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Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 indujo un cambio en nuestro sistema de salud y de educación. Los programas formativos también tuvieron que adaptarse y exigieron un cambio rápido. Objetivos: describir una experiencia educativa de enseñanza virtual/híbrida en investigación clínica, entre docentes del Servicio de Clínica de un hospital universitario y estudiantes de Medicina de una institución privada, que participaron del Programa ESIN (EStudiantes en INvestigación). Metodología: los contenidos y las estrategias educativas incluyeron las clases teóricas audiograbadas o videograbadas (asincrónicas y autoadministradas), el aprendizaje basado en proyectos, los talleres prácticos (encuentros sincrónicos virtuales y grupales), mediante la adopción de modelos de aprendizaje como el aula invertida, y la tutoría individual entre docente-estudiante. Los datos se recopilaron mediante la observación en contextos académicos, y basándonos en elementos de encuestas anónimas de satisfacción, previo consentimiento informado de los participantes. Resultados: participaron 14 estudiantes, 6 durante el año 2021 y 8 durante 2022. Todas mujeres y estudiantes de medicina (50% de cuarto año, 35% de sexto año y 15% de quinto año). Las técnicas implementadas favorecieron la participación y promovieron el aprendizaje activo, basado en proyectos. Mencionaron aspectos positivos como el enfoque académico práctico, la disponibilidad del equipo docente para atender cualquier duda, el tiempo y el entusiasmo por enseñar y fomentar la participación. Los videos teóricos resultaron útiles como herramientas de repaso, y los encuentros grupales fueron especialmente valorados, si bien los encuentros individuales fueron destacados como ayuda y apoyo previo a los congresos científicos. En general, manifestaron que fue una experiencia enriquecedora que demostró que se puede lograr lo que se creía imposible. Todas participaron activamente de al menos un congreso científico, y el 50% resultó coautora de una publicación académica. Conclusión: los estudiantes asumieron compromisos y responsabilidades, e incorporaron competencias y habilidades en la implementación y en la difusión de los proyectos. Esta experiencia educativa facilitó que el tiempo de clase pudiera optimizarse para intercambio, discusión y dudas. Los recursos producidos, las actividades desarrolladas y los contenidos abordados quedan disponibles a nivel institución. (AU)

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a change in our health and education system. Training programs also had to adapt and required rapid change. Objectives: to describe an educational experience of virtual/hybrid teaching in clinical research between teachers of the Clinical Service of a university hospital and medical students of a private institution who participated in the ESIN Program (Students in Research). Methodology: the contents and educational strategies included audio or videotaped lectures (asynchronous and self-administered), project-based learning, practical workshops (virtual and group synchronous meetings) by adopting learning models such as the inverted classroom, and individual tutoring between teacher and student. We gathered the data through observation in academic contexts and based on elements of anonymous satisfaction surveys, with prior informed consent of participants. Results: fourteen students participated, six in 2021 and eight in 2022. All were women and medical students (50% fourth year, 35% sixth year, and 15% fifth year). The techniques implemented favored participation and promoted active, project-based learning. They mentioned positive aspects such as the practical academic approach, the availability of the teaching team for any doubts, the time and enthusiasm for teaching, and encouraging participation. The theory videos were a valuable review tool, and team meetings received high praise even if the one-on-one meetings received much attention as help and support before the scientific congresses. In general, they stated that it was an enriching experience that showed that you can achieve what you thought impossible. All of them actively participated in at least one scientific congress, and 50% were co-authors of an academic publication. Conclusion: the students assumed commitments and responsibilities and incorporated competencies and skills in project implementation and dissemination. This educational experience helped to optimize class time for exchange, discussion, and doubts. The resources produced, the activities developed, and the contents addressed are now available at the institutional level. (AU)

