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Background: In Brazil, where approximately 48.7 million women are of reproductive age, understanding contraceptive practices is essential for addressing public health challenges. This study evaluated into the knowledge, usage, and perceptions of contraceptive methods among Brazilian women, highlighting the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on their choices. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 2000 Brazilian women aged 18-49 years. The questionnaire collected detailed information on their awareness, preferences, and utilization of various contraceptive methods, alongside demographic and socioeconomic data. Results: Oral contraceptives, condoms, injectables, and intrauterine devices (IUDs) were the most recognized methods. Younger women demonstrated greater awareness of modern methods. Socioeconomic disparities were evident, with lower-income women displaying limited knowledge about condoms and IUDs but a higher usage for injectable contraceptives. Oral contraceptives were the most used method, with higher use in the South, and lower in the Central-West and Northeast regions. Satisfaction with current contraceptive methods was high (87.5%), closely associated with personal responsibility in method choice. Although the majority self-financed their contraceptives (63.1%), a significant portion of lower-income women (27.7%) relied on public health care. Physicians' recommendations predominantly influenced contraceptive choice (53.9%), with younger women also guided by other influences. Conclusions: Persistent disparities in contraceptive awareness and access highlight the need for educational initiatives and policy interventions. Health care providers play a vital role in facilitating informed contraceptive choices, enhancing the chances of satisfaction with the method.

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OBJECTIVE: To explore factors related to the use of contraceptive methods in young Chilean women with higher education. METHODS: Using the 9th Chilean National Youth Survey, multinomial models were conducted to predict contraceptive methods used during the last intercourse among sexually initiated female college students aged 17-29 years who had already completed high school (n = 1828). RESULTS: The results indicate that using contraceptive methods at onset sexual activity was positively associated with the use of all contraceptive methods (relative risk ratio [RRR]immediate = 3.97, RRRdaily = 2.95, RRRlong-term = 1.82, P < 0.05). Having a previous unintended pregnancy increased the odds of using long-term contraceptive methods (RRR = 2.13, P < 0.05). Increased age of sexual initiation was associated with increased odds of using immediate contraception methods (RRRadolescence = 2.57, RRRyoung adulthood = 3.75, P < 0.05). Substance use was not associated with contraception methods used. Medium socioeconomic status, compared with high, decreased the odds of using immediate and daily contraceptive methods (RRR = 0.26, P < 0.05 for both). Low socioeconomic status was associated with decreased odds of using daily contraception (RRR = 0.39, P < 0.05). Finally, incomplete (RRR = 2.21, P < 0.05) or complete (RRR = 2.38, P < 0.05) professional education increased the odds of immediate contraceptive methods. CONCLUSIONS: To generate family planning policies aimed at university students, individual factors related to sexual behavior should be addressed in accordance with the local reality and with a gender focus.

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Teenage fertility is a social problem because of its private and public costs in countries of different development levels. Reductions in adolescent birth rates do not necessarily follow drops in overall fertility due to the demographic transition model. This paper analyses the impact of a subdermal contraceptive program on repeat teenage motherhood. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the intervention reduced mothers' likelihood of having another child in the next 48 months by 10 percentage points. This reduction is not random, and we also identify small positive selection in subsequent births.

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Introducción : En el Perú, el 78,1% de mujeres, entre 15 a 49 años, utilizan un método anticonceptivo, lo cual se ve mermado por diversos factores asociados a su no adherencia; ello ha generado embarazos no deseados y contagio de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Objetivo : Determinar los factores asociados a la no adherencia de métodos anticonceptivos en mujeres en edad fértil en el Perú, según la ENDES 2021. Métodos : Estudio de tipo observacional, analítico y transversal. La información utilizada se encuentra en la base de datos pública de la ENDES 2021. La población está constituida por peruanas de 15 a 49 años. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 26.0. Las variables cualitativas fueron representadas en una tabla univariada con frecuencias y coeficientes de variación. El valor de significancia estadística aprobado fue de confianza al 95%. Resultados : El 43,7% de mujeres no tuvieron adherencia al método anticonceptivo. Hubo asociación significativa para las variables: área de residencia rural (RPa 1,05, IC 1 - 1,1) , estado civil separada (RPa 1,1, IC 1 - 1,1) , estado civil viuda (RPa 1,3, IC 1,1 - 1,5), estado civil conviviente (RPa 1,1, IC 1,1 - 1,2), índice de riqueza pobre(RPa 1,03, IC 0,9 - 1,0). Conclusiones : Los factores asociados a la no adherencia de métodos anticonceptivos en mujeres de edad fértil en el Perú, los cuales se asocian de manera significativa son: el área de residencia rural, el estado civil separada, viuda y conviviente y poseer un índice de riqueza pobre.

