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The objective of this issue is a theoretical approach to the disadvantages involved in taking the certification exams of medical specializations through serial case reports and analyzing them with the Classical Test Theory (TCT). The certification exams of medical specializations correspond to criterial summative exams with high consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain the highest quality standards in all the processes involved in preparing the exam. At present, it has been detected that some councils of medical specialties conduct the certification exams with tests that contain serial case reports and the psychometric analysis that they conduct is supported by the TCT; however, the structure of this type of test violates the fundamental assumptions of the TCT. The violation of the fundamental assumptions of the TCT in the tests constructed through serial case reports can lead to biases or misinterpretations of the results. Due to the above, it is advisable to use other psychometric models for the analysis of this type of test, or to avoid the use of serial case reports in the certification exams of medical specialties.
Se presenta un planteamiento teórico de las desventajas de realizar los exámenes de certificación de las especializaciones médicas mediante casos clínicos seriados y analizarlos con la Teoría Clásica del Test (TCT). Los exámenes de certificación de las especializaciones médicas corresponden a exámenes sumativos criteriales de altas consecuencias, por lo tanto, es imperativo mantener los máximos estándares de calidad en todos los procesos implicados en su elaboración. Actualmente, se ha detectado que algunos consejos de especialidades médicas realizan los exámenes de certificación con pruebas que incluyen casos clínicos seriados y que el análisis psicométrico está sustentado en la TCT; sin embargo, la estructura de este tipo de pruebas infringe los supuestos fundamentales de dicha teoría. La violación de los supuestos fundamentales de la TCT en las pruebas construidas mediante casos clínicos seriados puede conducir a sesgos o interpretación errónea de los resultados. Por lo anterior, es recomendable utilizar otros modelos psicométricos para el análisis de este tipo de pruebas, o evitar el uso de los casos clínicos seriados en los exámenes de certificación de las especialidades médicas.
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Certificação , Psicometria , Humanos , Avaliação Educacional/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Professionalism is fundamental to the existence of professions. In pharmacy, interest in this theme improved with events that examined the resocialization of pharmacists in care. With this, evaluating professionalism can help the operationalization of the theme and, consequently, the development of strategies for pharmacy consolidation before its challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the professionalism of Brazilian pharmacists. METHODS: To meet the objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and August 2023. Data were collected using the Brazilian version of the "Modification of Hall's Professionalism Scale for Use with Pharmacists". The scale has 39 items grouped into the domains: autonomy, vocation, professional council, self-regulation, continuing education, and altruism. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an ANOVA analysis of variance with post-hoc Hochberg or Games-Howell tests with Bootstrapping was conducted to verify differences between groups. RESULTS: 600 pharmacists participated in this study. The majority (69%) was female and carried out their professional activities in community pharmacies (50%). Professionalism scores ranged between 14 and 29 points, with an average of 22.8 points. Pharmacists working in outpatient clinics had higher scores in most factors, namely, altruism, continuing education, professional council, vocation, and autonomy. This indicates that the inclination of pharmacists to occupy areas focused on care can be significant to assess professionalism. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate that pharmacists working in outpatient clinics had higher professionalism scores compared to others. This corroborates the worldwide trend experienced by pharmacy in recent decades, which is the execution of increasingly patient-centered practice models.
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Farmacêuticos , Profissionalismo , Humanos , Profissionalismo/normas , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Brasil , Adulto , Papel Profissional , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
CONTEXT: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been widely used to improve strength, fatigue resistance and increase muscle mass in healthy individuals. These effects could help critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) who show reduced mobility and muscle strength. ICU-acquired weakness lessens overall health and increases the patient's length of stay in the ICU. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of PBMT using low intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the mobility and muscle strength (functional capacity) and length of stay of patients admitted to hospital ICU. METHODS: This randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled trial was conducted in a hospital ICU. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups: (a) PBMT and (b) Sham. PBMT was applied daily to patients until their discharge from the ICU, using a flexible neoprene array of 264 LEDs (120 at 635 nm, 1.2 mW each; 144 at 880 nm, 15 mW each) for 90s (207.36 Joules) at each site. Ten sites were located bilaterally on the thighs, legs, arms, and forearms ventrally and dorsally, 15 min totaling 2,073.6 Joules per session. Outcomes were length of stay (in h) until discharge from the ICU, muscle strength by the Medical Research Council (MRC) score and handgrip dynamometry (HGD), patient mobility by Intensive Care Unit Mobility Scale (IMS) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3) for predicting mortality of patients admitted to the ICU. RESULTS: PBMT reduced the average length of stay in the ICU by ~30% (p = 0.028); increased mobility (IMS: 255% vs. 110% p = 0.007), increased muscle strength (MRC: 12% vs. -9% p = 0.001) and HGD (34% vs. -13% p < 0.001), and the SAPS3 score was similar (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that daily PBMT can reduce the length of stay of ICU patients and increase muscle strength and mobility.
Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Tempo de Internação , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Adulto , Idoso , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We discuss key health challenges currently faced by countries in the Central America and Dominican Republic region after the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight the influence of socioeconomic determinants for the challenging public health dynamics observed and the crucial roles that regional cooperation and health economic research can have for tackling such challenges. METHODS: We present a descriptive overview of the current situation of public finances and its effect on government capacity to improve social expenditure. We also discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on social dynamics and living conditions in the region. RESULTS: Our analysis suggests that the interplay between all these factors is likely to have important consequences for health systems and population health in the post-pandemic period. Previous examples of successful cross-country cooperation in the region indicate the great potential that these initiatives have for supporting health system resilience against current challenges. Technical cooperation must be informed by (currently unavailable) research evidence that can guide decision making, especially health economic research to support national health resource allocation policies. Areas identified as priorities for applied health economic research include both macro and microeconomic analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Central America and the Dominican Republic face significant health challenges post-pandemic. Our article emphasizes the great potential that regional technical cooperation, informed by further health economic research, has to improve public policies and health governance in the region.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , República Dominicana , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Central , COVID-19/epidemiologiaRESUMO
RESUMO Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa normativa sobre o enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19, no Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS), entre os meses de fevereiro de 2020 e maio de 2022. Tratou-se de estudo documental, descritivo-analítico com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram identificados 77 atos expedidos pelo colegiado do CNS, sendo 63 recomendações, 6 pareceres, 5 moções, 2 notas técnicas e 1 resolução, constatando-se que a maior parte dos documentos (59%) foi elaborada no primeiro ano da pandemia. A despeito da atuação do CNS no enfrentamento da Covid-19, destaca-se o uso de atos não vinculantes, concentrando-se a produção normativa do CNS em recomendações que têm caráter meramente orientadores.
ABSTRACT The present article presents the outcomes of the normative research on the combat against the COVID-19 pandemic at the National Health Council (Conselho Nacional de Saúde - CNS) from February 2020 to March 2022. This is a documental, descriptive-analytical study, with qualitative approach, using the technical analysis of content. Seventy-seven acts were issued by the CNS Collegiate, there included 63 recommendations, 6 opinions, 5 motions, 2 technical notes and 1 resolution. Most part of the documents (59%) were worked out during the first year of the pandemic. Despite the Council's performance when combating the COVID-19, non-binding acts may be highlighted, the CNS normative production concentrating in merely guidance recommendations.
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Introducción: El nuevo coronavirus comenzó en Wuhan, China, a fines de 2019 y se ha diseminado con rapidez por todo el mundo. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de la COVID-19 en el Policlínico Ángel Machaco Ameijeiras de la semana estadística 11 a la 34, 2020. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con el universo fueron los casos atendidos Se utilizó el Programa EPIDAT 3.1, las variables definidas permitieron la creación una base de datos en Excel. Resultados: Se confirmaron 16 casos desde el inicio de la pandemia, todos son cubanos, con una fuente de infección conocida, La tasa de incidencia acumulada es de 4,6 POR 10 000 habitantes, predominaron los pacientes asintomáticos, las edades de 21 a 39 años y de 40 a 59 años, en el consejo popular Debeche Nalón predominaron los casos en el mes de abril y reaparecieron en julio y agosto. Conclusiones: Se confirmaron un 20,2 por ciento de los casos sospechosos de COVID-19, predominaron los casos en el consejo popular Debeche Nalón y el grupo de edades de 21 a 39 años. No se evidenciaron diferencias relacionadas con el sexo. Todos los casos tenían fuente de infección conocida, sobre todo los centros de trabajo. Al momento del ingreso la mayoría era asintomático. Las infecciones respiratorias agudas se encuentran en zona de éxito durante la etapa analizada y su tendencia era descendente, así como la tendencia de la COVID-19 ligeramente ascendente(AU)
Introduction: The new coronavirus began in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and has spread rapidly throughout the world. Objective: To characterize the behavior of COVID-19 at Ángel Machaco Ameijeiras Polyclinic from statistical week 11 to 34, 2020. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the universe made up of the cases assisted. EPIDAT 3.1 Program was used, the defined variables allowed the creation of a database in Excel. Results: Sixteen cases have been confirmed since the beginning of the pandemic, all are Cuban, with a known source of infection. The cumulative incidence rate is 4.6 per 10,000 inhabitants, asymptomatic patients, ages 21 to 39 years and 40 to 59 years predominated. In Debeche Nalón community, cases prevailed in the month of April and reappeared in July and August. Conclusions: 20.2percent of suspected COVID-19 cases were confirmed. No differences related to sex were evident. All cases had a known source of infection, especially those in workplaces. At the time of admission, the majority were asymptomatic. Acute respiratory infections are in the success zone during the stage analyzed and their trend was downward, while the trend of COVID-19 was slightly upward(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Populações Vulneráveis , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologiaRESUMO
It is not that unusual to find that Americans are unaware that Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, and, like them, Puerto Ricans are U.S citizens enjoying the same liberties, freedoms, and rights. It may be less expected to face such incognizance or ignorance within the medical community as careers in medicine offer healthcare professionals the opportunity to serve patients spanning race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and other demographic differences. Unfortunately, some of the personal experiences of the primary author have prompted us to cull four personal narratives of Puerto Rican individuals (Boricuas), who comprise 20.8% of the Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin applicants to U.S. medical schools, during various early stages of a medical career. Of course, these personal anecdotes, offered in response to just a few general questions about recent experiences of bias in medical applications or in early training, do not indicate pervasive bias. Similarly, these instances may be more common than people in the medical community would prefer to believe. In the brief narratives that follow, Boricuas at different junctures in their medical educations highlight the bias that they have faced and their reactions to it. We present this information with the hope of promoting awareness of potential biases at different stages of medical education.
