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Abstract Background: Working memory-based spatial cognition has attracted the attention of the scientific community in navigation and reorientation projects. The dominant approach considers that spontaneous spatial navigation behavior is based merely on environmental geometry (built and natural environmental objects). In this domain, DCD (Developmental Coordination Disorder) motor skill orientation problems have been frequently associated with poor visuospatial cognition, while immersive VR environments encourage more repetition, allowing for faster motor skill development and recovery. Objective: This pilot study tested the functionality of an immersive VR environment with environmental geometry (rectangular arena rich in symmetry) and featural landmark cues (striped wall, flora) as a route-learning tool for children with motor skill disorders. Methods: Forty DCD children aged 5 to 8 years (20 boys and 20 girls); five (5) 3D reality modeling setups with orthogonality, symmetry, and striped walls as design parameters; and trial walk-through coordination exercises using a predefined visual pathway with different motor control conditions (daylight, darkness). Participants' path completion rate, path completion time, and walk-through satisfaction were recorded as route-learning performance variables and analyzed statistically. Results/findings: DCD children's spatial orientation was statistically shown to be more stable and robust (in path completion rates, termination time, and walk-through level of satisfaction) in a virtual 3D environment rich in orthogonality, symmetry, and featural cues as landmarks. In this compound environmental geometry setup, training functionality and immersive learning performance enjoyed an 8.16% better path completion rate, a 12.37% reduction in path completion time, and 32.10% more walk-through satisfaction than reality modeling setups poor in geometry and landmarks. The effectiveness and robustness were validated statistically. Conclusion: Children with motor skill difficulties train and learn better in virtual 3D environments that are rich in orthogonality, symmetry, and featural landmark cues.
Resumen Antecedentes: La cognición espacial basada en la memoria de trabajo ha atraído la atención de la comunidad científica en proyectos de navegación y reorientación. El enfoque dominante considera que el comportamiento espontáneo de navegación espacial se basa meramente en la geometría ambiental (objetos ambientales construidos y naturales). En este ámbito, los problemas de orientación de las habilidades motoras del TDC (Trastorno del Desarrollo de la Coordinación) se han asociado con frecuencia a una cognición visoespacial deficiente, mientras que los entornos de RV (Realidad Virtual) inmersivos fomentan una mayor repetición, lo que permite un desarrollo y una recuperación más rápidos de las habilidades motoras. Objetivo: Este estudio piloto probó la funcionalidad de un entorno de RV inmersiva con geometría ambiental (arena rectangular rica en simetría) y señales de puntos de referencia característicos (pared rayada, flora) como herramienta de aprendizaje de rutas para niños con trastornos de la habilidad motora. Métodos: Cuarenta niños con TDC de entre 5 y 8 años (20 niños y 20 niñas); cinco (5) configuraciones de modelado de realidad 3D con ortogonalidad, simetría y paredes rayadas como parámetros de diseño; y ejercicios de coordinación de recorrido de prueba utilizando una ruta visual predefinida con diferentes condiciones de control motor (luz diurna, oscuridad). Se registraron la tasa de finalización del recorrido, el tiempo de finalización del recorrido y el grado de satisfacción de los participantes como variables de rendimiento del aprendizaje de recorridos y se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Se demostró estadísticamente que la orientación espacial de los niños con TDC era más estable y robusta (en tasas de finalización del camino, tiempo de finalización y nivel de satisfacción del recorrido) en un entorno 3D virtual rico en ortogonalidad, simetría y señales de características como puntos de referencia. En esta configuración de geometría ambiental compuesta, la funcionalidad del entrenamiento y el rendimiento del aprendizaje inmersivo disfrutaron de un 8,16% más de tasa de finalización de ruta, una reducción del 12,37% en el tiempo de finalización de ruta y un 32,10% más de satisfacción de recorrido que las configuraciones de modelado de realidad pobres en geometría y puntos de referencia. La eficacia y la solidez se validaron estadísticamente. Conclusiones: Los niños con dificultades motrices entrenan y aprenden mejor en entornos virtuales 3D ricos en ortogonalidad, simetría y puntos de referencia característicos.
