.4 x 103), parasitados por T. evansi (12.4 x 103) e coinfectados (12.9 x 103). Observamos diferença significativa em relação aos valores médios de eritrócitos e volume corpuscular médio entre os períodos de cheia e seca: 2.6 x 106 e 165, e 3.4 x 106 e 132, respectivamente. Todos apresentaram macrocitose não confirmada morfologicamente.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of sex, seasonality and infections by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi on the hematological values of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) that inhabit the Pantanal from Mato Grosso do Sul. Between November of 2015 and October of 2016, 48 animals were sampled. The hematological values measured were erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, globular volume and mean corpuscular volume. We considered as parasitized the positive animals for T.cruzi and T. evansi in any of diagnostic tests used. We observed that seven (14.5%) of the crab-eating foxes were parasitized only by T.cruzi, seven by T. evansi, and nine (19%) were coinfected. The parasitized animals by T.cruzi showed a significant increase in leukocyte counts (14.7 x 103) compared to non-parasitized animals (10.4 x 103), parasitized by T. evansi (12.4 x 103) and coinfected (12.9 x 103). We observed a significant difference in relation to mean erythrocyte and mean corpuscular volume values between wet and dry periods: 2.6 x 106 and 165, and 3.4 x 106 and 132, respectively. All presented morphologically unconfirmed macrocytosis.
Assuntos
Animais , Canidae/sangue , Canidae/virologia , Estações do Ano , Fatores Sexuais , Trypanosoma cruzi , Brasil , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Distemper is a contagious disease with worldwide distribution, which is caused by a single-stranded RNAvirus of the genus Morbillivirus. The Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus), wildcanids commonly found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, are highly susceptible to the disease. Distemper virus infection oftenshows a multisystemic presentation. Central nervous system lesions are frequently reported, and may lead to death of wild canids.Distemper virus infection affecting these species has been cited by several studies; nonetheless, case descriptions involving theCrab-eating fox and the Pampas fox are infrequent. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to describe the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of distemper in the referred species, aiming to assist with the diagnosis of the disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was performed, and the necropsy reports of Crab-eating foxes and Pampasfoxes admitted to SPV-UFRGS from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed. Necropsy reports were revised in order to obtain information related to the clinical history and anatomopathological findings, and cases compatible with distemper were selected. Dataregarding the affected species, sex, approximate age, origin and clinical signs were compiled and analyzed. Selected histologicalsections of brain and cerebellum were submitted for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for monoclonal antibody canine distempervirus. In the studied period, 20 animals of the referred species were subjected to necropsy, of which four were diagnosed withdistemper as a cause of death. Of the affected animals, two were female and two were male. Three were juvenile and one wasan adult animal. Clinical signs reported included myoclonia, opisthotonos, forelimb paresis and nystagmus. No significant grosschanges were noted. Histopathological findings were restricted to the central nervous system...
Assuntos
Animais , Canidae , Cinomose/patologia , Encefalite/veterinária , Vírus da Cinomose Canina , Animais Selvagens , BrasilRESUMO
Background: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are diarrheagenic E.coli that can cause disease in humans. The pathotype EPEC leads to the attaching and effacing lesion, causing damage tothe microvilli following to diarrhea. STEC pathotypes produces cytotoxins, which in humans are responsible for hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome. Animals are the reservoirs of these pathotypes, especially ruminants. However,other animals species can be associated as carriers of EPEC and STEC strains. The aim of this study was to analyze wildcanid crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) as potential natural carriers of STEC and EPEC E. coli.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven fecal samples were analyzed from the crab-eating fox of free-living, captured in aperi-urban area. Samples were collected from the rectal ampulla, and the animals were clinic evaluated, being consideredhealthy at the captured moment. The feces were inoculated on medium MacConkey agar, and then the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. All colony forming units (CFU) were collected by plate washing with ultrapure water (2 mL) andposterior freezing at -20°C. The total bacterial DNA from the CFU collected was extracted, followed by PCR assay tosearch for three genes: stx1, stx2 (responsible for the synthesis of the Shiga toxin) and tir, which encodes the translocatedintimin receptor, related to the A/E lesion formation. Three samples were detected as positive, being one animal detected ascarrier of the stx2 gene (STEC strain), while two animals were identified as carrier of the tir gene (EPEC strains).The stx1gene was not identified on the samples. Also, in the samples, only the presence of one gene studied at a time was observed.Therefore, we have found out that the crab-eating fox...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Toxina Shiga , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica , Canidae/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
Astroviruses are a common cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide and can also cause infection in a range of domestic and wild animal species. Canine astrovirus (formally named as Mamastrovirus 5, MAstV5) has been reported worldwide, and its role as an enteric pathogen is still controversial. Herein, we describe the genomic characterization of a MAstV5 (strain crab-eating fox/2016/BRA) identified in a wild canid (Cerdocyon thous) diagnosed with canine distemper virus (CDV) as causa mortis. The nearly complete genome comprised 6579 nt in length and displayed the archetypal organization of astroviruses. The present report is the first evidence of MAstV5 infection in an animal species other than the dog and highlights a possible natural astrovirus spillover between domestic and wild canids. Moreover, these results show the first evidence of extra-intestinal MAstV5, suggesting a virus systemic spread. This work is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the astroviruses biology and their interactions with the wildlife health.