Introduction: In Peru, 78.1% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 use a contraceptive method, which is diminished by various factors associated with non-adherence to the contraceptive method, thus producing unwanted pregnancies and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Objective: To determine the factors associated with non-adherence to contraceptive methods in women of childbearing age in Peru according to ENDES 2021. Methods: Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. The information used is found in the ENDES 2021 public database. The population of this research is made up of peruvian women between the ages of 15 and 49. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical program SPSS version 26.0. The qualitative variables were represented in a univariate table with frequencies and coefficients of variation. The approved statistical significance value was p <0.05 with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 43.7% of women did not adhere to the contraceptive method. There was a significant association for the variables: area of rural residence (RPa 1.05 IC 1 - 1.1), separated marital status (RPa 1.1, IC 1 - 1.1), widow marital status (RPa 1.3, IC 1.1 - 1.5), cohabiting marital status (RPa 1.1, IC 1.1 - 1.2) , poor wealth index (RPa 1.03, IC 0.9 - 1.0) Conclusions: The factors associated with non-adherence to contraceptive methods in women of childbearing age in Peru, which are significantly associated are: rural area of residence, separate marital status, widow and cohabitant and have a poor wealth index.

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BACKGROUND: The use of contraceptive methods in Peru has remarkably increased in recent decades. Nevertheless, despite the completeness and accessibility of family planning methods, modern contraceptive methods utilization in Peru remains below the South American average. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the factors associated with modern contraceptive use, as well as the presence of inequalities and the spatial distribution in Peruvian women aged 15-49 years in 2019. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from the 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. We performed descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and Poisson multiple regression. Inequalities were estimated through concentration curves and Erreygers' normalized concentration index. Spatial analysis included choropleth map, Global Moran's I, Kriging interpolation and Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic. RESULTS: The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 39.3% among Peruvian women of reproductive age. Modern contraceptive use was directly associated with youth (aPR 1.39), women having their first sexual intercourse before the age of 18 (aPR 1.41), and being married but not together (aPR 1.87). In addition, speaking Quechua or Aymara (aPR 0.87) and having no children (aPR 0.59) were inversely associated with utilization of modern contraceptives. We found the presence of inequalities in the use of contraceptive methods (pro-rich distribution), although the magnitude was low. Spatial analysis unveiled the presence of a clustered distribution pattern (Moran's Index = 0,009); however, there was inter-departmental and intra-departmental heterogeneity in the predicted prevalence of the use of modern contraceptives. In addition, significant hot and cold spots were found in Peru. CONCLUSION: Two out of five Peruvian women of reproductive age used modern contraceptives. It was associated with younger women's age, younger age at first sexual intercourse, being married or cohabitant, among others. No substantial inequality was found in modern contraceptive use. The prevalence was heterogeneous at the intra- and inter-departmental level. Those departments located in the south, south-east, and north-east had the lowest prevalence. Therefore, nonfinancial barriers must be tackled through multi- and cross-sectoral efforts and continue to universally provide modern contraceptives.

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An important gap in the literature is the analysis of the role of effective knowledge concerning use of contraceptive methods in the intergenerational reproduction of adolescent pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from the 2014 Mexico National Survey of Demographic Dynamics, we conducted a retrospective cohort and complete case analysis of women aged ≤ 19 years cohabitating with their mothers and who self-reported having had sexual intercourse at the moment of the survey (n = 5143). We estimated instrumental variable probit models (IV-probit) to assess the association between effective knowledge concerning the use of contraceptive methods and adolescent pregnancy. We stratified our models according to parental history of adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy prevalence in our sample was 58.7%. The IV-probit model showed that mothers with a history of adolescent pregnancy were 12.1 percentage points more likely to have daughters who experience adolescent pregnancy. In addition, daughters with effective knowledge concerning the use of contraceptive methods were 1.3 percentage points less likely to experience an adolescent pregnancy. Our findings carry relevant implications for policies seeking to reduce adolescent pregnancy. They highlight the need for policies and programs that tackle the intergenerational transmission of sexual and reproductive behaviors by increasing the information available to adolescents and enhancing their effective knowledge about the use of contraceptive methods. Identifying population groups at higher risk of adolescent pregnancy can contribute to the design of successful reproductive health policies in Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries.