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La Educación Física ha demostrado ser una herramienta eficaz para desarrollar condiciones físicas y mentales en el ser humano. Sin embargo, aún las propuestas a favor de hacer realidad la educación inclusiva en estudiantes con trastorno del espectro autista no logra los niveles mundialmente esperados. Es por ello que en esta obra se plantea como objetivo diseñar un sistema de juegos inclusivos para el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en estudiantes con trastorno del espectro autista, en la clase de Educación Física. Para lograr este propósito se emplearon como métodos fundamentales del nivel empírico la encuesta, la prueba pedagógica y la observación. Los resultados del diagnóstico apuntan a un deficiente conocimiento por parte de los docentes de Educación Física sobre el tratamiento de los estudiantes con este trastorno, por lo que se procede a la tarea de elaborar un sistema de juegos para el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz que gradualmente los incorpore a la socialización en el grupo, y un sistema evaluativo pertinente donde se pudieron apreciar resultados superiores cuantitativa y cualitativamente.
A Educação Física tem se mostrado uma ferramenta eficaz para desenvolver as condições físicas e mentais do ser humano. No entanto, mesmo as propostas a favor de tornar a educação inclusiva uma realidade para alunos com perturbação do espectro do autismo não atingem os níveis globalmente esperados. Por isso o objetivo deste trabalho é desenhar um sistema de jogos inclusivos para o desenvolvimento da coordenação motora em alunos com transtorno do espectro do autismo, na aula de Educação Física. Para atingir este propósito, o inquérito, o teste pedagógico e a observação foram utilizados como métodos fundamentais a nível empírico. Os resultados do diagnóstico apontam para pouco conhecimento por parte dos professores de Educação Física sobre o tratamento dos alunos com esse transtorno, por isso passam à tarefa de desenvolver um sistema de jogos para o desenvolvimento da coordenação motora que os incorpore gradativamente à socialização em o grupo, e um sistema avaliativo pertinente onde resultados superiores pudessem ser vistos quantitativa e qualitativamente.
Physical Education has proven to be an effective tool to develop physical and mental conditions in human beings. However, even the proposals in favor of making inclusive education a reality for students with autism spectrum disorder do not achieve the globally expected levels. That is why, the objective of this work is to design a system of inclusive games for the development of motor coordination in students with autism spectrum disorder, in the Physical Education class. To achieve this purpose, the survey, the pedagogical test and observation were used as fundamental methods at the empirical level. The results of the diagnosis point to poor knowledge on the part of Physical Education teachers about the treatment of students with this disorder, so it is proceed to the task of developing a system of games for the development of motor coordination that gradually incorporated them into socialization in the group, and a pertinent evaluative system where superior results could be seen quantitatively and qualitatively.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of Modified Vector Coding in assessing the coordination and coordination variability of the lower limbs and pelvis during running and to determine the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC). Twenty-five healthy runners participated in a biomechanical analysis of treadmill running using a motion capture system. Modified vector coding was applied to assess the three-dimensional coordination among various pelvis and lower limb segmental couplings. Reliability was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), MDC, and Bland-Altman analysis to ascertain measurement consistency, agreement, and the smallest clinically meaningful change that exceeds measurement error. The test-retest reliability for 33 of 42 segmental couplings analyzed was good to excellent, with ICC values ranging from 0.613 to 0.928 (p <0.05), which substantiates the robustness of modified vector coding in running biomechanics. However, nine couplings, particularly femur-tibia in the sagittal plane during midstance and foot in the frontal plane-tibia in the transverse plane during late stance, exhibited poor to moderate reliability. These findings underscore the need for cautious interpretation due to significant proportional bias (p <0.05). SEM and MDC provided insights into the precision and minimal clinically significant changes for each coupling. The findings confirm the reliability of modified vector coding for biomechanical analysis in running, with most couplings demonstrating consistent high reliability. Nevertheless, specific couplings should be interpreted with caution due to potential measurement errors. The application of MDC highlights the precision of modified vector coding in biomechanical analyses and emphasizes the importance of careful interpretation to improve clinical and research outcomes in running-related injuries.
