RESUMO
objective: we aimed to know the legal demands on health and the arguments made by the patient, the defense, and the judge in judicial hearings. Methods: For this, we used the method of case law research. The research unit was Brazilian judicial processes with the material object of health demands, decided between 2012 and 2013. Results: The results showed reliance on constitutional arguments for both the request and the decision, while the defense was based on diverse and obsolete legal points. Conclusión: it was concluded that judges have decided questions about health using purely legal arguments and reproducing points made by the patient. The defense of the Brazilian health system is fragile due to the lack of an adequate legal rationale
objetivo: conhecer as demandas judiciais sobre saúde e discursos do paciente, da defesa e do juiz da causa. Metodologia: utilizou-se o método da pesquisa jurisprudencial, levantando-se nos 27 tribunais brasileiros os processos cujo objeto material fosse demandas sobre saúde, decididos em 2012 e 2013. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram uma manutenção nos argumentos constitucionais para a solicitação e para a decisão, enquanto que a defesa do sistema de saúde tem elegido a teses jurídicas dispersas e obsoletas. Conclusão: os juízes têm decidido questões sobre saúde utilizandose de argumentos meramente jurídicos e repetidos do paciente. A defesa do sistema de saúde brasileiro é frágil em função dos inócuos argumentos trazidos para os autos.
objetivo: conocer las demandas legales sobre la salud y los argumentos del paciente, la defensa y el juez en audiencias judiciales. Métodos: se utilizó el método de investigación de jurisprudencia. La unidad de investigación fue el proceso judicial brasileño con el objeto material de las demandas de salud, decidido entre 2012 y 2013. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron dependencia de argumentos constitucionales tanto para la solicitud como para la decisión, mientras que la defensa se basó en puntos jurídicos diversos y obsoletos. Conclusión: se llegó a la conclusión de que los jueces han decidido cuestiones sobre la salud utilizando argumentos puramente legales y reproduciendo puntos hechos por el paciente. La defensa del sistema de salud brasileño es frágil debido a la falta de un fundamento jurídico adecuado
RESUMO
The research was conducted in 27 Brazilian courts of law. We aimed to know the legal demands on health and the arguments made by the patient, the defense, and the judge in judicial hearings. For this, we used the method of case law research. The research unit was Brazilian judicial processes with the material object of health demands, decided between 2012 and 2013. The results showed reliance on constitutional arguments for both the request and the decision, while the defense was based on diverse and obsolete legal points. It was concluded that judges have decided questions about health using purely legal arguments and reproducing points made by the patient. The defense of the Brazilian health system is fragile due to the lack of an adequate legal rationale.
A pesquisa foi realizada nos tribunais de justiça brasileiros e teve como objetivo conhecer as demandas judiciais sobre saúde e discursos do paciente, da defesa e do juiz da causa. Para isso utilizou-se o método da pesquisa jurisprudencial, levantando-se nos 27 tribunais brasileiros os processos cujo objeto material fosse demandas sobre saúde, decididos em 2012 e 2013. Os resultados demonstraram uma manutenção nos argumentos constitucionais para a solicitação e para a decisão, enquanto que a defesa do sistema de saúde tem elegido a teses jurídicas dispersas e obsoletas. Concluiu-se que os juízes têm decidido questões sobre saúde utilizando-se de argumentos meramente jurídicos e repetidos do paciente. A defesa do sistema de saúde brasileiro é frágil em função dos inócuos argumentos trazidos para os autos.