Assuntos
Infecções por Astroviridae/veterinária , Canidae , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Animais Selvagens , Infecções por Astroviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Astroviridae/transmissão , Infecções por Astroviridae/virologia , Braquiúros , Brasil/epidemiologia , Canidae/virologia , Cerebelo/patologia , Cerebelo/virologia , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/imunologia , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/isolamento & purificação , Cães/virologia , Genoma Viral , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Mamastrovirus/classificação , Mamastrovirus/genética , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Fractures and dislocations are common orthopedic conditions arising from traumas from anthropic interaction on wild species, such as those caused by road trampling, being the mandibular separation with great frequency of occurrence in dogs and cats. The procedures for mandibular symphysis stabilization are described as of low complexity in the literature, however no reports of this procedure in wild canids were found. The purpose of this study is to report a surgical procedure of mandibular symphysis disjunction stabilization in an individual of the species Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox) through the technique of cerclage fixation using stainless steel wire.Case: An adult male individual of the free-living specie weighing 5.6 kg was referred to veterinary care after having been run-over. General physical examination showed abrasions in the ventral region of the jaw, discreet bleeding in the oral cavity, and mandibular instability. Subsequently, the patient underwent radiographic examination that revealed mandibular disjunction. The patient was therefore referred to the surgical unit for stabilization. During surgical anesthesia, two 12-gauge hypodermic needles (40x12 mm) were inserted percutaneously through the ventral region of the mandible, protruding into the oral cavity immediately caudal to the canine teeth. Next, both extremities of a 0.5 mm stainless steel wire were introduced into the interior of the needles and, when both ends extruded through the other end of the needles, the latter were removed, leaving only the steel wire uniting both rostral rami of the mandible. Using a twisting apparatus, the steel wire was twisted until the disjunction was completely stabilized and mandibular occlusion was deemed appropriate. Lastly, the surplus steel wire was sectioned, leaving a small segment that remained exposed to surface in the ventral region of the mandible.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Canidae/lesões , Traumatismos Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Mandibulares/cirurgia , Traumatismos Mandibulares/veterinária , Fixação de Fratura/veterinária , Animais SelvagensRESUMO
Background: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are diarrheagenic E.coli that can cause disease in humans. The pathotype EPEC leads to the attaching and effacing lesion, causing damage tothe microvilli following to diarrhea. STEC pathotypes produces cytotoxins, which in humans are responsible for hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome. Animals are the reservoirs of these pathotypes, especially ruminants. However,other animals species can be associated as carriers of EPEC and STEC strains. The aim of this study was to analyze wildcanid crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) as potential natural carriers of STEC and EPEC E. coli.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven fecal samples were analyzed from the crab-eating fox of free-living, captured in aperi-urban area. Samples were collected from the rectal ampulla, and the animals were clinic evaluated, being consideredhealthy at the captured moment. The feces were inoculated on medium MacConkey agar, and then the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. All colony forming units (CFU) were collected by plate washing with ultrapure water (2 mL) andposterior freezing at -20°C. The total bacterial DNA from the CFU collected was extracted, followed by PCR assay tosearch for three genes: stx1, stx2 (responsible for the synthesis of the Shiga toxin) and tir, which encodes the translocatedintimin receptor, related to the A/E lesion formation. Three samples were detected as positive, being one animal detected ascarrier of the stx2 gene (STEC strain), while two animals were identified as carrier of the tir gene (EPEC strains).The stx1gene was not identified on the samples. Also, in the samples, only the presence of one gene studied at a time was observed.Therefore, we have found out that the crab-eating fox...