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Extremidade Inferior , Pelve , Corrida , Humanos , Corrida/fisiologia , Masculino , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Pelve/fisiologia , Adulto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Drug resistance in infectious diseases developed by bacteria and fungi is an important issue since it is necessary to further develop novel compounds with biological activity that counteract this problem. In addition, new pharmaceutical compounds with lower secondary effects to treat cancer are needed. Coordination compounds appear to be accessible and promising alternatives aiming to overcome these problems. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on coordination compounds based on nitrobenzoic acid (NBA) as a ligand, its derivatives, and other nitro-containing ligands, which are widely employed owing to their versatility. Additionally, an analysis of crystallographic data is presented, unraveling the coordination preferences and the most effective crystallization methods to grow crystals of good quality. This underscores the significance of elucidating crystalline structures and utilizing computational calculations to deepen the comprehension of the electronic properties of coordination complexes.
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Complexos de Coordenação , Ligantes , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Nitrobenzoatos/química , Nitrobenzoatos/farmacologia , Humanos , Cristalografia por Raios X/métodos , Nitrocompostos/química , Nitrocompostos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The use of acetic acid (HOAc) in a reaction between CuCl2·2H2O and secnid-azole, an active pharmaceutical ingredient useful in the treatment against a variety of anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, affords the title complex, [CuCl2(C7H11N3O3)2]. This compound was previously synthesized using ethanol as solvent, although its crystal structure was not reported [Betanzos-Lara et al. (2013 â¸). Inorg. Chim. Acta, 397, 94-100]. In the mol-ecular complex, the Cu2+ cation is situated at an inversion centre and displays a square-planar coordination environment. There is a hydrogen-bonded framework based on inter-molecular O-Hâ¯Cl inter-actions, characterized by Hâ¯Cl separations of 2.28â (4)â Å and O-Hâ¯Cl angles of 175â (3)°. The resulting supra-molecular network is based on R2 2 (18) ring motifs, forming chains in the [010] direction.
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The title complex, [Cu(C8H18NO5)Cl] or [Cu(H4bis-tris-)Cl], was obtained starting from the previously reported [Cu(H5bis-tris-)Cl]Cl compound. The deprotonation of the amino-polyol ligand H5bis-tris {[bis-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)methane, C8H19NO5} promotes the formation of a very strong O-Hâ¯O inter-molecular hydrogen bond, characterized by an Hâ¯O separation of 1.553â (19)â Å and an O-Hâ¯O angle of 178â (4)°. The remaining hy-droxy groups are also engaged in hydrogen bonds, forming R 2 2(8), R 4 4(16), R 4 4(20) and R 4 4(22) ring motifs, which stabilize the triperiodic supra-molecular network.
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Candida species undeniably rank as the most prevalent opportunistic human fungal pathogens worldwide, with Candida albicans as the predominant representative. However, the emergence of non-albicans Candida species (NACs) has marked a significant shift, accompanied by rising incidence rates and concerning trends of antifungal resistance. The search for new strategies to combat antifungal-resistant Candida strains is of paramount importance. Recently, our research group reported the anti-Candida activity of a coordination compound containing copper(II) complexed with theophylline (theo) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), known as "CTP" - Cu(theo)2phen(H2O).5H2O. In the present work, we investigated the mechanisms of action of CTP against six medically relevant, antifungal-resistant NACs, including C. auris, C. glabrata, C. haemulonii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. CTP demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting mitochondrial dehydrogenases, leading to heightened intracellular reactive oxygen species production. CTP treatment resulted in substantial damage to the plasma membrane, as evidenced by the passive incorporation of propidium iodide, and induced DNA fragmentation as revealed by the TUNEL assay. Scanning electron microscopy images of post-CTP treatment NACs further illustrated profound alterations in the fungal surface morphology, including invaginations, cavitations and lysis. These surface modifications significantly impacted the ability of Candida cells to adhere to a polystyrene surface and to form robust biofilm structures. Moreover, CTP was effective in disassembling mature biofilms formed by these NACs. In conclusion, CTP represents a promising avenue for the development of novel antifungals with innovative mechanisms of action against clinically relevant NACs that are resistant to antifungals commonly used in clinical settings.
