RESUMO

Aim: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes among older adults and compare the prevalence rate of a three-round national survey of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data obtained from MHAS 2015 (n = 8167), 2018 (n = 7854), and 2021 (n = 8060), which comprised a nationally representative sample of older adults in Mexico. The measures included sociodemographic characteristics and health. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the association between independent variables and self-reported diabetes. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 26.3%, 27.7%, and 28.1% in 2015, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This prevalence decreased with age and was higher for female, urban older adults, those with multimorbidity, a lower level of education, and without social security coverage for the three years. Age was associated with a lower possibility of presenting diabetes ([OR = 0.79[0.71-0.89]] and [OR = 0.41[0.33-0.52]] in groups aged 75-84 years and ≥85 years, respectively). Females continue to be more likely to present diabetes than males (OR = 1.39 [95% CI 1.25-1.55]). Older adults living in rural areas are 20% less likely to present diabetes than those living in urban areas (OR = 0.80 [95% CI 0.69-0.93]). Uninsured older adults (OR = 1.35 [95% CI 1.20-1.53]), those who wear glasses (OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.16-1.30]), those with multimorbidity (OR = 1.13 [95% CI 1.01-1.27]), and those who currently drink alcohol (OR = 1.12 [95% CI 1.00-1.25]) were significantly more likely to have diabetes. Conclusion: An elevated prevalence of diabetes was found in older adults in Mexico, while not having access to social security was associated with a higher possibility of presenting diabetes and living in a rural area was associated with a lower possibility of presenting diabetes. Detection, prevention, and control programs should be implemented to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease in older adults and, thus, prevent its associated complications.

Assuntos

Diabetes Mellitus , Autorrelato , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Fatores Etários , Envelhecimento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais

RESUMO

Objectives: Identify, through a systematic review, the main domains and methods to support health technology assessment of Medical Devices (MD) from the perspective of technological incorporation into healthcare systems. Methods: Performed structured searches in MEDLINE, Embase, BVS, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for full studies published between 2017 and May 2023. Selection, extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two blinded reviewers, and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Results: A total of 5,790 studies were retrieved, of which 41 were included. We grouped the identified criteria into eight domains for the evaluations. Conclusion: Overall, studies discuss the need to establish specific methods for conducting HTA in MD. Due to the wide diversity of MD types, a single methodological guideline may not encompass all the specificities and intrinsic characteristics of the plurality of MD. Studies suggest using clustering criteria through technological characterization as a strategy to make the process as standardized as possible.

RESUMO

Abstract This study examined the spatial distribution and social inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage among children aged 5-11 in Brazil. First and second dose vaccine coverage was calculated for all Brazilian municipalities and analyzed by geographic region and deciles based on human development index (HDI-M) and expected years of schooling at 18 years of age. Multilevel models were used to determine the variance partition coefficient, and bivariate local Moran's I statistic was used to assess spatial association. Results showed significant differences in vaccine coverage rates among Brazilian municipalities, with lower coverage in the North and Midwest regions. Municipalities with lower HDI and expected years of schooling had consistently lower vaccine coverage rates. Bivariate clustering analysis identified extensive concentrations of municipalities in the Northern and Northeastern regions with low vaccine coverage and low human development, while some clusters of municipalities in the Southeast and South regions with low coverage were located in areas with high HDI-M. These findings highlight the persistent municipal-level inequalities in vaccine coverage among children in Brazil and the need for targeted interventions to improve vaccine access and coverage in underserved areas.

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Resumo O estudo analisou a distribuição espacial e as desigualdades sociais na cobertura vacinal para COVID-19 entre crianças de 5 a 11 anos no Brasil. As coberturas vacinais foram calculadas para os municípios brasileiros e analisadas por região geográfica e decis com base no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH-M) e expectativa de escolaridade aos 18 anos. Modelos multiníveis foram usados ​​para determinar o coeficiente de partição da variância, e a estatística local bivariada de Moran I foi usada para avaliar a associação espacial. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nas taxas de cobertura vacinal entre os municípios, com menor cobertura nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Municípios com menor IDH e anos de escolaridade esperados apresentaram menores taxas de cobertura vacinal. A análise de agrupamento bivariado identificou extensas concentrações de municípios nas regiões Norte e Nordeste com baixa cobertura vacinal e baixo desenvolvimento humano, enquanto alguns aglomerados de municípios nas regiões Sudeste e Sul com baixa cobertura localizavam-se em áreas com alto IDH-M. Essas descobertas destacam as desigualdades persistentes em nível municipal na cobertura vacinal entre crianças e a necessidade de intervenções para melhorar o acesso e a cobertura vacinal em áreas mais vulneráveis.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children and to investigate factors associated with two outcomes variables: (a) not even beginning; (b) not completing the COVID-19 vaccine series. METHODS: We used data of children aged 6-7 years from the 2015 Pelotas c Birth Cohort Study. COVID-19 vaccination status was collected from immunization cards and National Immunization Program Information System. Adjusted analyses were performed using a hierarchical model to identify factors associated with the two study outcomes. RESULTS: Among 3867 children, 20.7 % (95 % CI, 19.5 %-22.0 %) did not even begin the 2-dose primary COVID-19 vaccine series, and 28.2 % (95 % CI, 26.6 %-29.8 %) did not complete the series with the second dose. Children not even beginning the COVID-19 vaccine series were more likely to have a White mother, not to have obesity, to have a history of COVID-19 infection, to have received non-recommended drugs for COVID-19, to be afraid of needles, and to have an incomplete diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and poliovirus immunization schedule. Not completing the 2-dose series was associated with lower maternal age and education, mother's self-identification as White or Brown, lower household income, lack of access to health services, not having completed the DTP and poliovirus immunization schedule and living with a person with a history of infection with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The results highlight a vaccine-hesitant parents' group who chose not beginning the COVID-19 vaccine series of their children and, another group of parents who failure to complete the child's series due to difficulty accessing health services.