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Internato e Residência , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Faculdades de Medicina , Porto Rico , Hispânico ou Latino , PreconceitoRESUMO
Since 2004, the ISCB Student Council has been organizing different symposia worldwide, gathering together the community of young computational biologists. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation, the world scientific community was forced to cancel in-person meetings for almost two years, imposing the adoption of virtual formats instead. After the successful editions of our continental symposia in 2020 in the USA, Latin America, and Europe, we organized our flagship global event, the Student Council Symposium (SCS) 2021, trying to apply all previous lessons learned and to exploit the advantages that virtuality has to offer.
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COVID-19 , Biologia Computacional , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudantes , Europa (Continente) , Pessoal de SaúdeRESUMO
O objetivo do presente manuscrito é caracterizar e descrever os fluxos do Sistema de Avaliação de Práticas Psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP), dispositivo instituído no âmbito do Sistema Conselhos de Psicologia e regulamentado pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia através da Resolução CFP nº 15, de 18 de agosto de 2023. O SAPP surge da necessidade premente de orientação e qualificação profissionais frente às práticas emergentes que produzem o saber/ fazer da psicologia. Nesse sentido, trata-se de processo que busca orientar, qualificar e fazer conhecer práticas que sejam compatíveis ou não com o exercício profissional em psicologia. Com o trabalho realizado no SAPP serão produzidos pareceres que contribuirão minimamente para o conhecimento das fronteiras que delimitam os campos da psicologia e, por excelência, conheceremos melhor nossas próprias formas de atuação. Através da consideração do trinômio teoria-prática-ética, o CFP espera com o SAPP abrir diálogos com grupos, práticas e saberes fronteiriços e constantemente relegados pela psicologia hegemônica. Para tanto, parte do pressuposto de que os saberes e fazeres destas populações podem refinar as teorias psicológicas e fazer a psicologia avançar como ciência e profissão.(AU)
This manuscript aims to characterize and describe the flows of the Aluízio Lopes de Brito Psychological Practices Assessment System (SAPP), an instrument established within the framework of the Psychology Council System and regulated by the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP) with Resolution CFP No. 15, of August 18, 2023. The SAPP arises from the pressing need for professional guidance and qualification in the face of emerging practices that shape the knowledge/practice of psychology. In this sense, it is a process that seeks to guide, qualify, and make known practices that are compatible or not with the professional practice of psychology. The work carried out in the SAPP will produce opinions that will contribute minimally to the understanding of the boundaries that delimit the fields of psychology and, by excellence, we will better understand our own modes of operation. Considering the trinity of theory-practice-ethics, the CFP hopes with the SAPP to open dialogues with groups, practices, and knowledge that are in the borders and are constantly relegated by hegemonic psychology. To this end, it assumes that the knowledge and practices of these populations can refine psychological theories and advance psychology as a science and profession.(AU)
El objetivo de este manuscrito es caracterizar y describir los flujos del Sistema de Evaluación de Prácticas Psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP), un dispositivo establecido en el marco del Sistema de Consejos de Psicología y regulado por el Consejo Federal de Psicología a través de la Resolución CFP n.º 15, con fecha del 18 de agosto de 2023. El SAPP surge de la necesidad apremiante de orientación y calificación profesional frente a las prácticas emergentes que configuran el conocimiento y las habilidades de la psicología. En este sentido, es un proceso que busca orientar, calificar y dar a conocer prácticas que sean compatibles o no con el ejercicio profesional de la psicología. El trabajo realizado en el SAPP generará opiniones que contribuirán mínimamente a la comprensión de los límites que delimitan los campos de la psicología y, por excelencia, comprender mejor nuestras propias formas de actuación. A través de la consideración de la tríada teoría-práctica-ética, el CFP espera que con el SAPP puede llevar a cabo el diálogo con grupos, prácticas y conocimientos fronterizos y constantemente pasados por alto por la psicología hegemónica. Con este fin, se asume que los conocimientos y prácticas de estas poblaciones pueden refinar las teorías psicológicas y hacer avanzar la psicología como ciencia y profesión.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicologia , Técnicas Psicológicas , Avaliação da Pesquisa em Saúde , Inovação Organizacional , Arteterapia , Psicologia Social , Justiça Social , Sociologia , Tecnologia , Terapêutica , Violência , Terapias Complementares , Terapia por Acupuntura , Saúde Mental , Cromoterapia , Pessoal de Saúde , Diversidade Cultural , Aromaterapia , Benchmarking , Criatividade , Credenciamento , Vulnerabilidade a Desastres , Cultura , Terapias Sensoriais através das Artes , Terapias Espirituais , Autonomia Pessoal , Dançaterapia , Dança , Democracia , Códigos de Ética , Auriculoterapia , Marginalização Social , Ensaios Clínicos Pragmáticos como Assunto , Ontologia Genética , Influência dos Pares , Tratamento Conservador , Intervenção Psicossocial , Saúde Holística , Direitos Humanos , Prática Institucional , Descrição de Cargo , Aprendizagem , Imperícia , Medicina Antroposófica , MusicoterapiaRESUMO
O presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar a atuação do Conselho Nacional de Justiça no que tange à judicialização da saúde, assim como seu enfrentamento aos colapsos gerados a partir da pandemia de covid-19. Seguindo esse ideário, o problema de pesquisa foi identificar os desafios e as ações estratégicas do Conselho Nacional de Justiça diante da judicialização da saúde em tempos de covid-19. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de um estudo bibliográfico, seguindo o método hipotético-dedutivo. Como resultado, observou-se que o Conselho Nacional de Justiça vem apresentando diversas ações, culminando no avanço do diálogo interinstitucional para melhorias nos serviços prestados aos cidadãos brasileiros pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Por fim, concluiu-se que o sistema de saúde vem enfrentando há muitos anos diversas dificuldades, e a chegada dessa pandemia, que se alastrou por todo o território nacional e, consequentemente, disseminou o caos sanitário e humanitário, agravou a situação, tornando mais nítida a ausência de estrutura e de políticas públicas capazes de reduzir os abismos e discrepâncias no setor da saúde.
This article aimed to identify the actions of the National Council of Justice regarding the judicialization of health, as well as its confrontation with the collapses generated from the covid-19 pandemic. Following this ideology, the research problem was to identify the challenges and strategic actions of the National Council of Justice in the face of the judicialization of health in times of covid-19. The research was developed through a bibliographical study, following the hypothetical-deductive method. As a result, it was observed that the National Council of Justice has been presenting several actions, culminating in the advancement of inter-institutional dialogue for improvements in the services provided to Brazilian citizens by the Unified Health System. Finally, it was concluded that the health system has been facing several difficulties for many years, and the arrival of this pandemic, which spread throughout the national territory and, consequently, spread sanitary and humanitarian chaos, aggravated the situation, making clearer the lack of structure and public policies capable of reducing the abysses and discrepancies in the health sector.
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Conselhos de SaúdeRESUMO
Neste artigo, buscamos refletir sobre como a participação de crianças e adolescentes vem sendo incorporada por um Conselho Municipal de Direitos, no interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Relatamos a nossa experiência como conselheiras de direitos, de 2012 a 2018, e como coordenadoras de um projeto de extensão desenvolvido em 2016 e 2017, que buscou criar um espaço de fala para crianças e adolescentes e sensibilizar profissionais sobre esta temática. Realizamos oficinas com 60 crianças, 25 adolescentes, e 20 profissionais que atuavam na rede socioassistencial. Observamos que os sujeitos das gerações mais novas continuam sendo tratados pelo Conselho, bem como pelos projetos cofinanciados pelo Fundo Municipal, de forma objetificada e pouco participativa. As noções de controle e disciplinamento social são intrínsecas à abordagem assistencialista adotada. Ao final, o artigo apresenta as perspectivas de crianças e adolescentes sobre suas realidades e algumas possibilidades de inserção de sua participação no Conselho.
In this paper, we aim to reflect on how the participation of children and adolescents has been incorporated by a Municipal Council of Rights, in the interior of the state of Rio de Janeiro. We report our experience as counselors, from 2012 until 2018, and as coordinators of an extension project developed in 2016 and 2017, which sought to create a space for children and adolescents to speak and to sensitize professionals on this topic. We held workshops with 60 children, 25 adolescents and 20 professionals who worked in the social assistance network. We observed that the subjects from younger generations continue to be treated by the Council, as well as by projects cofinanced by the Municipal Fund, in an objectified and little participative way. The notions of control and discipline are intrinsic to the welfare approach adopted. At the end, the paper presents perspectives of children and adolescents about their realities and some possibilities for their participation in the Council.