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Antifúngicos , Candida , Complexos de Coordenação , Cobre , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenantrolinas , Teofilina , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/síntese química , Fenantrolinas/farmacologia , Fenantrolinas/química , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Teofilina/farmacologia , Teofilina/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMO
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inappropriate levels of activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a condition involving challenges in acquiring and executing motor skills. This cross-sectional study aimed to distinguish motor symptoms between ADHD and ADHD/DCD. A total of 283 children from two elementary schools underwent screening, leading to the identification of 27 children with ADHD. The assessment encompassed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV Questionnaire (SNAP-IV), the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), and the Motor Development Scale (MDS). The groups consisted of ADHD (14) and ADHD/DCD (13). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in general motor age means between groups (p = 0.016), indicating inferior performance in the ADHD/DCD group. The coexistence of DCD significantly influenced the motor performance of children with ADHD, particularly in fine motor skills (p = 0.018) and balance (p = 0.033). Both groups exhibited mild to moderate risk of motor development delay. It is suggested that ADHD is associated with motor problems, even when DCD is not co-occurring. Specific domain-based analysis could demonstrate how the co-occurrence with DCD affects the motor performance of children with ADHD, with statistically significant differences observed in fine motor skills and balance.
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Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras , Destreza Motora , Humanos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/fisiopatologia , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/diagnóstico , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologiaRESUMO
The global presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water sources represents a burgeoning public health concern. Recent studies underscore the urgency of addressing this class of emerging contaminants. In this context, our work focuses on synthesizing a composite material, FexOy/MAF-32, through a streamlined one-pot reaction process, as an adsorbent for diclofenac, an emerging environmental contaminant frequently found in freshwater environments and linked to potential toxicity towards several organisms such as fish and mussels. A thorough characterization was performed to elucidate the structural composition of the composite. The material presents magnetic properties attributed to its superparamagnetic behavior, which facilitates the recovery efficiency of the composite post-diclofenac adsorption. Our study further involves a comparative analysis between the FexOy/MAF-32 and a non-magnetic counterpart, comprised solely of 2-ethylimidazolate zinc polymer. This comparison aims to discern the relative advantages and disadvantages of incorporating magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the contaminant removal process facilitated by a coordination polymer. Our findings reveal that even a minimal incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles substantially enhanced the composite's overall performance in pollutant adsorption.
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The synthesis and structural characterization of three families of coordination complexes synthesized from 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (8, Ph-TPY), 4'-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (9, ClPh-TPY) and 4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (10, MeOPh-TPY) ligands with the divalent metals Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ are reported. The compounds were synthesized from a 1:2 mixture of the metal and ligand, resulting in a series of complexes with the general formula [M(R-TPY)2](ClO4)2 (where M = Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+, and R-TPY = Ph-TPY, ClPh-TPY and MeOPh-TPY). The general formula and structural and supramolecular features were determinated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for bis(4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)nickel(II) bis(perchlorate), [Ni(C21H15N3)2](ClO4)2 or [Ni(Ph-TPY)2](ClO4)2, bis[4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]manganese(II) bis(perchlorate), [Mn(C22H17N3O)2](ClO4)2 or [Mn(MeOPh-TPY)2](ClO4)2, and bis(4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)manganese(II) bis(perchlorate), [Mn(C21H15N3)2](ClO4)2 or [Mn(Ph-TPY)2](ClO4)2. In all three cases, the complexes present distorted octahedral coordination polyhedra and the crystal packing is determined mainly by weak C-H...π interactions. All the compounds (except for the Ni derivatives, for which FT-IR, UV-Vis and thermal analysis are reported) were fully characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy) and thermal (TGA-DSC, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry) methods.
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This study aimed to review the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in individuals born preterm and systematically explore this prevalence according to gestational age and different assessment cut-offs and compare it to full-term peers. The eligibility criteria were observational and experimental studies reporting the prevalence of DCD in preterm individuals. A systematic search was performed in databases from inception until March 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the selection. Study quality assessment was performed using the checklists from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Data analysis was performed on Excel and Review Manager Software 5.4. Among the 1774 studies identified, 32 matched the eligibility criteria. The pooled estimate rate of the DCD rate in preterm was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.8-24.3). The estimate rates were higher as gestational age decreased, and preterm children are two times more likely to have DCD than their full-term peers risk ratio (RR) 2.2 (95% CI 1.77-2.79). The limitation was high heterogeneity between studies; the assessment tools, cut-off points and age at assessment were diverse. This study provided evidence that preterm children are at higher risk for DCD than full-term children, and the risks increased as gestational age decreased.