Assuntos

Coorte de Nascimento , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Esquemas de Imunização , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes

RESUMO

Universal health coverage has been proposed as a strategy to improve health in low- and middle-income countries, but this depends on a good provision of health services. Under-5 mortality (U5M) reflects the quality of health services, and its reduction has been a milestone in modern society, reducing global mortality rates by more than two-thirds between 1990 and 2020. However, despite these impressive achievements, they are still insufficient, and most deaths in children under 5 can be prevented with the provision of timely and high-quality health services. The aim of this paper is to conduct a literature review on amenable (treatable) mortality in children under 5. This indicator is based on the concept that deaths from certain causes should not occur in the presence of timely and effective medical care. A systematic and exhaustive review of available literature on amenable mortality in children under 5 was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, OVID medline, Scielo, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar in both English and Spanish. Both primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indices, websites, and databases, were used. Results: The main cause of amenable mortality in children under 5 was respiratory disease, and the highest proportion of deaths occurred in the perinatal period. Approximately 65% of avoidable deaths in children under 5 were due to amenable mortality, that is, due to insufficient quality in the provision of health services. Most deaths in all countries and around the world are preventable, primarily through effective and timely access to healthcare (amenable mortality) and the management of public health programs focused on mothers and children (preventable mortality).

RESUMO

Background: Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS) ensures universal, equitable, and excellent quality health coverage for all. The broad right to health, supported by the Constitution, has led to excessive litigation in the public sector. This has negatively impacted the financial stability of SUS, created inequality in children and adolescents' access to healthcare, and affected communication between the healthcare system and the judiciary. The enactment of Law Number 13.655 on 25 April 2018, proposed significant changes in judicial decisions. This study aimed to investigate decision-making changes in health litigation involving children and adolescents following the implementation of the new normative model. Methods: The study is cross-sectional, analyzing 3753 national judgment documents from all State Courts of Brazil, available on their respective websites from 2014 to 2020. It compares regional legal decisions before and after the promulgation of Law Number 13.655/2018. Data tabulation, statistical analysis, textual analysis, coding, and counting of significant units in the collected documents were performed. The results of data cross-referencing are presented in tables and diagrams. Results: The majority (96.86%) of legal claims (3635 cases) received partial or total provision of what was prescribed by the physician. The Judiciary predominantly handled these cases individually. The analysis indicates that the decisions made did not adhere to the norms established in 2018. Conclusion: Regional heterogeneity in health litigation was observed, and there was no significant variability in decisions during the studied period, even after the implementation of the new normative paradigm in 2018. Technical-scientific support was undervalued by the magistrates. Prioritizing litigants undermines equity in access to Universal Health Coverage for children and adolescents.

Assuntos

Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Cobertura Universal do Seguro de Saúde , Humanos , Brasil , Adolescente , Cobertura Universal do Seguro de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Criança , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Estudos Transversais , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Direito à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência

RESUMO

El Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social inició con el plan de vacunación contra el SARS COV 2, priorizando en la primera etapa a los grupos de mayor vulnerabilidad, quienes correspondían entre otros al personal de salud; en ese sentido el Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI) ha iniciado con el proceso de selección y capacitación de los personales de enfermería en los lineamientos técnicos y operativos del plan de vacunación, sistema de información y de vigilancia de eventos supuestamente atribuidos a la vacunación e inmunización. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de reacciones adversas de las vacunas contra el COVID 19 (CoronaVac®, Astrazeneca® y Covaxin®) en personal de salud de los sectores públicos y privados de la XIV Región Sanitaria Canindeyú. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Resultados: Entre los efectos leves de mayor frecuencia fueron el dolor en el sitio de aplicación, siendo para la vacuna Covaxin® en un 63.6% y para la vacuna Astrazeneca® 62.8%. Con relación a los efectos generales la dispepsia fue la reacción más observada (86.6% para la vacuna Covaxin® y 83.3% para vacuna CoronaVac®), y falta de energía y motivación (vacuna Astrazeneca® con un 34.9%). Discusión: el estudio muestra claramente que existen diferencias en la observación de efectos leves provocados por diferentes vacunas. En esta oportunidad se han observado tres vacunas, resaltando que estos efectos leves son comunes, frecuentes y generalmente temporales en las vacunas.