En este artículo, buscamos reflexionar sobre cómo la participación de niños y adolescentes ha sido incorporada por un Consejo Municipal de Derechos, en el interior del estado de Río de Janeiro. Reportamos nuestra experiencia como consejeras de derechos, de 2012 a 2018, y como coordinadoras de un proyecto de extensión desarrollado, en 2016 y 2017, que buscaba crear un espacio para que los niños y adolescentes hablaran y sensibilizar a los profesionales sobre este tema. Realizamos talleres con 60 niños, 25 adolescentes y 20 profesionales que trabajaban en la red de asistencia social. Observamos que los sujetos de las generaciones más jóvenes siguen siendo tratados por el Consejo, así como por los proyectos cofinanciados por el Fondo Municipal, de forma objetivada y poco participativa. Las nociones de control social y disciplina son intrínsecas al enfoque de bienestar adoptado. Al final, el artículo presenta las perspectivas de los niños y adolescentes sobre sus realidades y algunas posibilidades para su participación en el Consejo.
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Este estudio se enfocó en los trabajos del Consejo Técnico Escolar para explorar e identificar las temáticas, organización e interacción de los docentes de Educación Física y el posible regreso a clases. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo exploratorio con una iniciativa didáctica de micro investigación, participando 15 maestros de una zona escolar, respondiendo una encuesta de opinión. En cuanto a las formas de intervención en la educación a distancia entre los docentes mujeres y hombres, se encontraron diferencias con relación a los recursos tecnológicos y materiales apropiados (p < .025). En el manejo de las emociones de los docentes se observaron diferencias significativas en las mujeres (p < 0.028). La educación a distancia y los programas de mejora son los principales temas abordados, seguidos de la educación socioemocional y evaluación, para lo cual han tenido que desarrollar estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje de forma remota. Se concluye que se han logrado pocos aprendizajes en la educación virtual.
This study focused on the works carried out by the School Technical Council to explore and identify the themes, organization and interaction of Physical Education teachers and their possible return to classes. An exploratory descriptive study was performed, with didactic micro-research initiative. An opinion survey was answered by 15 teachers from a school district. Regarding the forms of intervention in remote education among female and male teachers, differences were found relating to technological resources and appropriate equipment (p < .025). In regard to teachers' emotional management, there were significant differences observed in women (p < 0.028). The main topics addressed were remote education and improvement programs, followed by socioemotional education and evaluation, for which they had to develop specific strategies for remote teaching and accomplish some learning goals in remote and virtual learning.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação Física e Treinamento/métodos , Educação a Distância , Docentes/psicologia , Educação Física e Treinamento/organização & administração , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Pandemias , MéxicoRESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly changed how scientific conferences are organized, fostering virtual meetings. These online events have allowed students and researchers to overcome geographical, administrative and economic barriers to attend and organize high-quality international symposiums. Moreover, these virtual conferences have contributed to the creation of inclusive activities that strengthen scientific communities. Here, we summarize the main activities and learnings from the 1st Ecuadorian-Venezuelan Symposium of Young Bioinformatics Researchers (1SEVJIB), organized by the Ecuadorian and Venezuelan ISCB-SC Regional Student Groups (RSGs). This symposium aimed to provide an opportunity for undergraduate and postgraduate students from Ecuador, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries to share their Bioinformatics research. The 1SEVJIB was the first bi-national conference organized by two RSGs from Latin America (LatAm). This symposium was a two-day virtual meeting with five activities: 1) oral student presentations, 2) poster session, 3) keynote lectures, 4) workshop, and 5) round table. This conference promoted the scientific exchange and cooperation networks between young Bioinformatics researchers and students from Ecuador, Venezuela, and LatAm, giving them opportunities to boost their scientific careers.
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Biologia Computacional , Congressos como Assunto , COVID-19 , Biologia Computacional/educação , Equador , Humanos , Pandemias , Pesquisadores , Sociedades Científicas , Estudantes , VenezuelaRESUMO
Background and aim: This study investigated the effect of Kava extract (Piper methysticum), a medicinal plant that has been worldly used by its anxiolytic effects, on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity of mice brain after 21 days of treatment as well as anxiolytic and locomotor behavior. Furthermore, the in vitro inhibitory profile of Kava extract on MAO-B activity of mouse brain was evaluated. Experimental procedure: Mice were treated with Kava extract (10, 40, 100 and 400 mg/kg) for 21 days by gavage. After behavioral analysis (plus maze test and open field), MAO activity in different mouse brain structures (cortex, hippocampus, region containing the substantia nigra and striatum) were performed. MAO-B inhibitory profile was characterized in vitro. Results: The treatment with Kava extract (40 mg/kg) increased the percentage of entries of mice into the open arms. Ex vivo analysis showed an inhibition on MAO-B activity caused by Kava extract in cortex (10 mg/kg) and in the region containing the substantia nigra (10 and 100 mg/kg). In vitro, Kava extract also reversibly inhibited MAO-B activity with IC50 = 14.62 µg/mL and, increased Km values at the concentrations of 10 and 30 µg/mL and decreased Vmax value at 100 µg/mL. Conclusion: Kava extract showed different effects on MAO-B isoform depending on the brain structure evaluated. Therefore, the use of Kava extract could be promissory in pathologies where MAO-B is the pharmacological target.
