RESUMO
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi play a crucial role in the growth of soybean; however, the planting system employed is thought to have an effect on AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere. This study was performed to explore the influence of continuous soybean cropping on the diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and to identify the dominant AM fungus during the seedling stage. Three soybean cultivars were planted under two and three years continuous cropping, respectively. The diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil at the seedling stage was subsequently analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results showed that an increase in cropping years improved the colonization rate of AM in all three soybean cultivars. Moreover, the dominant species were found to be Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus species. The results of cluster analysis further confirmed that the number of years of continuous cropping significantly affected the composition of rhizospheric AM fungal communities in different soybean cultivars.
Assuntos
Microbiologia do Solo , Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Micorrizas/isolamento & purificação , Micorrizas/classificação , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biodiversidade , Rizosfera , Fatores de Tempo , Análise por Conglomerados , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Micorrizas/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente DesnaturanteRESUMO
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi play a crucial role in the growth of soybean; however, the planting system employed is thought to have an effect on AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere. This study was performed to explore the influence of continuous soybean cropping on the diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and to identify the dominant AM fungus during the seedling stage. Three soybean cultivars were planted under two and three years continuous cropping, respectively. The diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil at the seedling stage was subsequently analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results showed that an increase in cropping years improved the colonization rate of AM in all three soybean cultivars. Moreover, the dominant species were found to be Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus species. The results of cluster analysis further confirmed that the number of years of continuous cropping significantly affected the composition of rhizospheric AM fungal communities in different soybean cultivars.(AU)
RESUMO
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi play a crucial role in the growth of soybean; however, the planting system employed is thought to have an effect on AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere. This study was performed to explore the influence of continuous soybean cropping on the diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and to identify the dominant AM fungus during the seedling stage. Three soybean cultivars were planted under two and three years continuous cropping, respectively. The diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil at the seedling stage was subsequently analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results showed that an increase in cropping years improved the colonization rate of AM in all three soybean cultivars. Moreover, the dominant species were found to be Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus species. The results of cluster analysis further confirmed that the number of years of continuous cropping significantly affected the composition of rhizospheric AM fungal communities in different soybean cultivars.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Micorrizas/classificação , Micorrizas/isolamento & purificação , Rizosfera , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microbiologia do Solo , Análise por Conglomerados , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante , Micorrizas/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi play a crucial role in the growth of soybean; however, the planting system employed is thought to have an effect on AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere. This study was performed to explore the influence of continuous soybean cropping on the diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and to identify the dominant AM fungus during the seedling stage. Three soybean cultivars were planted under two and three years continuous cropping, respectively. The diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil at the seedling stage was subsequently analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results showed that an increase in cropping years improved the colonization rate of AM in all three soybean cultivars. Moreover, the dominant species were found to be Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus species. The results of cluster analysis further confirmed that the number of years of continuous cropping significantly affected the composition of rhizospheric AM fungal communities in different soybean cultivars.
RESUMO
With the objetive of studying soil physical characteristics of a dark red latosol under long term cultivation of sugar-cane monoculture, the present paper evaluated soil particle size distributions, soil density and porosity of soil samples from plots cultivated for 16, 30 and 50 years to sugar-cane as compared with soil samples from natural rain-forest. Results indicated significant changes in clay contents and soil density of the surface horizon, as a function of soil use. Changes were also observed in micro and macro porosities of these samples.
Com o objetivo de estudar as características físicas do solo, sob monocultura, o presente trabalho avaliou a distribuição de tamanho de partículas, presença de camadas compactadas, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade de um latossolo vermelho escuro cultivado com cana-de-açúcar. As observações foram feitas em 1992-1993 utilizando amostras de solo sob vegetação natural de floresta e sob cultivo contínuo por 16, 30 e 50 anos. Amostras foram coletadas em camadas de 10 cm até a profundidade de 1 m. Os resultados indicam variações significativas do teor de argila dos horizontes superficiais em função do tempo de cultivo e bem como aumentos da densidade do solo, para as parcelas cultivadas. Variações também foram encontradas para a macro e microporosidade, apenas para os horizontes submetidos às práticas de cultivo.
RESUMO
With the objetive of studying soil physical characteristics of a dark red latosol under long term cultivation of sugar-cane monoculture, the present paper evaluated soil particle size distributions, soil density and porosity of soil samples from plots cultivated for 16, 30 and 50 years to sugar-cane as compared with soil samples from natural rain-forest. Results indicated significant changes in clay contents and soil density of the surface horizon, as a function of soil use. Changes were also observed in micro and macro porosities of these samples.
Com o objetivo de estudar as características físicas do solo, sob monocultura, o presente trabalho avaliou a distribuição de tamanho de partículas, presença de camadas compactadas, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade de um latossolo vermelho escuro cultivado com cana-de-açúcar. As observações foram feitas em 1992-1993 utilizando amostras de solo sob vegetação natural de floresta e sob cultivo contínuo por 16, 30 e 50 anos. Amostras foram coletadas em camadas de 10 cm até a profundidade de 1 m. Os resultados indicam variações significativas do teor de argila dos horizontes superficiais em função do tempo de cultivo e bem como aumentos da densidade do solo, para as parcelas cultivadas. Variações também foram encontradas para a macro e microporosidade, apenas para os horizontes submetidos às práticas de cultivo.