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BACKGROUND: Our objectives were to determine the knowledge and interest in apps for natural contraception among women and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBGYN) residents. STUDY DESIGN: An online survey was sent to Brazilian women to gather sociodemographic data, knowledge and interest towards fertility-awareness contraceptive methods and smartphone apps for this purpose. Also, we sent an online survey to OBGYN residents to evaluate the reproductive physiology knowledge of natural contraception and interest in improving it and knowledge and smartphone apps for this purpose. RESULTS: A total of 730 women answered the survey, and 638 were included in the study and 94 OBGYN residents answered the survey. Among the respondent women 386 (60.5%) were interested in more information about natural contraception, 226 (35.5%) showed interest in use natural contraception, 85 (13.3%) indicated that they were users of natural contraception, 15 (16.8%) of this group currently uses an app for this purpose and 485 (76%) considers a practical option to have an app for natural contraception. Regarding the respondent residents all answers were included in the study; 62 (65.9%) knew the right definition of 'Natural Contraception', 52 (55.3%) showed interest in information about this topic and 78 (82.9%) considers a practical option to have an app for natural contraception. CONCLUSIONS: Less than 15% of the respondent women use natural contraception although about 60% expressed some interest in learning more, and that among OBGYN residents, half showed interest.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sales of modern contraceptive methods in Brazil. METHODS: Monthly sales data were analysed of short-acting reversible contraceptive methods and long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods (implants and intrauterine contraception) and COVID-19 related deaths. Contraceptive methods were grouped as follows: emergency contraception (EC); oral contraception, vaginal rings and transdermal patches; injectable contraception; LARC methods including the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD); and LARC methods excluding the Cu-IUD. RESULTS: Contraceptive sales showed a non-significant increase in 2020 compared with the previous year; average sales ranged from 12.8 to 13.0 million units per month. Sales of injectable contraceptives increased between March and June 2020 and EC pills between June and July 2020; the variation in sales of pills, patches and rings was not significant. Sales of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and the etonogestrel (ENG) implant showed three patterns: a decrease in sales between February and May 2020 (coinciding with the closure of family planning services), an increase in sales after May 2020 (coinciding with the first COVID-19-related deaths), and a further increase in sales after July 2020 (corresponding to the increasing number of deaths from COVID-19). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the Brazilian health care system. Since many family planning clinics were closed, sales of most modern contraceptives fell during 2020; however, the increase in sales of the LNG-IUS and ENG implant in the private sector indicates inequitable access to modern contraceptive methods.

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Objetivo: Investigar o conhecimento das adolescentes atendidas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia sobre os métodos contraceptivos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo de corte transversal com adolescentes do sexo feminino, acompanhadas no Serviço de Ginecologia. A seleção foi por ordem de chegada mediante agendamento prévio. Após consulta médica, foi aplicado um questionário anônimo e estruturado sobre: características sociodemográficas; antecedentes ginecológicos; conhecimento do uso correto e indicação dos métodos contraceptivos. As variáveis foram analisadas pela estatística descritiva com medidas de tendência central e variabilidade. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: A população estudada foi composta por adolescentes com média de idade de 15,80 anos (+/- 1,3), 48,0% de etnia/cor parda, 84,0% frequentavam a escola pública e 56,0% cursavam o ensino médio. A maioria possuía conhecimento insuficiente/ausência de conhecimento e 80,0% tinham informações sobre contracepção que não envolveu a participação de um profissional de saúde, apesar de eles indicarem o uso dos métodos para a maioria dessas jovens (75,0%). A combinação do preservativo masculino e anticoncepcional oral foi referida em 25,0% das adolescentes. Conclusão: A maioria das adolescentes possuía conhecimento insuficiente/ausente sobre métodos contraceptivos, o que parece contribuir para o uso inconsistente deles. A maior prevalência do uso do preservativo masculino e do anticoncepcional oral associada à baixa participação dos profissionais de saúde como fonte de informação para o uso correto dos métodos ratifica a necessidade de políticas públicas sobre educação sexual para que as adolescentes exerçam sua sexualidade com responsabilidade e segurança.(AU)