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Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras , Humanos , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/epidemiologia , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/diagnóstico , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Idade GestacionalRESUMO
This study estimated the contribution of the midfoot joint complex (MJC) kinematics to the pelvis anterior-posterior positions during the stance phase of walking and investigated whether the MJC is functionally coordinated with the lower limb joints to maintain similar pelvic positions across steps. Hip, knee, ankle, and MJC sagittal angles were measured in 11 nondisabled participants during walking. The joints' contributions to pelvic positions were computed through equations derived from a link-segment model. Functional coordination across steps was identified when the MJC contribution to pelvic position varied and the summed contributions of other joints varied in the opposite direction (strong negative covariations [r ≤ -.7] in stance phase instants). We observed that the MJC plantarflexion (arch raising) during the midstance and late stance leads the pelvis backward, avoiding excessive forward displacement. The MJC was the second joint that contributed most to the pelvis positions (around 18% of all joints' contributions), after the ankle joint. The MJC and ankle were the joints that were most frequently coordinated with the other joints (â 70% of the stance phase duration). The findings suggest that the MJC is part of the kinematic chain that determines pelvis positions during walking and is functionally coordinated with the lower limb joints.
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Caminhada , Humanos , Masculino , Caminhada/fisiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Adulto , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Articulação do Tornozelo/fisiologia , Articulações do Pé/fisiologia , Pé/fisiologia , Pelve/fisiologia , Articulação do Quadril/fisiologiaRESUMO
Purpose: The objective of this research was to develop a musical digital game for rehabilitation of upper limb and to verify its usability and user experience with professionals in the field (physical therapists). Materials and Methods: Thirty working professionals were recruited to evaluate the system. The usability was evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the user experience was verified with the Game Flow scale. Results: The overall score of the SUS scale was 88.67 (±9.129); this score is interpreted as "Best Imaginable" (86-100). The user experience rating had most of its domains equal or higher than 4, which indicates that all the requirements for a good user experience were present in the game. Conclusions: The Moniz Game proved to be a game with good usability and can be a tool for application in clinical practice regarding motor coordination. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of the Moniz Game on motor coordination in patients with neurological dysfunctions.
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Música , Jogos de Vídeo , Humanos , Jogos de Vídeo/psicologia , Jogos de Vídeo/normas , Jogos de Vídeo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Música/psicologia , Interface Usuário-Computador , Extremidade Superior/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Destreza Motora/fisiologiaRESUMO
There are numerous studies comparing young and old adults in terms of muscle coordination in standard tasks (e.g., walking, reaching) and small variations of them. These tasks might hide differences: individuals would converge to similar behavior as they practice these throughout life. Also, we are unaware of studies that considered the muscle recruitment nested dynamics. For this reason, our study evaluated how young and old women coordinate and control the movement system while performing an unusual redundant motor control task through the network physiology approach. We acquired electromyographic signals from nine leg muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (knee extension and flexion) and co-contraction bouts. Our results showed that young participants presented higher peak torque output, with similar EMG variability, compared to older participants. Considering firing rate frequencies, old and young women demonstrated different traits for network clustering and efficiency for the task. Age seems to affect muscle coordination at higher frequencies, even with a similar number of muscle synergies, indicating that younger women might have more integrated synergies than older women. The findings also point to differential muscle coordination adaptability.
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Eletromiografia , Contração Isométrica , Músculo Esquelético , Recrutamento Neurofisiológico , Humanos , Feminino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Adulto , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Recrutamento Neurofisiológico/fisiologia , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Perna (Membro)/fisiologia , TorqueRESUMO
Acanthamoeba spp. emerged as a clinically important pathogen related to amoebic keratitis. It is among the main causes of corneal transplantation and vision loss in ophthalmology. The treatment protocols have a low cure rate, high toxicity, and need for drug combination. Transition metal compounds have shown promising antiprotozoal effects. This study evaluates the amoebicidal activity of copper(II) coordination compounds in combination with chlorhexidine and the cytotoxicity to topical ocular application. These copper(II) coordination compounds were screened against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites (ATCC 50492). The cytotoxicity on rabbit corneal cell line (ATCC-CCL 60) was performed. The compounds showed high amoebicidal potential, with inhibition of trophozoite viability above 80%. The Cp12 and Cp13 compounds showed Minimal Inhibitory Amoebicidal Concentration (MIAC) at 200 µM and mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values lower than 10 µM. Against the cysts, Cp12 showed a reduction in viability (48%) in the longest incubation period. A synergistic effect for Cp12 with chlorhexidine was observed. The compounds have a dose-dependent effect against rabbit corneal cells. Compound Cp12 has potential for future application in developing ophthalmic formulations against Acanthamoeba keratitis and its use in multipurpose solutions is highlighted.