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Introduction: Scientific studies in Brazil grew around 10.7% compared to previous years. However, the level of quality of evidence has been decreasing. The aim in our study is to examine the meeting abstracts of the Brazilian congress of coloproctology and analyze the level of evidence in trends and variables. Methods: A descriptive bibliometric study, working with secondary data to review scientific abstracts in the annals of the coloproctology congress from 2015 to 2019. Results: A total of 1756 abstracts of the Brazilian Congress of Coloproctology were analyzed for 5 years (2015-2019). There was a higher trend of abstracts presented with lower levels of evidence (level of evidence 5: 52.3% and 3: 30%), being the majority composed of case reports (49.4%) and retrospective studies (30.4%). The last two years analyzed (2018: 55.2% and 2019: 59.3%) had a predominance above average of case reports. From 2017 to 2019 there was a significant decrease in the number of level 2 evidence studies (18.10%,11.80% and 5.50%), while the number of studies with level 5 evidence showed an increase (45.60%, 56.60% and 61.40%). Statistical analysis occurred in only 17%, with an important decrease for the last two years (2018: 13.6%; 2019: 12.1%). Conclusions: Although the data of this study is from the Brazilian coloproctology point of view, they are important for the global scientific community, as they allow a quantitative evaluation of the relative contribution from the level of evidence of Brazilian coloproctology researchers to the scientific scenario. (AU)

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Introduction: The presentation of abstracts in a congress is an important step for the dissemination of scientific information. The American Congress of Coloproctology is promoted by the American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), and it is the largest in number of participants within the specialty, followed by the Brazilian Congress of Coloproctology. The present study aims to evaluate variables related to the quality of the scientific production of the abstracts presented in these two events and their conversion rate to published manuscripts. Materials and Methods: The present bibliometric study assesses secondary data from the review of abstracts presented in these 2 important conferences in 2016, followed by a research of the publications from these congress presentations. Results: The total number of abstracts evaluated was 854. The rate of articles containing statistical analyses was of 73.7% in the American congress, and of 34.1% in the Brazilian congress. Multicentric studies were more prevalent in the American congress (23.1%). Regarding study design, the most common were case reports in the Brazilian (44.8%) congress and retrospective studies in the American congress (67.7%). As for the works presented, the rate of conversion into full manuscripts in the American congress was of 24.2% compared with 10.6% in the Brazilian congress. Most papers from the American congress (93.7%) have citations compared with 68.6% of the other event evaluated. Conclusion: The scientific performance demonstrated by the conversion rate of abstracts into publications is below ideal, mainly in relation to the Brazilian meeting; yet, there were significant differences between the two events in terms of the profile of the presentations and several variables analyzed. (AU)

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Introducción: En 2013, desarrollamos una escala, para evaluar resúmenes de congresos de la Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile (SOCICH). Objetivo: Determinar consistencia interna y confiabilidad interobservador de una escala para evaluar resúmenes de congresos. Material y Método: Estudio de confiabilidad. Doce cirujanos fueron capacitados de forma virtual durante 8 horas, para aplicar la escala. Una vez finalizado el entrenamiento, se les envió un cuestionario para evaluar contenidos de la capacitación, y varios resúmenescasos para ser evaluados con la escala antes señalada. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, luego se estimó el grado de acuerdo entre observadores para cada ítem de la escala. Posteriormente, se evaluó el coeficiente de correlación (CCI), utilizando un modelo de dos factores mixtos en el que los efectos de los evaluadores son aleatorios y los ítems fijos; utilizando una definición de acuerdo absoluto. Además, se evaluó la consistencia interna de los ítems utilizando alfa de Cronbach, considerando intérvalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Luego de analizar las mediciones de los 9 ítems por los 12 observadores, se verificó que el CCI fue de 0,871; con un IC 95% de 0,700; 0,965. El valor de la consistencia interna fue de 0,7 considerando los 9 ítems, no se recomienda eliminar ningún ítem. Conclusión: La escala tiene buena confiabilidad interobservador y los ítems son consistentes entre sí; por lo que puede ser considerada como un instrumento confiable para la valoración de resúmenes de congresos.

Background: In 2013, we developed a scale to evaluate the abstracts of the congresses of the Society of Surgeons of Chile (SOCICH). Objective: To determine internal consistency and interobserver reliability of a scale to evaluate conference abstracts. Material and Methods: Reliability study. Twelve surgeons were trained virtually for 8 hours, to apply the scale. Once the training was finished, they were sent a questionnaire to evaluate the contents of the training, and several summaries-cases to be evaluated with the aforementioned scale. Descriptive statistics were applied, then the degree of agreement between observers was estimated for each item of the scale. Subsequently, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was evaluated, using a mixed two-factor model where the effects of the evaluators are random and the items are fixed, using a definition of absolute agreement. In addition, the internal consistency of the items was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, considering 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: After analyzing the measurements of the 9 items by the 12 observers, it was verified that the ICC was 0.871; with a 95% CI of 0.700; 0.965. The internal consistency value was 0.7 considering the 9 items, it is not recommended to delete any item. Conclusions: The scale has good internal consistency and interobserver reliability. Therefore, it can be considered as reliable instrument to be used in the evaluation of abstracts for congresses.