Objective: Evaluate the knowledge of adolescents seen in the Gynecology Outpatient Clinic for Children and Youth. Methods: A quantitative transverse study was carried out with thems, regularly seen at the Gynecology Outpatient Clinic for Children and Youth. We selected participants by arrival order. After having their appointment done, we applied an anonymous and structured questionnaire containing questions regarding sociodemographics characteristics, past gynaecological history and knowledge, correct use and indications of contraceptives methods. Those variables were analysed using descriptive statistics such as central tendency and variability. The research was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee. Results: The population studied was composed of adolescents with an average age of 15.8 years (+/- 1.3), 48.0% of ethnicity/brown colour, 84.0% attended public school and 56.0% were in high school. Most of them had insufficient knowledge/lack of knowledge and 80.0% had information about contraception that did not involve the participation of a health professional, however health professionals had suggested a method of contraception for most of these young women (75.0%). The combination of male condoms and oral contraceptives were reported by 25.0% of adolescents. Conclusion: That most of the adolescents had insufficient/absent knowledge about contraceptive methods which seems to contribute to their inconsistent use. The high prevalence of the use of male condoms and oral contraceptives found in this study and low participation of health professionals as a source of information for the correct use of methods ratify the need for public policies on sex education for adolescents enjoy their sexuality responsibly and safely.(AU)

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La creciente incidencia de cáncer de mama (CM) en mujeres jóvenes nos obliga a repensar la forma en como asesoramos sobre el método anticonceptivo (MAC) en estas mujeres, cuya fertilidad puede ser variablemente afectada por los tratamientos. Se les aconseja, post tratamiento, evitar la gestación temporalmente, sin embargo se observa un patrón de uso insuficiente de MAC con elección de métodos anticonceptivos poco efectivos. El objetivo de la presente revisión es indagar en al necesidad anticonceptiva de mujeres jóvenes con cáncer de mama evaluando la evidencia científica sobre qué métodos anticonceptivos pueden o no utilizar, analizando especialmente el rol del sistema intrauterino liberado de levonorgestrel y la salpingectomía de la oportunidad como cirugía anticonceptiva con potencial reducción de riesgo de cáncer de ovario en pacientes con riesgos genético. Además se pretende brindar estrategias para evitar embarazos no planificados en este grupo de pacientes.

The increasing incidence of breast cancer (BC) in young women forces us to rethink the way in which we counsel on the contraceptive method (CM) in these women, whose fertility can be variably affected by the treatments. They are advised, post treatment, to avoid pregnancy temporarily, however a pattern of insufficient contraception use is observed with the choice on ineffective contraceptive need of young women with breast cancer, evaluating the scientific evidencially analyzing the role of the levonorgestrel-releasin intrautrien system and oppotunistic salpingectomy as a contaceptive surgery with potential ovarian cancer risk reduction in patients with genetic risk. Is is also intended to provide strategies to avoid unplanned pregnancies in this group of patients.

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Women need to receive accurate information on the proper use of contraceptive methods (CM). The objective of our analysis was to evaluate the quality of CM counseling in health institutions of the public sector using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique. We specifically analyzed whether health-service providers informed CM users of all the side effects they might experience, as specified under the Mexican health-care regulations. Our results demonstrated that, among the four CM analyzed -the intrauterine device, hormonal injection, condom and subdermal implant- only the users of the subdermal implant received complete information on side effects. Our findings thus indicate that the quality of family planning services in the institutions analyzed is deficient. We recommend that service providers be regularly trained in order to improve their performance and that LQAS methodology be adopted as an effective means of regularly monitoring the quality of health services in Mexico.

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RESUMEN Introducción: la sexualidad constituye una dimensión integral de las personas y está presente desde el momento de la concepción hasta la muerte. Objetivo: caracterizar la conducta sexual y reproductiva en adolescentes femeninas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 53 estudiantes femeninas, de 12 a 15 años de edad, en la secundaria básica "Paquito Rosales Benítez", Manzanillo, Granma, en el año 2017. Resultados: la edad media fue 1,15 años, el 67,93 % de las adolescentes mantenían relaciones sexuales con una edad media de la sexarquia de 13,53 años. La "atracción física" fue el principal motivo para el inicio de las relaciones sexuales. El 36,11 % de las adolescentes no utilizaban algún método anticonceptivo y las tabletas anticonceptivas fueron las más utilizadas. El 22,22 % de las féminas habían tenido, al menos, un embarazo. Conclusiones: las adolescentes de la secundaria básica "Paquito Rosales" mantiene una conducta sexual adecuada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: sexuality is an integral dimension of the persons that is present from the moment of conception until death. Objective: to characterize sexual and reproductive behavior in female teenagers. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 53 female students, aged 12 to 15 years, who study at "Paquito Rosales" Junior High School, Manzanillo, Granma, in 1917. Results: the average age was 1,15 years. 67.93 % of the female teenagers had sexual relationships for a first time at an average age of 13.53 %. Physical attraction was the main motive for the beginning of sexual relationships. 36.11 % of teenagers did not use any contraceptive method being birth-control pills the most used one. 22.22 % of the teenagers had had, at least, one pregnancy. Conclusions: female teenagers of "Paquito Rosales" Junior High School have an appropriate sexual behavior.