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The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare began the vaccination plan against SARS COV 2, prioritizing in the first stage the most vulnerable groups, which corresponded, among others, to health personnel; In this sense, the Expanded Immunization Program (PAI) has begun the process of selection and training of nursing personnel in the technical and operational guidelines of the vaccination plan, information system and surveillance of events supposedly attributed to vaccination and immunization. Objective: Determine the incidence of adverse reactions to COVID 19 vaccines (CoronaVac®, Astrazeneca® and Covaxin®) in health personnel from the public and private sectors of the XIV Canindeyú Health Region. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Among the most frequent mild effects were pain at the application site, being 63.6% for the Covaxin® vaccine and 62.8% for the Astrazeneca® vaccine. In relation to the general effects, dyspepsia was the most observed reaction (86.6% for the Covaxin® vaccine and 83.3% for the CoronaVac® vaccine), and lack of energy and motivation (Astrazeneca® vaccine with 34.9%). Discussion: The study clearly shows that there are differences in the observation of mild effects caused by different vaccines. On this occasion, three vaccines have been observed, highlighting that these mild effects are common, frequent and generally temporary in vaccines.

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: A lo largo de los años se ha propuesto una notable variedad de protocolos quirúrgicos periodontales, cuyo enfoque pasó de la simple resolución de defectos de tejidos blandos a la realización de procedimientos predecibles y mínimamente invasivos. Inicialmente se usaba el injerto gingival libre. Posteriormente se han probado diversas técnicas, incluidas aquellas con sustitutos de tejidos blandos, como membranas tipo Alloderm. Hoy en día se considera el gold standard el injerto de tejido conectivo subepitelial asociado al colgajo de avance coronal. Por último, se ha examinado la técnica Pinhole, con mayor preservación de tejido y resultado más estético. Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión fue la comparación de técnicas actualizadas para el tratamiento de recesiones múltiples en maxilar superior e inferior. El resultado del procedimiento se evaluó en términos de cobertura radicular completa, reducción de la recesión, ganancia en altura y volumen, resultado estético, dolor postoperatorio y morbilidad del lecho donante y receptor del paciente. Material y métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas y manuales para recopilar estudios de boca dividida, ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios, series de casos, estudios piloto, libros de periodoncia, estudios de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis, incluyendo los defectos de recesiónes gingivales múltiples, en maxilar y mandibular, de las cuatro clases de Miller, debido a su extensa evidencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron treinta y cuatro publicaciones y se extrajeron datos sobre el resultado de las técnicas quirúrgicas de dieciocho artículos. La evaluación clínica analizó la cantidad de cobertura radicular completa, la reducción de la recesión y la ganancia de altura y volumen, mientras que la perspectiva del paciente se expresó en términos de satisfacción estética y posibles complicaciones postoperatorias. Los procedimientos de los últimos diez años mostraron mejores resultados en todos los factores mencionados anteriormente. Conclusión: La predictibilidad y la estabilidad del tratamiento a largo plazo representan los factores que guían el proceso de elección de la técnica y que añaden valor a los procedimientos más actualizados. Se observaron progresos tanto a nivel estético, al reducir las discrepancias entre el área intervenida y el tejido circundante, como a nivel postoperatorio, al aminorar las molestias del paciente. Los desafíos propios de esta rama pronto podrían encontrar respuesta gracias a su rápida evolución, la cual permite concebir más avances.

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ABSTRACT Background: Along the years, a remarkable variety of periodontal surgical protocols has been proposed, the focus of which has shifted from the mere resolution of a soft tissue defect to the performance of predictable and minimally invasive procedures. Initially, the free gingival graft was used. Subsequently, many different techniques were experimented, including those using soft tissue substitutes, such as the Alloderm membrane. Nowadays, the association of the connective tissue graft with the coronally advanced flap is considered the gold standard. Finally, the Pinhole technique, being a more conservative method in terms of tissue preservation and aesthetic outcome, was proposed. Objectives: The aim of this review was the comparison of the updated techniques for the treatment of multiple periodontal recessions, affecting both maxilla and mandible. The procedure outcome was assessed in terms of complete root coverage, recession reduction, gain in height and volume, aesthetic outcome, patient's post-operative pain and morbidity of donor and recipient sites. Material and methods: Electronic and hand searches were performed to collect split- mouth studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, case series, pilot studies, periodontal books, case studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, including maxillary and mandibular multiple gingival recession defects of all four Miller's classes, for its extensive evidence. Results: Thirty-four publications were included and data regarding the surgical techniques outcome were extracted from eighteen articles. The clinical evaluation analyzed the amount of complete root coverage, recession reduction and gain in height and volume, while the patient's perspective was expressed in terms of aesthetic satisfaction and possible postoperative complications. Procedures in the last ten years showed better results in all the above-mentioned factors. Conclusion: Procedural predictability and long-lasting treatment stability embody the factors driving the technique election process and adding value to more updated procedures. Progress was observed both at an aesthetic level, by reducing the discrepancias between the surgical region and the surrounding tissue, and at a postoperative level, by reducing patient discomfort. The challenges inherent to this branch could soon find answers thanks to its prompt evolution, which allows for further advances to be conceived.

