RESUMO
This research formulates a theoretical framework to investigate the impacts of trade on consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) and also takes into account the influence of financial development and renewable energy use utilizing panel data for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) nations between 1990 and 2017. The study utilizes a series of second-generation techniques such as Westerlund cointegration, cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), and augmented mean group (AMG) tests to capture the linkage between CCO2 emissions and the independent variables. The study aims to answer the following questions: (a) can exports and imports determine CCO2 emissions in the MINT nations? (b) Is there a long-run association among the variables under investigation? The results of the Westerlund cointegration reveal a long-run association among the variables. The CS-ARDL outcomes indicate that imports and economic growth increase CCO2 emissions, while renewable energy use and exports decrease CCO2 emissions. Moreover, the outcomes of the AMG test also give credence to the CS-ARDL results. Our key policy recommendations are that initiatives, rules, and regulatory mechanisms should be implemented that promote the transformation toward renewable energy.
Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono , Carbono , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Estudos Transversais , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Indonésia , México , Nigéria , Energia Renovável , TurquiaRESUMO
This research investigates the drivers of consumption-based carbon emissions in Brazil by using a dataset covering the period between 1990 and 2018. These dynamics were examined by employing the ARDL bounds, DOLS, and gradual shift causality tests. The ARDL long- and short-run estimation outcomes reveal that: (a) renewable energy use stimulates the sustainability of the environment; (b) economic growth increases environmental degradation; and (c) technological innovation enhances the quality of the environment. In addition, the gradual shift causality test results disclosed that renewable energy consumption, economic growth, technological innovation and public-private partnership investment in energy can predict consumption-based carbon emissions in Brazil. Therefore, Brazilian policymakers should actively encourage the R&D of low-carbon technologies and renewable energy consumption. Domestic consumption levels, on the other hand, should be targeted, specifically those that are more energy-intensive and cause a rise in CO2 emissions due to consumption.
Assuntos
Carbono , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Brasil , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Invenções , Energia RenovávelRESUMO
In recent years, a growing number of scholars have employed various proxies of environmental degradation to understand the reasons behind rising environmental degradation. However, very few studies have considered consumption-based carbon emissions, even though a clear understanding of the impact of consumption patterns is essential for redirecting the pattern to more sustainable consumption. Thus, this study takes a step forward by using consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) as a proxy of environmental degradation using the novel non-linear ARDL technique for Chilefrom 1990 to 2018. To the best understanding of the investigators, no prior studies have investigated the drivers of consumption-based carbon emissions utilizing non-linear ARDL. The study employed ADF and KSS (non-linear) tests to check the data series' stationary level. Additionally, the symmetric and asymmetric ARDL approaches are utilized to explore cointegration and long-run linkages. According to the results, there is no symmetric cointegration among the variables; however, the empirical estimates reveal a long-run asymmetric connection between the indicators and CCO2 emissions. The novel results from the asymmetric ARDL indicate that negative and positive changes in economic growth deteriorate the quality of the environment. Interestingly, a reduction in economic growth makes a more dominant contribution to environmental degradation. Moreover, positive changes in renewable energy usage improve the quality of Chile's environment, inferring that the country can achieve a reduction in environmental degradation by boosting renewable energy consumption. Surprisingly, the study found that technological innovation is ineffective in reducing consumption-based carbon emissions, which implies that Chile's technological innovation is not directed towards manufacturing green technology. Finally, the policy implications are discussed with respect to reducing consumption-based carbon emissions.