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Resumo Recentemente a Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia submeteu ao Ministério da Saúde uma solicitação para oferta no Sistema Único de Saúde de métodos contraceptivos reversíveis de longa duração (LARC), para jovens mulheres de 15 a 19 anos. Os dois dispositivos a serem incluídos seriam o implante subdérmico liberador de etonogestrel, com duração de três anos, e o sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel, com duração de cinco anos. O Ministério da Saúde abriu então consulta pública para avaliar tal introdução, terminando por decidir contrariamente à inclusão destes métodos na rede pública de saúde. O artigo discute as estratégias discursivas utilizadas para fundamentar e justificar a aceitação e aplicabilidade destes métodos em "populações especiais". O debate sobre o planejamento reprodutivo precisa compreender melhor as descontinuidades contraceptivas no uso de métodos, a centralidade da contracepção de emergência e o quanto as hierarquias de gênero dificultam uma prática contraceptiva segura. Ao contrário, a ênfase na (in)disciplina da mulher no tocante aos cuidados com a utilização de métodos contraceptivos de uso regular termina por reforçar sua condição de menoridade social.

Abstract Recently, the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations submitted a request to the Brazilian Ministry of Health for an introduction of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods for young women aged 15 to 19 years in the Brazilian Unified National Health System. The two devices to be included were the etonogestrel-releasing subdermal implant (ENG implant), with a duration of three years, and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), lasting five years. The Ministry of Health then launched a public inquiry to evaluate this introduction, deciding against the inclusion of these methods in the public health services. The article discusses the discursive strategies used to justify the acceptance and applicability of these methods in "special populations." The debate on family planning needs to understand fully the discontinuity of contraception in the use of such methods, the central concept of emergency contraception, and how gender hierarchies prejudice safe contraceptive practice. On the contrary, the emphasis on the (in)discipline of women regarding care with regular-use contraceptive methods effectively reinforces their condition of social minority.

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A lo largo de la historia las mujeres han sido las responsables de la reproducción biológica, han cargado mayormente con la responsabilidad de la anticoncepción (1); surge la necesidad de incorporar a hombres en salud reproductiva con métodos modernos, efectivos y reversibles, como la Píldora Anticonceptiva Oral Masculina, que se encuentra en fase II de investigación, y así participar activamente en la planificación familiar. OBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre el conocimiento e intención de uso de la Píldora Anticonceptiva Oral Masculina, en varones en edad fértil de una Universidad del Sur de Chile, durante segundo semestre del 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Investigación Cuantitativa, correlacional, no experimental y transversal, en 301 estudiantes regulares, se autoadministra instrumento: "Encuesta Anticonceptivos Orales en Varones en Edad Fértil", validado por medio de comité de expertos, con Coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach de 0,81. RESULTADOS: Respecto al nivel de conocimiento acerca de la Píldora, sólo un 16% tuvo un puntaje mayor o igual a 17 puntos considerándose como alto conocimiento. Respecto de intención de uso, un 58% de los estudiantes varones tiene una alta intención de uso, además de que el 42% estaría dispuesto a utilizar este método anticonceptivo de forma diaria. CONCLUSIÓN: No existe una relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y la intención de uso de la píldora, pues independiente del nivel de conocimiento siempre se mantuvo una alta intención de uso investigación y así participar activamente en la planificación familiar

Throughout history, women have been responsible for biological reproduction, they have been mostly responsible for contraception (1); There is a need to incorporate men into reproductive health with modern, effective and reversible methods, such as the Male Oral Contraceptive Pill, which is in phase II of research, and thus actively participate in family planning. OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between the knowledge and intention to use the Male Oral Contraceptive Pill, in men of childbearing age of a University of Southern Chile, during the second half of 2018. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Quantitative, correlational, non-experimental research and Transversal, in 301 regular students, self-administered instrument: "Survey of Oral Contraceptives in Men of Fertile Age", validated through an expert committee, with Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of 0.81. RESULTS: Regarding the level of knowledge about the Pill, only 16% had a score greater than or equal to 17 points, considered ashigh knowledge. Regarding intention to use, 58% of male students have a high intention to use, in addition to 42% would be willing to use this method of contraception on a daily basis. CONCLUSION: There is no relationship between the level of knowledge and the intention to use the pill, because independent of the level of knowledge, a high intention to use research was always maintained and thus actively participate in family planning.