Assuntos

Humanos , Retração Gengival/terapia , Mandíbula , Doenças Periodontais , Transplante de Tecidos

RESUMO

Resumo O estudo procura apontar diferentes configurações de Redes de Atenção à Saúde na atenção básica e hospitalar, a partir de características de cobertura, qualidade e resolubilidade nas macrorregiões de saúde. Estudo transversal, utilizou a técnica de análise de cluster e segmentou 103 macrorregiões em distintos perfis de cobertura, qualidade e resolubilidade: grupo 1 (alta cobertura/AB e média/AH; baixa qualidade AB-AH com alta resolubilidade); grupo 2 (alta cobertura/AB e baixa/AH; baixa qualidade AB-AH com média resolubilidade); e o grupo 3 (alta cobertura/AB e média/AH; alta qualidade AB-AH com alta resolubilidade). A cobertura na AB foi classificada como alta para 100% da população brasileira, e na AH, baixa para 9,70% e média para 90,29%. Qualidade/AB-AH é baixa para 58,54% e alta para 41,15%. A resolubilidade é alta para 90,29% e média para 9,70%. No Brasil, verifica-se expansão da cobertura com baixa qualidade/AB, insuficiência de leitos hospitalares e baixa qualidade/AH com alta resolubilidade. Todavia, prevalece alta qualidade AB-AH no Sudeste e no Sul. A estruturação das redes de saúde ainda se configura de baixa resolutividade, demandando estímulos à governança de arranjos interfederativos.

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Abstract This study seeks to point out the different configurations of Health Care Networks in primary care (AB) and Hospital Care (AH), dimensioned based on coverage, quality, and resolvability characteristics in health macro-regions. Cross-sectional study used the cluster analysis and segmented 103 macro-regions into different profiles of coverage, quality and resolubility: group 1 (high coverage/AB and medium/AH; low quality AB-AH with high resolubility); group 2 (high coverage/AB and low/AH; low quality AB-AH with medium resolubility) and group 3 (high coverage/AB and medium/AH; high quality AB-AH with high resolubility). Coverage in AB was classified as high for 100% of the Brazilian population and in AH low to 9.70% and medium to 90.29%. Quality/AB-AH is low for 58.54% and high for 41.15%. Resolubility is high for 90.29% and medium for 9.70%. In Brazil, there is expansion of coverage with low quality/AB; shortage of hospital beds and low quality/HA with high resolution. However, in the Southeast and South, high AB-AH quality prevails. The structuring of health networks is still characterized by low resolution, demanding incentives for the governance of inter-federal arrangements.

RESUMO

Introducción: A lo largo de los años se ha propuesto una notable variedad de protocolos quirúrgicos periodontales, cuyo enfoque pasó de la simple resolución de defectos de tejidos blandos a la realización de procedimientos predecibles y mínimamente invasivos. Inicialmente se usaba el injerto gingival libre. Posteriormente se han probado diversas técnicas, incluidas aquellas con sustitutos de tejidos blandos, como membranas tipo Alloderm. Hoy en día se considera el gold standard el injerto de tejido conectivo subepitelial asociado al colgajo de avance coronal. Por último, se ha examinado la técnica Pinhole, con mayor preservación de tejido y resultado más estético. Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión fue la comparación de técnicas actualizadas para el tratamiento de recesiones múltiples en maxilar superior e inferior. El resultado del procedimiento se evaluó en términos de cobertura radicular completa, reducción de la recesión, ganancia en altura y volumen, resultado estético, dolor postoperatorio y morbilidad del lecho donante y receptor del paciente. Material y métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas y manuales para recopilar estudios de boca dividida, ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios, series de casos, estudios piloto, libros de periodoncia, estudios de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis, incluyendo los defectos de recesiónes gingivales múltiples, en maxilar y mandibular, de las cuatro clases de Miller, debido a su extensa evidencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron treinta y cuatro publicaciones y se extrajeron datos sobre el resultado de las técnicas quirúrgicas de dieciocho artículos. La evaluación clínica analizó la cantidad de cobertura radicular completa, la reducción de la recesión y la ganancia de altura y volumen, mientras que la perspectiva del paciente se expresó en términos de satisfacción estética y posibles complicaciones postoperatorias. Los procedimientos de los últimos diez años mostraron mejores resultados en todos los factores mencionados anteriormente. Conclusión: La predictibilidad y la estabilidad del tratamiento a largo plazo representan los factores que guían el proceso de elección de la técnica y que añaden valor a los procedimientos más actualizados. Se observaron progresos tanto a nivel estético, al reducir las discrepancias entre el área intervenida y el tejido circundante, como a nivel postoperatorio, al aminorar las molestias del paciente. Los desafíos propios de esta rama pronto podrían encontrar respuesta gracias a su rápida evolución, la cual permite concebir más avances.