Assuntos
Animais , Canidae/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Toxina Shiga , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Fractures and dislocations are common orthopedic conditions arising from traumas from anthropic interaction on wild species, such as those caused by road trampling, being the mandibular separation with great frequency of occurrence in dogs and cats. The procedures for mandibular symphysis stabilization are described as of low complexity in the literature, however no reports of this procedure in wild canids were found. The purpose of this study is to report a surgical procedure of mandibular symphysis disjunction stabilization in an individual of the species Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox) through the technique of cerclage fixation using stainless steel wire.Case: An adult male individual of the free-living specie weighing 5.6 kg was referred to veterinary care after having been run-over. General physical examination showed abrasions in the ventral region of the jaw, discreet bleeding in the oral cavity, and mandibular instability. Subsequently, the patient underwent radiographic examination that revealed mandibular disjunction. The patient was therefore referred to the surgical unit for stabilization. During surgical anesthesia, two 12-gauge hypodermic needles (40x12 mm) were inserted percutaneously through the ventral region of the mandible, protruding into the oral cavity immediately caudal to the canine teeth. Next, both extremities of a 0.5 mm stainless steel wire were introduced into the interior of the needles and, when both ends extruded through the other end of the needles, the latter were removed, leaving only the steel wire uniting both rostral rami of the mandible. Using a twisting apparatus, the steel wire was twisted until the disjunction was completely stabilized and mandibular occlusion was deemed appropriate. Lastly, the surplus steel wire was sectioned, leaving a small segment that remained exposed to surface in the ventral region of the mandible.[...]
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Adulto , Canidae/lesões , Fixação de Fratura/veterinária , Traumatismos Mandibulares/cirurgia , Traumatismos Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Mandibulares/veterinária , Animais SelvagensRESUMO
Cerdocyon thous presents a wide geographic distribution in Brazil and its role as a possible Leishmania infantum reservoir in a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) transmission cycle regardless of dogs (Canis familiaris) has been discussed. From this perspective, this work describes the occurrence and use of the habitat by Cerdocyon thous in a Lutzomyia longipalpis occurrence area Teresina (Piaui - Brazil), VL endemic region. Three specimens of C. thous were monitored with the use of radio telemetry and trails and footprints, seeking to find possible natural dens in order to collect the sanflies from the site. Luminous CDC and Damasceno traps were simultaneously installed at the visited sites, where two specimens of L. longipalpis and one L. termitophila were captured. The identification of the dens and trails, allows us to infer that the dens are not used only by the C. thous. Finding the VL vector in natural C. thous natural dens, reinforces the hypothesis of transmission of Le. infantum in the outskirts of the large urban centers, in a cycle that independs from dogs.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmania infantum/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/transmissão , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The massive agricultural expansion converted the Cerdocyon thous, a South American native predator, in vulnerable specie. Basic data, such as histological description, are important to raise awareness on animal species, helping on preservation strategies. Considering the difficult in obtain samples, as the euthanasia of wild animals for this purpose is not allowed, data on histology are very scarce or inexistent. The objective of this paper was to provide a detailed histological description of the trachea and bronchial tree of the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766). The specimens (one adult male and one adult female) used were provided by the Federal University of Pelotas (Pelotas, RS, Brazil) Rehabilitation Center of Wild Fauna (NURFS). Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin and included in paraffin. After slicing, samples were stained with HE (hematoxylin and eosin), PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) and resorcin fuchsin. Trachea had an average diameter of 7.87mm, and approximately 57% of the mucosa ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium was composed of goblet cells, mostly in the dorsal region. Bronchia and bronchioles had a mucosal fold with higher number of goblet cells. Using all these techniques there is no great remarkable differences from C. thous trachea and lung, when compared with the previous described structures for carnivores and most mammals, except for the goblet cells regionalization. Described results are important to understand the animal physiological and behavioral habits, allowing the development of preservation and protection strategies.(AU)
A expansão agrícola maciça tornou o Cerdocyon thous, um predador nativo sul-americano, vulnerável. Dados básicos, tais como descrição histológica, são importantes para aumentar o conhecimento sobre as espécies, ajudando nas estratégias de preservação. A eutanásia de animais selvagens para a coleta de amostras não é permitida, por isso os dados sobre a histologia são muito escassos ou inexistentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de fornecer uma descrição histológica detalhada da traqueia e árvore brônquica do cachorro do mato Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus 1766). Os espécimes (um macho e uma fêmea adultos) utilizados foram fornecidos pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas (Pelotas, RS, Brasil), Centro de Reabilitação da Fauna (NURFS). As amostras de tecido foram fixadas em formalina a 10% e incluídas em parafina. Após o corte, as amostras foram coradas com HE (hematoxilina e eosina), PAS (ácido periódico de Schiff) e resorcina fucsina. A traqueia tinha um diâmetro médio de 7,87 milímetros e aproximadamente 57% do diâmetro do epitélio colunar pseudo-estratificado ciliado da mucosa composto por células caliciformes, principalmente na região dorsal do órgão. Os brônquios e bronquíolos apresentaram cararísticas similares aos outros animais, contudo aparenta ter maior número de células caliciformes. Usando distintas técnicas de coloração, observou-se que não há diferenças notáveis da traqueia e do pulmão de C. thous quando comparados com os dados para carnívoros e para a maioria dos mamíferos, exceto a regionalização de células caliciformes. Os resultados descritos são importantes para compreender a fisiologia dos animais e hábitos comportamentais, permitindo o desenvolvimento de estratégias de preservação e proteção.(AU)