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Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar, a través de una encuesta, la situación actual de las conductas sexuales de riesgo en una muestra de población mexicana de entre 15-60 años, e identificar los métodos de planificación familiar más utilizados y el promedio de inicio de la vida sexual. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico tipo "bola de nieve". Se aplicó una encuesta validada internacionalmente de conductas sexuales de riesgo, entre julio y octubre de 2017, en una muestra mexicana de 15-60 años de edad. Se excluyeron las encuestas incompletas y con discordancias, y personas de otras nacionalidades. Entre las variables estudiadas se incluyeron: sexo, edad y estado socioeconómico. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 385, con un intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC95%). Los datos se reunieron en el programa de Excel 2016, donde se analizaron e interpretaron. RESULTADOS: Se encuestaron 689 sujetos, pero se excluyeron 38; de esta forma se registraron 650 casos. El 87.4% de los casos inició su vida sexual entre los 16 y 25 años; un tercio la calificó satisfactoria. El 50% de los encuestados de entre 13 y 15 años utilizó preservativo. El 61% refirió la comunicación de temas sexuales con sus padres poco satisfactoria o inexistente; 6.6% no utiliza o es usuario de algún método de planificación y 40.3% recurre a uno poco efectivo. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante conocer las prácticas sexuales de la población mexicana, para identificar las áreas de oportunidad, promover la prevención de prácticas sexuales de riesgo y aumentar la difusión de la información.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Evaluate, through an internationally validated survey, the risky sexual behavior in a Mexican sample between 15-60 years, the average of initiation of sexual activity and the most used contraceptive methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, with non-probabilistic sampling type snowball. We apply an internationally validated survey of Risky Sexual Behavior between July and October 2017 through social networks to Mexican population between 15 and 60 years. Incomplete surveys were excluded, with disagreements in responses and people of other nationalities. The variables studied included sex, age and socioeconomic status. A sample size of 385 was calculated with a confidence level of 95%. The data was gathered in an Excel sheet 2016 where they were analyzed and interpreted. RESULTS: A total of 689 subjects were surveyed, 38 were excluded; In this way, a total of 650 cases were registered. 87.4% started sexual life between 16 and 25 years old, being satisfactory in a third of the cases. 50% of people between 13 and 15 years used condoms and 56% between 16 and 18 years. 61% reported the communication of sexual issues with their parents unsatisfactory or non-existent. 6.6% of people do not have a planning method while 40.3% have a little cash. CONCLUSION: It is important to know the sexual practices in the Mexican population to detect areas of opportunity, make changes in the prevention of risky sexual actions and in the distribution of information.

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STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe knowledge and use of contraceptive methods among pregnant teens in Brazil. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: A tertiary care center in Bahia, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant teens 10-19 years old. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were asked about contraceptive knowledge and previous contraceptive use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contraceptive knowledge, previous contraceptive use, and contraceptive intentions for after pregnancy. Other survey topics included demographic characteristics, school attendance, and sexual history. RESULTS: A total of 90 participants wereincluded in the study, with an average age of 15.4 ± 1.7 years, and a mean age at first sexual intercourse of 13.8 ± 1.2 years. Most participants were unmarried (58/90), of mixed race (57/90), had a household income below minimum wage (59/83), lived with their parents (54/90), and unemployment (81/90). More than 80% were not using contraception or were using it irregularly whenthey became pregnant. Most participants reported knowledge of condoms (82/90), of the combined oral contraceptive pill (75/90) and of injectable contraceptives (68/90). However, less than half reported knowledge oflong-acting reversible contraceptive methods. In terms of contraceptive intentions after pregnancy, the most commonly cited methods were the contraceptive injection (36/90), the intrauterine device (17/90) and the combined pill (9/90). CONCLUSION: In this study we found a low level of knowledge of contraceptive methods, and especially of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods, among pregnant teens in Northeast Brazil. Low socioeconomic status and high rates of unplanned pregnancy might be reasons for insufficient sexual and reproductive health counseling in this population.

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Unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents continue to be major health problems around the world. They are associated with sex that occurs without contraceptive protection. We determined the relationship of family, personal, and social factors with the non-use of any contraceptive method during the first sexual experience in 1409 adolescent women. The most significant risk factors were being less than 15 years of age and lacking knowledge and awareness about contraceptive methods. In the family environment, the risk factors were living in an incomplete family and the existence of a poor relationship among the father, the mother, and the adolescents. Socialization with friends who became sexually active at an early age was also associated with having sex for the first time without protection. This information should be used in sexual and reproductive education programmes to prevent unplanned pregnancy and STIs in adolescent women.