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The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the central role of the One Health (OH) approach, as a multisectoral and multidisciplinary perspective, to tackle health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. This study assessed Brazilian preparedness and response to COVID-19 and zoonoses with a focus on the OH approach and equity dimensions. We conducted an environmental scan using a protocol developed as part of a multi-country study. The article selection process resulted in 45 documents: 79 files and 112 references on OH; 41 files and 81 references on equity. The OH and equity aspects are poorly represented in the official documents regarding the COVID-19 response, either at the federal and state levels. Brazil has a governance infrastructure that allows for the response to infectious diseases, including zoonoses, as well as the fight against antimicrobial resistance through the OH approach. However, the response to the pandemic did not fully utilize the resources of the Brazilian state, due to the lack of central coordination and articulation among the sectors involved. Brazil is considered an area of high risk for emergence of zoonoses mainly due to climate change, large-scale deforestation and urbanization, high wildlife biodiversity, wide dry frontier, and poor control of wild animals' traffic. Therefore, encouraging existing mechanisms for collaboration across sectors and disciplines, with the inclusion of vulnerable populations, is required for making a multisectoral OH approach successful in the country.
RESUMO
Objetivou-se analisar a atuação do Conselho Nacional de Saúde no núcleo do processo decisório da política de saúde entre 2014-2017. A análise foi baseada nos projetos políticos em disputa na arena política da saúde e nos projetos dos governos de Dilma e de Temer. Com a mudança no projeto de governo, o Conselho passou a atuar pela via judicial, além de pelas vias social e parlamentar, passando do alinhamento (crítico) à franca oposição, até sua neutralização com o boicote da participação do Conselho nas discussões de pautas da política de saúde nos anos 2016-2017. Embora não tenha tido poder suficiente para mudar a correlação de forças em torno do desmonte do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o Conselho figurou-se em um bloco político de resistência e de enfrentamento em defesa do SUS constitucional. (AU)
El objetivo fue el análisis de la actuación del Consejo Nacional de Salud en el núcleo del proceso de decisión de la política de salud entre 2014-2017. El análisis tuvo como base los proyectos políticos en disputa en la arena política de la salud y en los proyectos de los gobiernos Dilma y Temer. Con el cambio en el proyecto de gobierno, el Consejo pasó a actuar, además de en las vías social y parlamentaria, en la vía judicial, pasando del alineamiento (crítico) a la franca oposición, hasta su neutralización, con el boicot de la participación del Consejo en las discusiones de pautas de la política de salud en los años 2016-2017. Aunque no haya tenido poder suficiente para cambiar la correlación de fuerzas alrededor del desmontaje del Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS), el Consejo se configuró como un bloque político de resistencia y de enfrentamiento, en defensa del SUS constitucional. (AU)
This study aimed to analyze the role of the National Health Council in the core of the decision-making process of health policy in the period 2014-2017. The analysis was based on the political disputed projects in the health policy sphere and on the government projects of former Presidents Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer. Due to the government's project change, in addition to the social and parliamentary channels, the Council started to act through the judicial channel as well, moving from critical alignment to outright opposition until its neutralization, with the Council's participation boycott in the health policy agenda discussions in the period 2016-2017. Although it did not have enough power to change the balance of forces surrounding the deconstruction of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), the Council was part of a political bloc of resistance and confrontation in defense of the constitutional SUS. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Sistema Único de Saúde , Conselhos de Saúde , Política de Saúde/tendências , Brasil , EntrevistaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the equivalence between the concepts of the International Classification for Nursing Practice and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. Method: theoretical reflection based on the analysis of equivalence between the concepts of diagnoses, results and nursing interventions of the International Classification for Nursing Practice and the hierarchy of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. The researchers' experience and articles on the subject provided support for analysis. Results: nursing diagnoses and results of the International Classification for Nursing Practice are present in the hierarchies "clinical finding", "disorder" and "problem situation", while the interventions are included in the hierarchies "procedure" and "regime/therapy". The main causes of non-equivalence are linked to the problems of the specificity of the concept. Cross-mapping will require analysis by nursing specialists to improve the representativeness of the concepts. The equivalence table must be translated into Brazilian Portuguese, but the entire Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms lacks interdisciplinary work. Conclusion: the representation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice in systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms will bring benefits related to the clarity of concepts. The concepts of nursing classification that are not equivalent will require conceptual analysis. The lack of translation of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms for the Portuguese language will reflect the development of terminological subsets of the International Classification for Nursing Practice.
RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la equivalencia entre los conceptos de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería y la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos. Método: reflexión teórica basada en el análisis de la equivalencia entre los conceptos de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería y la jerarquía de la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos. La experiencia de los investigadores y los artículos sobre el tema sirvieron de apoyo para el análisis. Resultados: los diagnósticos y resultados de enfermería de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería están presentes en las jerarquías "hallazgo clínico", "trastorno" y "situación-problema", mientras que las intervenciones están incluidas en las jerarquías "procedimiento" y "régimen/terapia". Las principales causas de la no equivalencia están vinculadas a los problemas de especificidad del concepto. El mapeo cruzado requerirá el análisis de expertos en enfermería para mejorar la representatividad de los conceptos. La tabla de equivalencia debe ser traducida al portugués brasileño, pero la totalidad de la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos carece de trabajo interdisciplinario. Conclusión: la representación de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería en la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos traerá beneficios relacionados con la claridad de conceptos. Los conceptos de clasificación de enfermería que no sean equivalentes requerirán un análisis conceptual. La falta de traducción de la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos para el portugués se reflejará en el desarrollo de subconjuntos terminológicos de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería.
RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a equivalência entre os conceitos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem e da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. Método: reflexão teórica baseada na análise da equivalência entre os conceitos de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem e a hierarquia da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. A experiência das pesquisadoras e artigos sobre o tema ofereceram suporte para análise. Resultados: diagnósticos e resultados de enfermagem da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem estão presentes nas hierarquias "achado clínico", "transtorno" e "situação-problema", enquanto as intervenções constam nas hierarquias "procedimento" e "regime/terapia". As principais causas de não equivalência são ligadas aos problemas da especificidade do conceito. O mapeamento cruzado exigirá análise por especialistas na enfermagem para melhorar a representatividade dos conceitos. A tabela de equivalência deverá ser traduzida para o português brasileiro, porém a totalidade da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms carece de trabalho interdisciplinar. Conclusão: a representação da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem na Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms trará benefícios relacionados à clareza dos conceitos. Os conceitos da classificação de enfermagem que não foram equivalentes necessitarão de análise conceitual. A ausência de tradução da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms para o português refletirá no desenvolvimento de subconjuntos terminológicos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem.
Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Vocabulário Controlado , Terminologia Padronizada em Enfermagem , Conselho Internacional de Enfermagem , Classificação , Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine , Diagnóstico , MétodosRESUMO
O Conselho Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (CES/RJ) é um órgão colegiado integrante da estrutura da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde (SES/RJ), com integrantes conselheiros divididos em usuários do SUS, representantes dos profissionais da saúde, e representantes da gestão da SES/RJ. Possui como funções precípuas participar da construção de políticas públicas de saúde, assim como fiscalizar e permitir que a população, representada pelo segmento usuários SUS, tenha sua fatia de participação, através do voto de seus representantes escolhidos e integrantes do Conselho, possuidores do direito à voto. O CES/RJ ainda acompanha e contribui para o fortalecimento dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se o objetivo deste trabalho: o de examinar o desempenho do controle social no CES/RJ. Para tanto, buscamos documentar o seu funcionamento interno desde a sua criação, destacando a organização dos trabalhos internos, os processos de nomeação de conselheiros para a composição de assentos em Comissões Gestoras, e os desdobramentos para o acompanhamento e construção da política de saúde. Entendendo que a literatura encontrada sobre as movimentações realizadas pelo controle social no âmbito da saúde tem um foco maior na representação dos usuários do sistema único de saúde e dos profissionais de saúde, o objetivo deste trabalho também é analisar a qualidade da representação da gestão do corpo técnico da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SES/RJ) nos assentos do CES/RJ. O estudo teve como metodologia a análise das atas das reuniões plenárias do colegiado pleno do CES nos anos de 2013 e 2020, tomando como base a sistematização dos assuntos nos seguintes eixos: (i) desenvolvimento institucional; e (ii) aprendizado democrático. O produto esperado deste estudo é provocar reflexões e discussões sobre a linha de crescimento ascendente que as análises das atas demonstraram, no sentido de evidenciar um conselho que vem se desenhando através dos anos de forma mais bem organizado e mais presente dentro das questões que envolvem decisões fundamentais nas construções de políticas públicas de saúde dentro do estado do Rio de Janeiro.