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Background: Along the years, a remarkable variety of periodontal surgical protocols has been proposed, the focus of which has shifted from the mere resolution of a soft tissue defect to the performance of predictable and minimally invasive procedures. Initially, the free gingival graft was used. Subsequently, many different techniques were experimented, including those using soft tissue substitutes, such as the Alloderm membrane. Nowadays, the association of the connective tissue graft with the coronally advanced flap is considered the gold standard. Finally, the Pinhole technique, being a more conservative method in terms of tissue preservation and aesthetic outcome, was proposed. Objectives: The aim of this review was the comparison of the updated techniques for the treatment of multiple periodontal recessions, affecting both maxilla and mandible. The procedure outcome was assessed in terms of complete root coverage, recession reduction, gain in height and volume, aesthetic outcome, patient's post-operative pain and morbidity of donor and recipient sites. Material and methods: Electronic and hand searches were performed to collect split- mouth studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, case series, pilot studies, periodontal books, case studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, including maxillary and mandibular multiple gingival recession defects of all four Miller's classes, for its extensive evidence. Results: Thirty-four publications were included and data regarding the surgical techniques outcome were extracted from eighteen articles. The clinical evaluation analyzed the amount of complete root coverage, recession reduction and gain in height and volume, while the patient's perspective was expressed in terms of aesthetic satisfaction and possible postoperative complications. Procedures in the last ten years showed better results in all the above-mentioned factors. Conclusion: Procedural predictability and long-lasting treatment stability embody the factors driving the technique election process and adding value to more updated procedures. Progress was observed both at an aesthetic level, by reducing the discrepancias between the surgical region and the surrounding tissue, and at a postoperative level, by reducing patient discomfort. The challenges inherent to this branch could soon find answers thanks to its prompt evolution, which allows for further advances to be conceived.

Assuntos

Saúde

RESUMO

Introducción. El descenso de las coberturas de vacunación fue muy significativo en la última década. Los pediatras son una pieza fundamental para recuperar coberturas y aumentar la confianza en la vacunación. Objetivos. Describir la percepción de los pediatras acerca del conocimiento y prácticas sobre vacunas, e identificar barreras en el acceso. Métodos. Estudio analítico observacional, mediante encuesta en línea. Se incluyeron variables del perfil del profesional, capacitación y barreras en inmunizaciones. Resultados. Participaron 1696 pediatras (tasa de respuesta: 10,7 %), media de 50,4 años. El 78,7 % fueron mujeres. El 78,2 % contaba con ≥10 años de ejercicio profesional. El 78,4 % realizaba atención ambulatoria y el 56,0 % en el subsector privado. El 72,5 % realizó una capacitación en los últimos 2 años. Se manifestaron "capacitados" para transmitir a sus pacientes los beneficios de las vacunas: 97,2 %; objetivos de campañas: 87,7 %; contraindicaciones: 82,4 %; efectos adversos: 78,9 %; recupero de esquemas: 71,2 %; notificación de ESAVI: 59,5 %. La proporción fue estadísticamente superior, en todos los aspectos, en pediatras con ≥10 años de ejercicio y en aquellos con capacitación reciente (p ≤ 0,01). Barreras identificadas en el acceso a la vacunación: falsas contraindicaciones (62,3 %); falta temporaria de vacunas (46,4 %); motivos culturales (41,4 %); horario restringido del vacunatorio (40,6 %). Conclusiones. La percepción del grado de capacitación fue variable según el aspecto de la vacunación. Aquellos con mayor tiempo de ejercicio profesional y con actualización reciente se manifestaron con mayor grado de capacidad. Se identificaron múltiples barreras frecuentes asociadas al acceso en la vacunación.

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Introduction. The decline in vaccination coverage has been very significant in the past decade. Pediatriciansplay a key role in catching-up coverage and increasing confidence in vaccination. Objectives. To describe pediatricians' perceptions of vaccine knowledge and practices and to identify barriers to access. Methods. Observational, analytical study using an online survey. Variables related to professional profile, training and barriers to vaccination were included. Results. A total of 1696 pediatricians participated (response rate: 10.7%). Their mean age was 50.4 years; 78.7% were women; 78.2% had ≥ 10 years of experience; 78.4% provided outpatient care and 56.0%, in the private subsector; and 72.5% received training in the past 2 years. Respondents described themselves as "trained" in convey the following aspects to their patients: benefits of vaccines: 97.2%; campaign objectives: 87.7%; contraindications: 82.4%; adverse effects: 78.9%; catchup vaccination: 71.2%; reporting of events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization: 59.5%. The proportion was statistically higher in all aspects, among pediatricians with ≥ 10 years of experience and those who received training recently (p ≤ 0.01). The barriers identified in access to vaccination were false contraindications (62.3%), temporary vaccine shortage (46.4%), cultural reasons (41.4%), and restricted vaccination center hours (40.6%). Conclusions. The perception of the level of training varied depending on the vaccination-related aspect. Pediatricians with more years of professional experience and those who received recent updates perceivedthemselves as more trained. Multiple barriers associated with access to vaccination were identified.