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This is a cross-sectional study examining highly effective contraceptive (HEC) use among HIV-positive women in Salvador, Brazil. We used multivariate logistic regression to look for predictors of alternative contraceptive choices among women who discontinued HEC after HIV diagnosis. Of 914 participants surveyed, 38.5% of participants used HEC before but not after diagnosis. Of these, 65.9% used condoms alone; 19.3% used no protection; and 14.8% reported abstinence. Use of condoms alone was associated with a history of other sexually transmitted infections (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.09-4.66, p = 0.029). Abstinence was associated with recent diagnosis (AOR 8.48, 95% CI 2.20-32.64, p = 0.002). Using no method was associated with age below 25 (AOR 5.13, 95% CI 1.46-18.00, p = 0.011); income below minimum wage (AOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.31-4.92, p = 0.006); HIV-positive partner status (AOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.03-7.02, p = 0.043); and unknown partner status (AOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.04-8.05, p = 0.042). Improved contraceptive counseling is needed after HIV diagnosis. Continuation of HEC should be encouraged for women wishing to prevent pregnancy, and may increase contraceptive coverage among HIV-positive women.

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A sexualidade se estabelece por um conjunto de possibilidades que necessitam de serem exploradas, haja vista que a adolescência que corresponde ao período de 10 a 19 anos, é marcada pela transição da infância para a fase adulta e por uma série de transformações, tanto anatômicas, fisiológicas, psicológicas como também sociais. Nesse contexto associa-se a este ciclo da vida a necessidade de compreender e refletir o conhecimento que os adolescentes possuem tanto sobre as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis quanto a gravidez na adolescência, já que, é nesse momento da vida que os mesmos têm um maior risco tanto quanto as infecções advindas do sexo inseguro como também a uma gravidez não planejada, sendo essencial nessa conjuntura que estes temas sejam interiorizados de forma cotidiana, atual e preventiva tanto na escola quanto na família. Parte-se do pressuposto das perspectivas de ação das práticas de educação em saúde, além dos conteúdos se são, explícita e implicitamente, veiculados acerca do tema sexualidade e seus desdobramentos, além do acometimento psicossocial de uma gravidez precoce. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho objetiva avaliar o conhecimento dos adolescentes de uma escola pública sobre as práticas, percepções necessidades de diálogo sobre as IST e de uma gravidez durante o período da adolescência. A metodologia consistiu em um estudo transversal, de natureza quantitativa, sendo escolhida de forma intencional uma escola pública da cidade de Pouso Alegre-MG; o número de participantes desta pesquisa foi de 499, de ambos os sexos do 8º ano do ensino fundamental II ao ensino médio. Esse processo somente se deu a partir da aprovação do Comitê de Ética da EERP, e da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e do Termo de Assentimento Livre e Esclarecido; o instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi um questionário semiestruturado. Quanto aos resultados, o estudo mostrou que os adolescentes participantes pertenciam ao grupo de idade entre 12 - 17 anos (99,8%), sendo que adolescentes com 12 anos representam a menor parte (9,6%) e os de 17 a maior (37,7%). O sexo feminino representou 58,5% da amostra e o sexo masculino 41,5%. A iniciação sexual ocorreu em média aos 13,8 anos com os meninos e 14,4 anos em relação as meninas. Além disso, demonstrou-se que 90,18% dos participantes valorizam e concordam com a ocorrência de oficinas e projetos de sexualidade no interior do ambiente escolar. Dessa forma, é pertinente a necessidade de programas e políticas públicas voltadas a informar, conscientizar e estimular esses indivíduos a se prevenirem e entenderem as modificações dessa fase da vida. Além disso, é pertinente discutir entre os adolescentes as emoções e valores que impedem o uso das informações que os mesmos possuem em suas práticas sexuais. Nota-se também a necessidade de a escola assumir um trabalho cotidiano de abordagem da sexualidade como intrínseca a saúde, como prática sexual saudável e segura através do uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e preventivos contra a IST