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Acanthamoeba castellanii , Amebicidas , Cobre , Animais , Coelhos , Cobre/farmacologia , Cobre/química , Amebicidas/farmacologia , Amebicidas/química , Acanthamoeba castellanii/efeitos dos fármacos , Acanthamoeba castellanii/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/química , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Clorexidina/química , Ceratite por Acanthamoeba/tratamento farmacológico , Ceratite por Acanthamoeba/parasitologia , Córnea/efeitos dos fármacos , Córnea/parasitologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Acanthamoeba/efeitos dos fármacos , Trofozoítos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Most diseases that affect human beings across the world are now treated with drugs of organic origin. However, some of these are associated with side effects, toxicity, and resistance phenomena. For the treatment of many illnesses, the development of new molecules with pharmacological potential is now an urgent matter. The biological activities of metal complexes have been reported to have antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and antiparasitic effects, amongst others. Metal complexes are effective because they possess unique properties. For example, the complex entity possesses the effective biological activity, then the formation of coordination bonds between the metal ions and ligands is controlled, metal ions provide it with extraordinary mechanisms of action because of characteristics such as d-orbitals, oxidation states, and specific orientations; metal complexes also exhibit good stability and good physicochemical properties such as water solubility. Platinum is a transition metal widely used in the design of drugs with antineoplastic activities; however, platinum is associated with side effects which have made it necessary to search for, and design, novel complexes based on other metals. Copper is a biometal which is found in living systems; it is now used in the design of metal complexes with biological activities that have demonstrated antitumoral, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, amongst others. In this review, we consider the open horizons of Cu(II)- and Pt(II)-based complexes, new trends in their design, their synthesis, their biological activities and their targets of action.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Humanos , Cobre/química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Platina/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Íons , Anti-Inflamatórios , LigantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in performing motor tasks. Research suggests social skills are also altered. OBJECTIVE: To investigate (1) whether the presence of DCD affects social responsiveness, (2) whether the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects social responsiveness in children with DCD, and (3) whether there is an association between motor performance and social responsiveness in children with DCD. METHODS: Based on parental reports, children aged 5 to 15.5 years were assigned to one of three groups: DCD only (noASD, n = 67), DCD and suspected ASD (sASD, n = 13), and DCD and confirmed ASD (cASD, n = 22). Parental answers to the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the DCD-Questionnaire (DCD-Q) were compared to norm values using one sample t-tests, and between groups using ANOVA and MANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients explored the relationship between the SRS-2 and DCD-Q in the total group and per group. RESULTS: Compared to norm values, difficulties in all areas of social responsiveness were reported in children with DCD, regardless of group (p<0.001). Compared to the noASD group, more unfavorable SRS-2 total T-scores and poorer DCD-Q scores were observed in sASD and cASD groups. Only in the total group, motor performance showed significant weak to moderate associations with the SRS-2 total T-score and all subscales except for 'social motivation' (r=-0.306 to -0.405; p ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSION: Social responsiveness difficulties are more common in children with DCD and are more severe in the ASD groups. Motor performance and social responsiveness are weak to moderately associated. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05092893 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05092893).