Assuntos

Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vacinas , Vacinação , Percepção , Argentina , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pediatras

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite the resources and personnel mobilized in Latin America and the Caribbean to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) in women aged 10-54 years by 75% between 2000 and 2015, the region failed to meet the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) due to persistent barriers to access quality reproductive, maternal, and neonatal health services. METHODS: Using 1990-2019 data from the Global Burden of Disease project, we carried out a two-stepwise analysis to (a) identify the differences in the MMR temporal patterns and (b) assess its relationship with selected indicators: government health expenditure (GHE), the GHE as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), the availability of human resources for health (HRH), the coverage of effective interventions to reduce maternal mortality, and the level of economic development of each country. FINDINGS: In the descriptive analysis, we observed a heterogeneous overall reduction of MMR in the region between 1990 and 2019 and heterogeneous overall increases in the GHE, GHE/GDP, and HRH availability. The correlation analysis showed a close, negative, and dependent association of the economic development level between the MMR and GHE per capita, the percentage of GHE to GDP, the availability of HRH, and the coverage of SBA. We observed the lowest MMRs when GHE as a percentage of GDP was close to 3% or about US$400 GHE per capita, HRH availability of 6 doctors, nurses, and midwives per 1,000 inhabitants, and skilled birth attendance levels above 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda, health policies aimed at the effective reduction of maternal mortality should consider allocating more resources as a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve the goals and should prioritize the implementation of new forms of care with a gender and rights approach, as well as strengthening actions focused on vulnerable groups.

Assuntos

Serviços de Saúde Materna , Mortalidade Materna , Humanos , Mortalidade Materna/tendências , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Feminino , América Latina/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Materna/normas , Serviços de Saúde Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Gravidez , Adolescente , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Gastos em Saúde/tendências , Adulto Jovem , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Selecting the right technique for lower limb soft tissue reconstruction is a therapeutic challenge. Despite having several reconstruction options, it's important to choose a technique that is effective and with the least possible donor site morbidity. OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of the medial tab flap in soft tissue reconstruction on the leg, compared to conventional flaps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cohort study matched by age. 64 patients with soft tissue defects were selected and according to the intervention divided in: group 1)medial tab flap, and group 2)conventional flaps (sural, soleus, gastrocnemius) followed up to one year postoperatively. OUTCOME VARIABLES: surgical time in minutes, healing, healing time in days, complications. RESULTS: The patients who underwent surgery with medial tab flap and with conventional flaps healed completely. The healing time was 16.2±11.2 days in the tab flap and 16.1±11.2 days in conventional flaps, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups (P=.89). The surgical time for tab flaps was 225.2±117.8minutes, and 191.3±117.2minutes for the comparison flaps (P=.65), there were no statistically significant differences. There were no complications in the medial tab flaps. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the medial tab flap technique is as effective as the conventional flap technique, with complete flap survival and healing, and without any major complications in this studied group.

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar estratégias utilizadas para a gestão de imunobiológicos e as limitações para a adesão às vacinas pelos trabalhadores da área da saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa que selecionou publicações em cinco bases de dados, utilizando a estratégia PICo, no período de 2016 a 2020. Utilizou-se os softwares Endnote X5 e Rayyan para identificação de documentos duplicados e cegamento dos avaliadores. Resultados: Totalizaram 15 artigos, dos quais um foi classificado com grau de recomendação alto e 10 artigos com nível de evidência 4, em relação ao delineamento, foram encontrados sete estudos transversais. Constatou-se que 14 (93,3%) abordaram o imunobiológico contra o vírus Influenza. Os estudos foram agrupados em duas categorias para melhor organização das estratégias de gestão e das limitações na adesão às vacinas pelos trabalhadores da saúde. Conclusão: Observou-se como um fator concordante nos diversos estudos para superar as barreiras da hesitação vacinal é importante intensificar as campanhas de comunicação e divulgação, focadas em ações de educação em saúde. Tais estratégias podem ser difundidas e replicadas em diferentes contextos dos serviços de saúde ocupacional. Este estudo contribui para avançar e fortalecer a utilização de estratégias para o gerenciamento de vacinação na saúde do trabalhador. (AU)

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Objective: The aim of the study was to identify vaccine management strategies and barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers. Methods: An Integrative Review was conducted using five databases. The selection of the studies that had been published from the years 2016 to 2020 was based on the PICo strategy. To allow blinded evaluation and exclude duplicate references, the softwares Endnote and Rayyan were used. Results: 15 articles were selected. One was classified as having a high degree of recommendation and 10 other studies received level of evidence 4. Regarding design, seven studies were cross-sectional. 14 of the total (93.3%) addressed Influenza vaccines. The studies were split in two categories: management strategies and barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers. Conclusion: Several studies agreed that, in order to overcome barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers, it is important to intensify strategies and campaigns focused on communicating and disseminating health education. Those strategies can be disseminated and replicated in different contexts of occupational health services. This study contributes to advancing and strengthening the use of occupational vaccination management strategies. (AU)

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Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias utilizadas para la gestión de inmunobiológicos y las limitaciones para la adherencia a las vacunas por trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: Revisión integradora que seleccionó publicaciones en cinco bases de datos, utilizando la estrategia PICo, en el período de 2016 a 2020. Se utilizó el software Endnote X5 y Rayyan para identificar documentos duplicados y cegar a los evaluadores. Resultados: Un total de 15 artículos, uno de los cuales fue clasificado como de alto grado de recomendación y 10 artículos con nivel de evidencia 4, en relación al diseño, se encontraron siete estudios transversales. Se encontró que 14 (93,3%) abordaron la inmunobiología frente al virus Influenza. Los estudios se agruparon en dos categorías para una mejor organización de las estrategias de gestión y las limitaciones en la adherencia a las vacunas por parte de los trabajadores de la salud. Conclusión: Se observó como factor de concordancia en varios estudios para superar las barreras de la vacilación vacunal, es importante intensificar las campañas de comunicación y difusión, enfocadas en acciones de educación en salud. Estas estrategias pueden difundirse y replicarse en diferentes contextos de los servicios de salud ocupacional. Este estudio contribuye a avanzar y fortalecer el uso de estrategias de gestión de la vacunación en la salud del trabajador. (AU)