Sexuality is established by a set of possibilities that need to be explored, since the adolescence that corresponds to the period from 10 to 19 years is marked by the transition from childhood to adulthood and by a series of transformations, both anatomical, physiological, psychological as well as social. In this context, it is associated with this cycle of life the need to understand and reflect the knowledge that adolescents have as much about sexually transmitted infections as teenage pregnancy, since it is at that moment of life that they have a greater risk both as well as the infections due to unsafe sex, as well as to an unplanned pregnancy, and it is essential at this juncture that these themes are internalized in a daily, current and preventive manner, both at school and in the family. It is based on the assumption of the perspectives of action of health education practices, in addition to the contents if they are explicitly and implicitly conveyed about the theme sexuality and its unfolding, in addition to the psychosocial involvement of an early pregnancy. In this perspective, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge of the adolescents of a public school about the practices, perceptions, needs for dialogue about STIs and a pregnancy during adolescence. The methodology consisted of a transversal study, of quantitative nature, being chosen intentionally a public school in the city of Pouso Alegre-MG; the number of participants in this research was 499, of both sexes from the 8th year of elementary school II to high school. This process only occurred after the approval of the Ethics Committee of the EERP, and the signing of the Term of Free and Informed Consent and the Term of Free and Informed Assent; the instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire. Regarding the results, the study showed that the adolescents belonged to the age group between 12 - 17 years (99.8%), with 12 year olds representing the smallest part (9.6%) and those 17 years old (37.7%). The female sex represented 58.5% of the sample and the male sex 41.5%. Sexual initiation occurred on average at 13.8 years for boys and 14.4 years for girls. In addition, 90.18% of the participants have been shown to value and agree with the occurrence of sexuality workshops and projects within the school environment. In this way, the need for public policies and programs to inform, raise awareness and stimulate these individuals to prevent and understand the modifications of this phase of life is pertinent. In addition, it is pertinent to discuss among adolescents the emotions and values that prevent the use of the information they have in their sexual practices. It is also noted the need for the school to take on a daily work of approaching sexuality as intrinsic to health, as a safe and healthy sexual practice through the use of contraceptive and preventive methods against STI

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Resumo O artigo propõe uma abordagem socioantropológica para discutir questões ainda candentes em torno da contracepção, sobretudo no contexto brasileiro. A prática contraceptiva compreende uma série de decisões e lógicas complexas entranhadas em múltiplos domínios da vida, requerendo análises acerca de práticas e representações sobre contracepção, maternidade, conjugalidade, família, prazer e sexualidade, sem que se deixe de considerar aspectos materiais cruciais como a oferta contraceptiva (disponibilidade de serviços e métodos). São revisitadas algumas contribuições sociológicas e antropológicas que oferecem chaves de interpretação para o entendimento dos percursos contraceptivos femininos e permitem a discussão acerca dos processos decisórios relativos à contracepção. O artigo problematiza a equação simplista entre gestações imprevistas e falta de informação e/ou acesso adequado aos métodos contraceptivos, ou ainda, como reflexo de uma suposta restrita racionalidade e/ou responsabilidade dos sujeitos em relação à vida contraceptiva - tendências ainda hegemônicas em campos disciplinares como a saúde pública e a demografia. As reflexões propostas ressaltam a necessidade de ponderar as assimetrias de gênero e as mediações biográficas, contextuais e culturais subjacentes nos processos que engendram um evento reprodutivo. Este tipo de análise abre espaço para introdução de discussões sobre sexualidade e sua conexão com as formas como as pessoas lidam com a contracepção e a reprodução. Trata-se de um artigo teórico que procura contribuir para o debate sobre a cultura contraceptiva no Brasil.

Abstract This paper proposes a social-anthropological approach to discuss (still) burning issues around contraception, especially in the Brazilian context. Contraceptive practices embrace a wide range of decisions and complex perspectives intertwined in multiples life domains, requiring analysis about practices and representations on contraception, motherhood, conjugality, family, pleasure and sexuality, not forgetting the consideration of crucial material aspects as the contraceptive supply (availability of services and methods). Some sociological and anthropological contributions are revisited, since they provide interpretation keys to comprehend female contraceptives paths and enable the discussion about the decision-making processes associated to contraception. The article problematizes the simplistic equation which links unexpected pregnancy to the lack of information and/or proper access to contraception methods, or to an alleged and strict rationality and/or individual responsibility towards contraceptive life - this is a still hegemonic pattern in disciplinary fields such as Public Health and Demography. The presented considerations emphasize the urge to ponder biographical, contextual and cultural mediations and gender imbalance underlying a reproductive event. This kind of analysis enables to bring sexuality into discussion, and its relation with the ways people deal with contraception and reproduction. This is a theoretical article that aims to contribute to the debate about contraceptive culture in Brazil.

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