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Introducción: Los trabajos científicos permiten divulgar, compartir y contrastar resultados a terceros. Una de las formas de ver la actividad investigativa de cada especialidad es a través de las presentaciones que realizan en reuniones científicas. Objetivo: Describir el número de presentaciones de las distintas especialidades o áreas quirúrgicas en Chile en el principal congreso realizado a nivel nacional y evaluar si el comportamiento fue distinto durante los años de pandemia por coronavirus. Material y Método: Estudio bibliométrico del Congreso Chileno de Cirugía entre los años 2010 y 2021 evaluando el número total de presentaciones por área quirúrgica, año de presentación y período categorizado en 2010 a 2019 y 2020 a 2021. Se realiza estadística descriptiva y análisis de asociación de medias de publicaciones por área y período. Resultados: Se identificaron 4.462 presentaciones, incluyendo resúmenes orales, póster, videos y jornada de residentes. La media total fue 371,8 trabajos anuales. Coloproctología y Cirugía Gastroesofágica aportaron un total de 616 (13,8%) y 598 (13,4%) respectivamente. La media de presentaciones anuales previo a la pandemia por coronavirus fue de 414, en contraste a los 160 trabajos anuales durante ella, existiendo una disminución significativa de medias de presentaciones por área de 27,6 (± 18,8) a 10,7 (± 8,69) (p < 0,001), sin diferencias sus porcentajes de participación respecto del total (p = 0,776). Conclusión: Coloproctología y Cirugía Gastroesofágica son las áreas quirúrgicas más representadas. Si bien en el período contemporáneo a la pandemia por coronavirus significó una disminución en las presentaciones, no se observó una modificación en el porcentaje de participación de algún área en particular.

Introduction: Scientific studies allow the disclosure, sharing and comparison of results with third parties. One of the ways to see the investigative activity of each medical specialty is through the presentations they make at scientific meetings. Aim: To describe the number of presentations of the different surgical specialties or areas in Chile in the main congress held at a national level and to assess whether the behavior was different during the years of the coronavirus pandemic. Material and Method: Bibliometric study of the Chilean Congress of Surgery between 2010 and 2021, evaluating the total number of presentations by surgical area, year of presentation and two categorized periods (2010 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021). Descriptive statistics and association analysis of publication means by area and period are performed. Results: 4,462 presentations were identified, including oral summaries, posters, videos, and residents' sessions, with a mean of 371.8 per year. Coloproctology and Gastroesophageal Surgery contributed a total of 616 (13.8%) and 598 (13.4%) respectively. The mean number of annual presentations prior to the coronavirus pandemic was 414, in contrast to the 160 annual works during it, with a significant decrease in the mean number of presentations per area from 27.6 (± 18.8) to 10.7 (± 8.69) (p < 0.001), without differences in their percentages of participation with respect to the total (p = 0.776). Conclusion: Coloproctology and Gastroesophageal Surgery are the most represented surgical areas. Although the contemporary period of the coronavirus pandemic meant a decrease in presentations, no change was observed in the percentage of participation in any particular area.

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ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the first ten epidemiology conferences held by ABRASCO between 1990 and 2017. Objective: To provide historical records of these events, highlighting the context in which they were conceived, the chosen themes and their role in the national and international epidemiological landscape, the venues, and the presidents of the different editions. Methods: Data were extracted from printed and electronic proceedings, with some data gaps that could not be filled. Results: The numbers and characteristics of different activities are also presented, with emphasis on conferences and roundtables, lectures, panels and debates, and the collaboration of the academic and professional community for coordinated communications and posters outlining a wide range of themes and approaches. This paper keeps record of most of the activities carried out. Conclusions: The authors are aware that the record presented is a pale picture of the real meaning of these meetings in which the development of epidemiology was being built, in an articulation between scholars and health services and as a cooperation between national researchers and our companions and friends who work in foreign institutions all around the world.