Assuntos

Cobertura Vacinal , Programa de Saúde Ocupacional , Vacinas , Enfermagem , Humanização da Assistência

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The overall incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in France is low; thus, BCG vaccination is no longer mandatory. In French Guiana - a French overseas territory - BCG vaccination is strongly recommended because the incidence of TB is high in the context of mass immigration from endemic countries with low BCG vaccination rates. Thus, it is important to assess Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination coverage and its predictors. METHODS: We used data from the 2014 French Guiana Yellow Fever survey, which was conducted by the Observatoire Régional de la Santé de Guyane. Demographic and immunization data from eligible children and their families were collected using a questionnaire. Children who had an immunization card and who were no older than 7 years of age at the time of the survey were eligible. The Coverage for BCG and other mandatory vaccines were estimated; the delay in BCG vaccination was also computed. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified predictors associated with BCG immunization and BCG delayed immunization (after 2 months of age). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Overall, 469 children were eligible for this study. The total BCG coverage was 79.5 %, and the proportion of children vaccinated with delay was 50.7 %. The multivariate analysis indicated that BCVA was significantly greater among children younger than 3 years of age, whose household head was employed and whose education level was greater. None of the predictors were associated with the delay of BCG vaccination.

Assuntos

Vacina BCG , Tuberculose , Criança , Humanos , Guiana Francesa , Vacinação , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Imunização

RESUMO

Objective: To provide an overview of the status of the childhood vaccination schedule in the Americas, outline program structures, and identify updated implementation strategies to improve vaccination coverage following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A group of experts in pediatrics, epidemiology, vaccines, and global and public health discussed the current status of the childhood vaccination schedule in the Americas, describing the program structure and identifying new implementation strategies that have the potential to improve vaccination coverage in the post-pandemic context, after the challenges COVID-19 presented for more than two years. Results: The Americas currently face a high risk of resurgence of diseases that were previously controlled or eliminated. Therefore, it is important to find new strategies to educate citizens on the risks associated with lower vaccination rates, especially in children. Conclusions: New strategies along with strong mobilization of the population and advocacy by citizens are necessary to prevent antivaccination groups from gaining a stronger presence in the region and jeopardizing the credibility of the Expanded Program on Immunization.

RESUMO

The persistence of varicella outbreaks in Brazil has underscored the high concern with the low vaccine coverage in the last 4 years. Using publicly available data from the Brazilian Health System (SUS), this study analyzed varicella vaccine coverage and incidence trends from 2019 to 2022 in Brazilian States. Vaccine coverage decreased nationally in 2020, possibly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic's initial phase. In Bahia State, we have the persistence of varicella with an incidence rate of 3.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (higher incidence compared to other States) in 2023. Under 15 months children and young children (4-6 Years old) faced the highest risk, urging the importance of vaccination. Despite a monovalent varicella vaccine being available through Brazil's National Immunization Program (NIP), Bahia fell short of achieving the ≥95 % disease control target for coverage. The study highlight the importance of vaccines to prevent some infectious diseases, as varicella, in poor tropical regions. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, and augmenting awareness campaigns, are important to achieve and sustain high vaccine coverage over 80% as WHO guidelines to obtain a safe rate of protection for Brazilian population (Brazil's national immunization program has a target of 95% coverage).

Assuntos

Vacina contra Varicela , Varicela , Surtos de Doenças , Programas de Imunização , Cobertura Vacinal , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Varicela/epidemiologia , Vacina contra Varicela/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Varicela/imunologia , Pré-Escolar , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Lactente , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Incidência , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Adulto , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