La investigación ha sido realizada en los tribunales de justicia y en el juicio de la causa. Para este tipo de uso de la investigación de jurisprudencia, fueran consultados nos 27 tribunales brasileiros los procesos sobre salud, con sentencia en los años 2012 y 2013. Los resultados demuestran los argumentos constitucionales para las solicitudes de pacientes. Para una decisión, han elegido las teses jurídicas dispersas y ultrapasadas. Los juicios han decidido sobre la salud utilizándose de argumentos judiciales y repetidos del paciente. La defensa del sistema de salud brasileño es frágil en la función de los argumentos de los abogados públicos
RESUMO
O trabalho, a depender das condições em que é exercido e do tipo de atividade, repercutirá de forma negativa sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores e desencadeará agravos e danos que exigirão a reparação ou compensação. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as bases racionais das decisões dos juízes trabalhistas nos casos de acidente de trabalho, investigando os elementos e pressupostos utilizados pelo magistrado na construção do ato de julgar, no deferimento do pedido.O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de análise documental exploratória, utilizando-se metodologia qualitativa, para identificar os sentidos da palavra escrita dos magistrados trabalhistas mediante a Análise do Discurso. A fonte documental é composta por sentenças da Justiça do Trabalho de Salvador, Bahia.As análises permitiram a formulação de categorias das bases racionais que indicaram a dificuldade dos magistrados em estabelecer um conceito de dano; a necessidade de tornar a doença ?invisível? em visível, como meio de prova; a complexidade em se estabelecer parâmetros para a determinação dos valores indenizatórios e a ratificação da defesa da prevenção.
Work, depending on the conditions under which it is exercised and the type of activity, reflects negatively on the health of workers, causing injuries and damage that require repair or compensation. The aim of this study is to analyze the rationale of the decisions of judges in cases of labor accidents at work, investigating the factors and assumptions used by the magistrate in the construction of the act of judging in the sense of acceptance. The work was developed through exploratory analysis of documents, through qualitative methodology to identify the meanings of the written word through the labor of judges Discourse Analysis. The source document consists of sentences of the Labour Court in Salvador, Bahia. The analysis allows the formulation of categories of rationales that indicated the difficulty magistrates had to establish a concept of damage, the need to make an ?invisible? disease visible, as evidence; the difficulty to establish parameters fordetermination of reparation and the need for defense of prevention.
ResumenEl trabajo, en función de las condiciones en que se ejerce y el tipo de actividad, repercutirá de forma negativa en la salud de los trabajadores, y desencadenará lesiones y daños que exigirán reparación o indemnización. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las bases racionales de las decisiones de los jueces del trabajo en los casos de accidentes laborales, investigando los elementos y suposiciones previas utilizadas por el juez en la construcción del acto de juzgar en el sentido de lo solicitado. El trabajo fue desarrollado por medio de análisis exploratorio de los documentos, utilizando metodología cualitativa para identificar los significados de la palabra escrita de los magistrados del trabajo mediante el Análisis del Discurso. El documento original se compone de sentencias del Tribunal del Trabajo de Salvador, Bahia. Los análisis permitieron la formulación de categorías de las bases racionales que indicaron la dificultad de los magistrados para establecer un concepto de daño, la necesidad de hacer que la enfermedad ?invisible? se torne visible, como medio de prueba; la dificultad de establecer parámetros para la determinación de los valores de indemnización y la necesidad de defensa de la prevención.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho , Direito Sanitário , Decisões Judiciais , Saúde OcupacionalRESUMO
PIP: In May 1989 the El Salvador Supreme Court ruled that land in Lourdes distributed under the land reform program had been seized illegally and ordered it returned to its previous owner. This was the 5th such decision reached by the court about redistributed land. 24 similar cases were expected to be heard by the court in the following year.^ieng
Assuntos
Economia , Jurisprudência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América , América Central , Países em Desenvolvimento , El Salvador , América Latina , América do Norte , Planejamento SocialRESUMO