RESUMO: O artigo trata dos primeiros dez congressos de epidemiologia realizados pela Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, entre 1990 e 2017. Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é prover um registro histórico desses eventos destacando o contexto no qual eles foram concebidos, os temas adotados e seu sentido quanto ao panorama nacional e internacional da disciplina, as sedes e os presidentes das diferentes edições. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos dos anais impressos ou eletrônicos dos congressos, havendo alguns lapsos nos dados que não puderam ser preenchidos. Resultados: São também apresentados os números e as características das diferentes atividades, com destaque para conferências e mesas-redondas, palestra, painéis e debates e para a colaboração da comunidade acadêmica e profissional para comunicações coordenadas e pôsteres, traçando um amplo painel de temas e abordagens. O artigo registra a maioria das atividades desenvolvidas. Conclusão: Os autores têm consciência de que o registro apresentado é uma pálida imagem do real significado desses encontros, nos quais o desenvolvimento da epidemiologia foi sendo construída na articulação entre a academia e os serviços de saúde e na cooperação entre pesquisadores nacionais e nossos colegas e amigos que atuam em instituições estrangeiras em diferentes partes do mundo.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the profile and publication rate of abstracts in indexed journals presented in the cornea section at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting and to further identify potential predictive factors for better outcomes. Methods: Abstracts accepted for presentation at the 2013 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting in the cornea section were sought via PubMed and Scopus to identify whether they had been published as full-text manuscripts. First author's name, time of publication, journal's name, and impact factor were recorded. A multivariate regression was performed to explore the association between variables and both the likelihood of publication and the journal's impact factor. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the time course of publication of abstracts. Results: Of the 939 analyzed abstracts, 360 (38.3%) were published in journals with a median impact factor of 3.4. The median time interval between abstract submission and article publication was 22 months. The multivariate analysis revealed that abstracts were more likely to be published if they were funded (OR=1.482, p=0.005), had a control group (OR=1.511, p=0.016), and had a basic science research scope (OR=1.388, p=0.020). The journal's impact factor was higher in funded studies (β=0.163, p=0.002) but lower in multicenter studies (β=-0.170, p=0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed significant differences in the publication time distribution for basic science vs clinical abstracts (χ2=7.636), controlled vs uncontrolled studies (χ2=6.921), and funded vs unfunded research (χ2=13.892) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Almost 40% of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology abstracts were published within 5 years from submission. Funding support, basic research scope, and controlled design were the determinants of better outcomes of publication.(AU)

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil e a taxa de publicação em periódicos indexados de resumos apresentados na seção de córnea da reunião anual da Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology - ARVO, para identificar potenciais fatores preditivos com objetivo de obter melhores resultados. Métodos: Artigos que foram aceitos para apresentação no encontro anual da Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology - ARVO 2013 na seção de córnea foram pesquisados via PubMed e Scopus para identificar se haviam sido publicados como manuscritos com texto integral. Nome do primeiro autor, data de publicação, nome da revista e fator de impacto foram registrados. Foi feita uma regressão multivariada para estabelecer uma associação entre as variáveis e a chance de publicação e o fator de impacto da revista. Foi utilizado o método Kaplan-Meier para analisar o tempo da apresentação até a publicação dos artigos. Resultados: Dos 939 artigos analisados, 360 (38.3%) foram publicados em revistas com um fator de impacto médio de 3.4. O intervalo de tempo entre a submissão do resumo e a publicação do artigo teve como mediana 22 meses. Na análise multivariada, resumos tinham mais chance de publicação se tinham algum tipo de financiamento (OR=1.482, p=0.005), tinham grupo controle (OR=1.511, p=0.016) e estavam no âmbito da pesquisa científica básica (OR+1.388, p=0.020). O fator de impacto da revista era maior em estudos financiados (β=0.163, p=0.002) e mais baixo naqueles multicêntricos (β=-0.170, p=0.001). A análise Kaplan-Meier mostrou diferenças significativas na distribuição de tempo até a publicação de resumos de ciência básica vs clínicos (χ2=7.636), com grupo controle vs sem grupo controle (χ2=6.921) e financiados vs não financiados (χ2=13.892) (p<0.05). Conclusão: Aproximadamente 40% dos resumos apresentados no encontro da Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology - ARVO foram publicados dentro de 5 anos da submissão. Financiamento, pesquisa no âmbito da ciência básica e presença de grupo controle foram fatores determinantes para melhores resultados em relação à chance de publicação.(AU)