Objective: Evaluate the implementation of the Ministry of Health's "Action Plan: Border Vaccination Strategy - Agenda 2022" in the Brazil's 33 twin cities and evaluate the increase in the country's vaccination coverage (VC). Methodology: Pre-post community clinical trial. Implementation of the strategy was analyzed, and pre- and post-intervention VC were compared in two stages: P1 (pre-intervention) and P2 (post-intervention). Based on statistical analyses of P1 and P2 coverage, calculations were made of municipal averages, standard deviation, and difference in VC between the two periods. Results: Integration was observed between the primary health care (PHC), surveillance, immunization, and special indigenous health district (DSEI) teams, although there were difficulties, for example, in relation to migratory flows. While immigration flows present challenges in the areas of immunization, PHC, and DSEI, the difficulties are compounded by the polarization of these services, which hinders intersectoral integration. After carrying out the workshops, a total of 50 977 doses were administered in the general population in the 33 twin cities. There was an increase in vaccination coverage in children up to 1 year of age in the locations evaluated after the intervention, which may be relevant in terms of increasing VC in Brazil. Conclusion: There was an increase in vaccination coverage in children up to 1 year of age in the locations evaluated after the intervention, helping to increase VC in Brazil.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de la Estrategia de Vacunación en las Fronteras - Agenda 2022, que forma parte del Plan de Acción del Ministerio de Salud en las 33 ciudades hermanas y evaluar el aumento de las tasas de cobertura de vacunación en Brasil. Métodos: Ensayo clínico comunitario realizado antes y después de la intervención correspondiente. Se analizó la aplicación de la estrategia y se compararon las tasas de cobertura de vacunación antes y después de la intervención en dos periodos: P1 (pre-intervención) y P2 (post-intervención). En los análisis estadísticos de la tasa de cobertura de vacunación en P1 y P2 se calcularon los valores de media y desviación estándar de los municipios y la diferencia entre las tasas de cobertura de los dos periodos. Resultados: Se observó una integración entre los equipos de Atención Primaria de Salud, Vigilancia, Inmunización y el Distrito Especial de Salud Indígena (DISEI), pero con dificultades, como las inherentes al flujo migratorio. Cabe destacar que el flujo migratorio es uno de los desafíos en el contexto de la inmunización, la atención primaria de salud y el DISEI, dificultad que se ve agravada por la polarización entre los servicios (inmunización, atención primaria de salud y el DISEI), lo que supone un reto para la integración de los sectores. Por lo que respecta al análisis de las tasas de cobertura de vacunación llevado a cabo después de realizar los talleres, se administró un total de 50 977 dosis a la población general en las 33 ciudades hermanas de Brasil. Hubo un aumento de las tasas de cobertura de vacunación de menores de hasta un año de edad en los lugares evaluados después de la intervención, lo que puede ser importante para aumentar las tasas de cobertura de Brasil. Conclusión: Después de la intervención hubo un aumento de las tasas de cobertura de vacunación de menores de hasta un año de edad en los lugares evaluados, lo cual influyó en el incremento de las tasas de cobertura de Brasil.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that successful health systems strengthening (HSS) projects have addressed disparities and inequities in maternal and perinatal care in low-income countries. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review covered the period between 1980 and 2022, focusing on successful HSS interventions within health systems' seven core components that improved maternal and perinatal care. RESULTS: The findings highlight the importance of integrating quality interventions into robust health systems, as this has been shown to reduce maternal and newborn mortality. However, several challenges, including service delivery gaps, poor data use, and funding deficits, continue to hinder the delivery of quality care. To improve maternal and newborn health outcomes, a comprehensive HSS strategy is essential, which should include infrastructure enhancement, workforce skill development, access to essential medicines, and active community engagement. CONCLUSION: Effective health systems, leadership, and community engagement are crucial for a comprehensive HSS approach to catalyze progress toward universal health coverage and global improvements in maternal and newborn health.

Assuntos

Saúde Global , Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade Materna , Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Mortalidade Materna/tendências , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Serviços de Saúde Materna/organização & administração , Países em Desenvolvimento , Lactente , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração

RESUMO

Introducción: Paraguay asumió el reto de lograr cobertura universal mediante redes basadas en Atención Primaria de la Salud con Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) en el primer nivel de atención. Un desafío es la atención integral ante enfermedades no transmisibles, principal causa de mortalidad en el país. Objetivo: analizar la capacidad de las USF para la atención de personas con hipertensión arterial y diabetes en el sistema nacional de salud. El diseño fue no experimental, cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo con componente analítico. Metodología: Incluyó a 761 USF de 12 regiones sanitarias agrupados en 4 ejes territoriales. Se adaptó el método de evaluación SARA de la OMS con 75 variables, aplicando un cuestionario a profesionales de salud entre noviembre y diciembre de 2022. Se calculó índices de disponibilidad y preparación así como un índice que los integra. La medida continua de estos índices se categorizó en 3 grupos: suficiente >0,75 a 1; intermedio 0,5 a 0,75 y bajo <0,5. Resultados: Solo en el 38 % de las USF el índice de disponibilidad fue suficiente, en el 31,5 % para el índice de preparación y en el 31,1 % para el índice integrador SARA DM/HTA. El desempeño se asoció de forma significativa con el eje territorial no así con el área ni con la cobertura a población indígena Discusión: las USF presentaron limitaciones para la atención de personas con diabetes e hipertensión en estas regiones del país.

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Introduction: Paraguay assumed the challenge of achieving universal coverage through networks based on Primary Health Care with Family Health Units (USF) at the first level of care. One challenge is comprehensive care for non-communicable diseases, the main cause of mortality in the country. Objective: to analyze the capacity of the USF to care for people with high blood pressure and diabetes in the national health system. The design was non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive with an analytical component. Methods: It included 761 USF from 12 health regions grouped into 4 territorial axes. The WHO SARA evaluation method was adapted with 75 variables, applying a questionnaire to health professionals between November and December 2022. Availability and preparation indices were calculated as well as an index that integrates them. The continuous measurement of these indices was categorized into 3 groups: sufficient >0.75 to 1; intermediate 0.5 to 0.75 and low <0.5. Results: Only in 38.0% of the USF the availability index was sufficient, in 31.5% for the readiness index and in 31.1% for the SARA DM/HTA integrating index. The performance was significantly associated with the territorial axis, but not with the area or with the coverage of the indigenous population. Discussion: the USF presented limitations for the care of people with diabetes and hypertension in these regions of the country.