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The aim of this study was to evaluate the health situation of chukar partridges through several diagnostic methods. We investigated a total of 224 birds in eighteen populations throughout Turkey, fourteen wild and four captive. The molecular sexing method was used for gender identification. Clinically, traumatic lesions and inflammatory reactions were the most commonly observed in the eyes and extremities of the Chukar Partridges in the breeding stations. At necropsy, the most common findings were enteritis and liver lesions. At the histopathological examination, pneumonia, anthracosis, and inflammatory changes in the digestive system were among the common findings. Interestingly, liver parasites were found in wild samples. At the immunohistochemical examinations, the tissues were evaluated for Marek's disease (MD), Adenovirus, Avian mycobacteriosis (AMB), and Aspergillosis. While MD and AMB were not found in breeding stations, we determined them from wild populations. Aspergillus was found in both wild and captive populations; Adenovirus antigens were found only in breeding stations. When the captive and wild populations were evaluated together, MD 1.3%, AMB 0.9%, Aspergillosis 1.3%, Adenovirus 1.8% were found. The relation between sex and diseases was also examined. As a result, the data of this study showed that chukar partridges from both breeding stations and wild populations are not an important source of diseases, but especially released partridges from breeding stations may carry some microorganisms. For that reason, captive populations should be regularly monitored for contagious diseases.(AU)

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ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the potentialities of using the concept of vulnerability to support measures for preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Methods: This theoretical study was conducted in steps: 1) presentation of markers that frame the concept of vulnerability; 2) presentation of the characteristics of the health events to which the concept of vulnerability is intended to be applied; 3) identification of research gaps that could be potentially filled by using the concept of vulnerability; 4) identification of the potentialities of using the concept of vulnerability to deal with HAIs. Results: Proposal of a framework for analyzing HAIs from a vulnerability perspective, including the individual and collective dimensions. Conclusion: Using the concept of vulnerability to study and deal with HAIs favors a new approach to an old problem, unlike the dominant studies that highlight the individual aspects of the practices in healthcare services.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Discutir las potencialidades del uso del concepto de la vulnerabilidad para basar las acciones de prevención y control de las Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria (IRAS). Método: Estudio de base teórica, realizado en etapas: 1) presentación de los marcadores que componen el concepto de la vulnerabilidad, 2) presentación de las características del agravio al que se pretende aplicar el concepto de la vulnerabilidad; 3) identificación de las lagunas de investigación que pueden ser potencialmente cumplimentadas por medio del uso del concepto; 4) identificación de las potencialidades del uso del concepto para el manejo de las IRAS. Resultados: Propuesta de un marco de análisis de las IRAS bajo la perspectiva de la vulnerabilidad, componiendo dimensiones individuales y colectivas. Conclusión: El uso del concepto de la vulnerabilidad en el estudio y manejo de las IRAS favorece una nueva mirada sobre un antiguo problema, diferente de los estudios hegemónicos que tratan de destacar los aspectos individuales relativos a las prácticas de atención en los servicios de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: discutir as potencialidades do uso do conceito de vulnerabilidade para embasar as ações de prevenção e controle das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS). Método: estudo de base teórica, realizado em etapas: 1) apresentação dos marcadores que compõem o conceito de vulnerabilidade; 2) apresentação das características do agravo ao qual se pretende aplicar o conceito de vulnerabilidade; 3) identificação de lacunas de pesquisa que podem ser potencialmente preenchidas por meio do uso do conceito; 4) identificação das potencialidades do uso do conceito para o manejo de IRAS. Resultados: proposta de um quadro de análise das IRAS na perspectiva da vulnerabilidade, compondo dimensões individual e coletiva. Conclusão: o uso do conceito de vulnerabilidade no estudo e manejo de IRAS favorece um novo olhar sobre um antigo problema, diferente dos estudos hegemônicos que tratam de destacar os aspectos individuais relativos às práticas de atenção nos serviços de saúde.

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Introducción: La varicela es una enfermedad viral aguda altamente contagiosa, de comienzo repentino, con fiebre moderada, síntomas generales, erupción cutánea de tipo maculopapular y vesicular; afecta principalmente a menores de 10 años. Objetivos: Describir el comportamiento de la varicela entre 2003/2007 en Pradera (Valle del Cauca). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo producto de los registros del Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública de Pradera, secundarios a la recolección de casos de varicela notificados por los prestadores de servicios de salud municipales semanalmente. Resultados: Se observó un incremento de 10 veces las tasas de varicela en 2006 respecto a 2003; afectó principalmente a menores de 1 a 4 años (14 veces), seguido de adultos jóvenes entre 15 a 44 años (13 veces) y de 45 a 59 años (9 veces); se enfermaron también personas de edades extremas (menores de un año - mayores de 60). Conclusiones: Por su alto poder epidémico la varicela requiere para su control y prevención la movilización de diferentes sectores poblacionales: salud, social y educación; es un evento que al no controlarse adecuadamente afecta a grupos poblacionales inhabituales (mayores de 15 años y menores de 1 año). Las estrategias de control y prevención implementadas entre las secretarías de Salud Municipal de Pradera y Departamental del Valle al parecer contribuyeron a mitigar la diseminación de este evento durante 2007.

Introduction: Chickenpox is a acute viral illness highly contagious of sudden onset with mild fever, general symptoms, maculopapular rash and vesicular type, affecting mainly children under 10 years. Objectives: To describe the behavior of chickenpox between 2003 /2007 in Padrera. (Valle del Cauca). Methods: A descriptive study was made of the records product Surveillance System in Public Health in Pradera secondary to the collection of cases of chickenpox reported by providers of municipal health services weekly. Results: We observed an increase of 10 times the rates for chickenpox in 2006 compared to 2003; this mainly affected children from 1 to 4 years (14 times), followed by young adults between 15 and 44 years (13 times) and 45 to 59 years (9 times); there were also people ill in extreme age (under one year - over 60). Conclusions: The Chickenpox by a high epidemic power required for control and prevention mobilization of different sectors of the population: health, social and education; it is an event that when not controlling properly affects unusual population groups (older than 15 years and less than 1 year). The prevention and control strategies implemented between the Secretaries Local Health in Pradera and Department of Valle helped to mitigate further spread of this event in 2007.