PIP: On June 16, 1989 the following legal provisions were declared unconstitutional: 1) Articles 134 (2) and 135 of the Ecuador Civil Code, which require a wife to be obedient to her husband and to follow him to wherever he chooses to have his residence; 2) Articles 250-256 of the Civil Code, which set forth rules relating to the filiation of children whose pregnancy is declared within 30 days after the separation of the wife from the husband, which among other things, give the husband the right to provide a companion for the wife until she gives birth or to force the wife to take up residence with a family of his choice; 3) Articles 12, and 14-16 of the Commercial Code, which provide that a wife can engage in business only with the authorization of her husband; and 4) Article 27 of the Penal Code, which excuses crimes involving murder, wounding, or battery committed by a man when he surprises his daughter, granddaughter, or sister engaged in an unlawful carnal act.^ieng
Assuntos
Divórcio , Emprego , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Família , Jurisprudência , Casamento , Gravidez , Preconceito , Características de Residência , Direitos da Mulher , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Equador , Características da Família , Relações Familiares , Geografia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , População , Características da População , Política Pública , Problemas Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
The Court granted the petition sought by the Juvenile Defender of the Argentina Ministry of Minors to prevent a mentally retarded minor who had been the victim of rape and who was four months into her pregnancy from having an abortion. The Defender sought to prevent the abortion because he believed 1) that the fetus had a right to life and 2) that the performance of the abortion would pose a significant health risk to the mother. Although the mother of the minor had consented under provisions of the Penal Code allowing a pregnancy occurring under such circumstances to be terminated if the legal representative of the mentally retarded woman consents, the Court ruled that there was no consent. It concluded that the mother was not the legal representative of the minor because the minor did not live with her parents and had not been legally declared mentally incompetent. The Court also stated that, in cases where a pregnant woman with parental authority petitions to have an abortion, the law mandates that the fetus be represented legally and that the court must consult the Ministry of Minors before it authorizes an abortion. It based its decision on the legal right of a fetus to life.
Assuntos
Aspirantes a Aborto , Aborto Induzido , Adolescente , Pessoas com Deficiência , Jurisprudência , Estupro , Consentimento do Representante Legal , Fatores Etários , América , Argentina , Crime , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , América Latina , População , Características da População , Problemas Sociais , América do SulRESUMO
The Court of Appeal of Santiago, Chile, held that, under Articles 111 and 481(4) of the Chilean Code of Penal Procedure, the confession of an accused will prove that person's participation in the crime only if it is corroborated by other means of proof and the confession is in conformity with the circumstances surrounding the crime. It acquitted the defendant, who had confessed to the crime of abortion, noting that the medical record stated that the abortion was spontaneous and that the physician could not affirm that there had been abortive manipulations.
Assuntos
Aborto Criminoso , Aborto Induzido , Aborto Espontâneo , Jurisprudência , Legislação como Assunto , América , Chile , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , América Latina , Complicações na Gravidez , América do SulRESUMO
The Court held that, under Chilean law, the crime of abortion could not be proved when there was neither traumatic injury to external or internal organs nor an intrauterine foreign body, when histopathological tests had not been performed, and when neither the viability of the fetus nor the existence of abortive manipulations had been demonstrated.
Assuntos
Jurisprudência , Legislação como Assunto , Aborto Induzido , América , Chile , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , América Latina , América do SulRESUMO
The Supreme Court of Colombia dismissed an action against the defendant that charged him with performing an abortion as a consequence of his murdering a pregnant woman. It held that there had been no crime of abortion since one of the elements of the crime is intention, and here the defendant had only intended to kill the pregnant woman, not to cause an abortion. It let stand, however, murder charges against the defendant.
Assuntos
Aborto Induzido , Homicídio , Jurisprudência , Gravidez , América , Colômbia , Crime , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , América Latina , População , Características da População , Problemas Sociais , América do SulRESUMO
The plaintiff challenged Article 168 of the Peruvian Civil Code, which provides that, when a woman is married, only the husband is entitled to represent matrimonial property before a court. On the basis of this Article, the plaintiff had lost a suit over back rent due from tenants of buildings that she owned. The Human Rights Committee concluded that Article 168 violated Article 3 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (equal right of men and women to enjoyment of rights guaranteed by the ICCPR; Article 14(1) (equality before courts); and Article 26 (equality before the law and equal protection of the law). It called on the Peruvian Government to remedy these violations.