The State Health Council of the State of Rio de Janeiro CES/RJ is a permanent, equal and deliberative collegiate body, with the functions of formulating strategies, controlling and supervising the execution of state health policies, including the economic and financial aspects, allowing system users to be members of the Council, with representation and voting rights. CES/RJ still monitors and contributes to the strengthening of Municipal Health Councils. The objective of this work is to examine the performance of social control in the State Health Council CES/RJ. To this end, we seek to document its internal functioning since its creation, highlighting the organization of internal work, the processes of appointing directors for the composition of seats in Management Committees, and the developments for the monitoring and construction of the health policy. Understanding that the literature found on the movements carried out by social control in the field of health has a greater focus on the representation of users of the unified health system and health professionals, the objective of this work is also to analyze the quality of the representation of management of the technical staff of SES/RJ in the seats of CES/RJ. The study's methodology was the analysis of the minutes of the plenary meetings of the CES full collegiate in the years 2013 and 2020, based on the systematization of the subjects the following axes: (i) institutional development; and (ii) democratic learning. The expected product of this study is to provoke reflections and discussions on the ascending growth line that the analysis of the minutes showed, in the sense of showing a council that has been drawing up over the years better organized and more present within the issues that involve fundamental decisions in the constructions of public health policies within the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Assuntos
Controle Social Formal , Gestão em Saúde , Conselhos de Saúde , Gestor de Saúde , Política de Saúde , Sistema Único de Saúde , BrasilRESUMO
O objetivo da Dissertação é analisar as Atas Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação e Promoção de Direitos LGBT (CNDC LGBT), desde sua criação até sua extinção em junho de 2019, seis meses após o início do mandato do Presidente Jair Bolsonaro, identificando suas possíveis potências e limitações durante o período. Com o Decreto No 9.883, o CNCD LGBT passou a ser apenas Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação, frisando seu caráter generalista e de apagamento das principais pautas da população LGBTQIA+. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade de análise documental. O corpus diz respeito às Atas de reuniões CNCD LGBT, do período de 2011 até 2019. É importante ressaltar que as Atas são importante documento de registro histórico, porém, são por vezes, ainda registros incipientes de assuntos complexos. O resultado é que o fim do CNCD LGBT, mesmo tendo apoio, verba e respeito do governo que o criou e manteve durante dois terços de sua existência, ele foi uma política de governo. O fato do Conselho não ter sido criado como uma política de Estado, como aconteceu com outros conselhos, a exemplo do Conselho de Saúde levou à sua dissolução.
The main objective of this Essay is to analyze the Proceedings of the National Council for Fighting Against Discrimination and for Promotion of LGBT Rights (CNDC LGBT in the Portuguese acronym), since its foundation up to the extinction in June 2019, only six months after President Bolsonaro took power, identifying the strengths and limitations reached at the period. With the Presidential Decret n. 9.883, CNCD LGBT became the National Council for Fighting Against Discrimination, reinforcing a characteristic of generalization and erasing the main issues addressed by the LGBTQIA+ community. The methodological procedures are qualitative with document analysis. The corpus is composed by the Proceedings of the CNCD LGBT meetings, from 2011 to 2019. It is important to highlight that the Proceedings are relevant historical documents, but, sometimes, register poorly complex issues. The main result is that the end of CNCD LGBT, but to the fact that it was a government policy. Even though, the government that created it and sustained it for two thirds of its existence, it was not lifted up as a State policy, as it happened to other councils, such as the Health Council, which jeopardized the continuity CNCD LGBT and its conversion to a generalist council.
Assuntos
Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
O objetivo da Dissertação é analisar as Atas Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação e Promoção de Direitos LGBT (CNDC LGBT), desde sua criação até sua extinção em junho de 2019, seis meses após o início do mandato do Presidente Jair Bolsonaro, identificando suas possíveis potências e limitações durante o período. Com o Decreto No 9.883, o CNCD LGBT passou a ser apenas Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação, frisando seu caráter generalista e de apagamento das principais pautas da população LGBTQIA+. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade de análise documental. O corpus diz respeito às Atas de reuniões CNCD LGBT, do período de 2011 até 2019. É importante ressaltar que as Atas são importante documento de registro histórico, porém, são por vezes, ainda registros incipientes de assuntos complexos. O resultado é que o fim do CNCD LGBT, mesmo tendo apoio, verba e respeito do governo que o criou e manteve durante dois terços de sua existência, ele foi uma política de governo. O fato do Conselho não ter sido criado como uma política de Estado, como aconteceu com outros conselhos, a exemplo do Conselho de Saúde levou à sua dissolução.
The main objective of this Essay is to analyze the Proceedings of the National Council for Fighting Against Discrimination and for Promotion of LGBT Rights (CNDC LGBT in the Portuguese acronym), since its foundation up to the extinction in June 2019, only six months after President Bolsonaro took power, identifying the strengths and limitations reached at the period. With the Presidential Decret n. 9.883, CNCD LGBT became the National Council for Fighting Against Discrimination, reinforcing a characteristic of generalization and erasing the main issues addressed by the LGBTQIA+ community. The methodological procedures are qualitative with document analysis. The corpus is composed by the Proceedings of the CNCD LGBT meetings, from 2011 to 2019. It is important to highlight that the Proceedings are relevant historical documents, but, sometimes, register poorly complex issues. The main result is that the end of CNCD LGBT, but to the fact that it was a government policy. Even though, the government that created it and sustained it for two thirds of its existence, it was not lifted up as a State policy, as it happened to other councils, such as the Health Council, which jeopardized the continuity CNCD LGBT and its conversion to a generalist council.