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RESUMEN muy poco se conoce y apenas existe documentación sobre lo que la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria ha realizado en la provincia y en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Por ser tan importante esta temática como parte del rescate de la memoria histórica de la organización estudiantil, constituye un reto investigar y escribirla. Describir algunos apuntes históricos del inicio y desarrollo de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, durante una primera etapa. Se describen algunos de los principales hechos vinculados al trabajo de los miembros de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de las carreras de ciencias médicas de Matanzas, se recopiló información sobre sus dirigentes estudiantiles, eventos académicos, científicos, culturales, juegos deportivos, entre otros, desde los años iniciales de la educación médica superior en la provincia hasta el comienzo de la década del 90. La historia de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios, en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, refleja el papel desempeñado por la organización, sus miembros y dirigentes, lo que la hace rejuvenecer cada año, con las nuevas generaciones que la integran (AU).

SUMMARY Very little is known and there is hardly any documentation on what the University Students Federation (FEU by its Spanish initialism) has done in the province and at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Because this theme is so important as part of the rescue of the historical memory of the student's organization, it is a challenge to investigate and write it. To provide some historical notes on the beginning and development of the University Student Federation in the current University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas, during a first stage. The authors described some of the main facts related to the work of the members of the University Students Federation of the medical sciences degree courses of Matanzas; they collected information about its student leaders, academic, scientific, cultural events, sports games, among others, from the initial years of higher medical education in the province until the beginning of the 90s.The history of the University Students Federation at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences mirrors the role played by the organization, its members and leaders, rejuvenating it every year, with the new generations joining it in (AU).

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves (Spine Summit). METHODS: The authors used a search algorithm in PubMed to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at the Spine Summit from 2007 to 2012. The variables assessed were presentation modality, topic, meeting year, publication year, destiny journal and its 5-year impact factor (IF), country, and citation count (retrieved from the Scopus database). RESULTS: One thousand four hundred thirty-six abstracts were analyzed; 502 were oral presentations and 934 were digital poster presentations. The publication rate was 53.97% (775/1436). The mean time from presentation to publication was 1.35 ± 1.97 years (95% CI 1.21-1.49 years). The mean citation count of published articles was 40.55 ± 55.21 (95% CI 36.66-44.44). Oral presentations had a higher publication rate (71.51%, 359/502) than digital posters (44.54%, 416/934; OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.48-3.95, p < 0.001). Oral presentations had a higher number of citations (55.51 ± 69.00, 95% CI 48.35-62.67) than digital posters (27.64 ± 34.88, 95% CI 24.28-31.00, p < 0.001). The mean IF of published articles was 3.48 ± 2.91 (95% CI 3.27-3.70). JNS: Spine (191/775, 24.64%), Spine (103/775, 13.29%), and Neurosurgery (56/775, 7.23%) had the greatest number of published articles. The US represented the highest number of published articles (616/775, 79.48%). CONCLUSIONS: The publication rate of the Spine Summit is among the highest compared to other spine meetings. Many of the abstracts initially presented at the meeting are further published in high-IF journals and had a high citation count. Therefore, the Spine Summit maintains its high standards of scientific papers, which reflects the high quality of the research performed in the spine surgery field in North America.

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RESUMEN Después de la creación en 1953 de la Sociedad Cubana de Endocrinología, la actividad científica más importante en esta primera etapa fue la realización de las reuniones anuales. Como continuación de esas reuniones, a partir de la década de los ochenta del siglo pasado se inició de forma regular la realización de los congresos cubanos de endocrinología. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir el programa científico de las reuniones anuales de la Sociedad Cubana de Endocrinología. Se utilizó el método empírico de revisión documental de las actas de la Sociedad Cubana de Endocrinología en su primera etapa de creación, así como los programas de las reuniones anuales de la sociedad y de los congresos cubanos de endocrinología. Se realizaron tres reuniones anuales la primera el 16 de octubre de 1955 en Matanzas, la segunda el 29 de octubre de 1956 en Pinar del Río y la tercera el 11 de abril de 1959 en el Club de Leones de Marianao en La Habana. Entre los temas más tratados estaban la diabetes mellitus (40,4 por ciento de los trabajos presentados), misceláneas (21,4 por ciento), salud reproductiva (16,6 por ciento) y afecciones del tiroides (9,5 por ciento). Los médicos de mayor participación fueron Julio F. Schutte, Tomas Duran Quevedo, Manuel M. Villaverde, A. Ruiz Leiro y Genaro Suárez. La Sociedad Cubana de Endocrinología en la segunda etapa de trabajo desarrolló nueve congresos. La Sociedad Cubana de Endocrinología desde su fundación promovió la realización de reuniones científicas denominadas reuniones anuales, donde los médicos dedicados a estos temas presentaban lo más novedoso de sus investigaciones. Como continuación de esas reuniones, pero en un escenario social y científico diferente, se inició la realización regular de los congresos cubanos de endocrinología(AU)