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Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras , Criança , Humanos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pré-Escolar , AdolescenteRESUMO
Background: New chemotherapeutics are urgently required to treat Candida infections caused by drug-resistant strains. Methods: The effects of 16 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)/1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione/dicarboxylate complexed with Mn(II), Cu(II) and Ag(I) were evaluated against ten different Candida species. Results: Proliferation of Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida famata, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis was inhibited by three of six Cu(II) (MICs 1.52-21.55 µM), three of three Ag(I) (MICs 0.11-12.74 µM) and seven of seven Mn(II) (MICs 0.40-38.06 µM) complexes. Among these [Mn2(oda)(phen)4(H2O)2][Mn2(oda)(phen)4(oda)2].4H2O, where oda = octanedioic acid, exhibited effective growth inhibition (MICs 0.4-3.25 µM), favorable activity indexes, low toxicity against Vero cells and good/excellent selectivity indexes (46.88-375). Conclusion: [Mn2(oda)(phen)4(H2O)2][Mn2(oda)(phen)4(oda)2].4H2O represents a promising chemotherapeutic option for emerging, medically relevant and drug-resistant Candida species.
Candida species are widespread fungi that can cause a variety of infections in humans, and some of them exhibit resistance profile to existing antifungal drugs. Consequently, it is imperative to discover novel treatments for these clinically relevant human infections. Complexes are chemical compounds containing metal ion components that are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, including antifungal activity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 16 novel complexes against ten medically relevant Candida species, including some strains resistant to commonly used clinical antifungals. Our findings revealed that all complexes containing manganese and silver metals effectively inhibited the growth of all Candida species tested, albeit to varying extents. Some of these complexes exhibited superior antifungal activity and lower toxicity to mammalian cells compared to traditional antifungals, such as fluconazole. In conclusion, these new complexes hold promise as a potential novel approach for treating fungal infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant Candida strains.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Cobre , Fenantrolinas , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cobre/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Prata/farmacologia , Manganês/farmacologia , Células Vero , Candida , Candida albicans , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Farmacorresistência FúngicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: In the natural environment, humans must continuously negotiate irregular and unpredictable terrain. Recently, the poles have been extensively used during trial running events. However, we know little about how humans adjust posture and bilateral coordination to use poles in irregular terrain. Here, we compared kinematics, bilateral coordination and perceptual responses between regular (compact dust) and irregular terrain (medium-length grass) during running at preferred speed with and without poles. METHODS: In this transversal observational study, thirteen young healthy adults (8 men; mean ± SD; age 29.1 ± 8.0 years, body mass 76.8 ± 11.4 kg; height 1.75 ± 0.08 m) were evaluated during running at a self-selected comfortable speed with and without poles on regular and irregular terrains. RESULTS: Our results show that, despite more flexed pattern on lower-limb joints at irregular terrain, the usage of poles was not enough to re-stabilize the bilateral coordination. Also, the perceived exertion was impaired adding poles to running, probably due to more complex movement pattern using poles in comparison to free running, and the invariance in the bilateral coordination. CONCLUSION: Besides the invariability of usage poles on bilateral coordination and lower-limb kinematics, the runners seem to prioritize postural stability over lower limb stiffness when running in medium-length grass given the larger range of ankle and knee motion observed in irregular terrain. Further investigations at rougher/hilly terrains will likely provide additional insights into the neuromotor control strategies used to maintain the stability and on perceptual responses using poles during running.
Assuntos
Equilíbrio Postural , Corrida , Humanos , Masculino , Corrida/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologiaRESUMO
Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly toxic substance present in many matrices, including freshwater as well as found in natural mechanisms such as rainfall and combustion of organic matter. Consumption of water contaminated with high levels of FA can cause severe short-term or long-term health problems. Due to these health risks, procedures are necessary to determine and quantify FA in aqua sources This paper reports on a study of fluorimetric determination of FA using a nickel(2 + )-diketonate coordination compound immobilized as a solid precursor. The compound was characterized by electronic absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), optical microscopy (OM), and scanner electron microscopy (SEM). The methodology was based on the reaction of the synthesized compound with an ammoniacal buffer generating a selective reagent for formaldehyde: fluoral-P. The product of the reaction generates 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), which is responsible for the fluorescence of the system. Several parameters such as temperature, duration of heating time, and dilution effect with the best effects were studied to carry out FA determination. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear response ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L FA (R = 0.997 and n = 10), and a detection (3σ criterion) and quantification (10 σ criterion) limit estimated at 0.129 and 0.389 mg/L, respectively were achieved. The FA analysis was able to be conducted in 05 min with a relative standard deviation estimated at 1.10 %.