ABSTRACT After the creation, in 1953, of the Cuban Society of Endocrinology, the most important scientific activity in this first stage was the holding of annual meetings. As a continuation of these meetings, starting in the 1980s, the Cuban congresses on endocrinology began on a regular basis. The objetive of the investigation was to describe the scientific program of the Annual Meetings of the Cuban Society of Endocrinology. The empirical method of documentary review was used, to search through the minutes of the Cuban Society of Endocrinology in its first stage of creation, as well as the programs of the Annual Meetings of the Society and of the Cuban congresses on endocrinology. Three annual meetings were held: the first one, on October 16, 1955, in Matanzas; the second one, on October 29, 1956, in Pinar del Río; the third one, on April 11, 1959, at Club de Leones in Marianao Municipality, Havana. Among the most addressed topics were diabetes mellitus (40.4 percent of the papers presented), miscellaneous issues (21.4 percent), reproductive health (16.6 percent), and thyroid-related conditions (9.5 percent). The physicians with the highest participation were Julio F. Schutte, Tomas Duran Quevedo, Manuel M. Villaverde, A Ruiz Leiro, and Genaro Suarez. The Cuban Society of Endocrinology, in its second stage of work, developed nine Cuban congresses on endocrinology. Since its creation, the Cuban Society of Endocrinology promoted the holding of scientific meetings called Annual Meetings, in which doctors dedicated to these issues presented the most innovative topics from among their research. As a continuation of these meetings, but in a different social and scientific setting, the regular holding of the Cuban congresses on endocrinology began(AU)

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RESUMEN En este artículo se plantea la necesidad de reflexionar acerca de la ubicación que las prácticas de laboratorio tienen en el programa de las asignaturas básicas biomédicas. Se ofrecen algunas valoraciones sobre las bondades de esta forma organizativa para que los estudiantes adquieran conocimientos procedimentales y desarrollen capacidades que les permitan mayor independencia cognoscitiva sobre todo en semestres más avanzados de la carrera. Se dejan abiertas nuevas interrogantes acerca de si este posicionamiento pudiera modificar o no, la postura del docente como investigador en el aula y en consecuencia ejercer influencias autónomas para el desarrollo de las comentadas capacidades en los estudiantes, en concordancia con las exigencias de los nuevos planes de estudio.

ABSTRACT This article raises the need to reflect on laboratory practice location in the program of basic biomedical subjects. Some elements are offered about the benefits of this organizational form so that students acquire procedural knowledge and develop capacities that allow more cognitive independence, especially in more advanced semesters of the academic program. New questions are made about whether this positioning could modify or not, the teacher´s position as a classroom researcher and consequently exercise autonomous influences for the development of the aforementioned abilities in the students, in accordance with the requirements of the new academic formation plans.

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Resumen: El Congreso Europeo de Cardiología constituye uno de los eventos más relevantes de la comunidad cardiológica mundial. Fue realizado entre el 31 de agosto y el 4 de setiembre en el corazón de París, siendo el tema central la salud cardiovascular global. Como es habitual, contó con la presencia de más de 30.000 profesionales y destacados invitados. Se presentaron actualizaciones de varias guías de práctica clínica e importantes trabajos científicos que sin duda impactarán en el tratamiento de los pacientes con patología cardiovascular. A continuación realizaremos un breve resumen de algunos de los trabajos presentados: - A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: DAPA-HF - Complete revascularization with multivessel PCI for myocardial infarction: the COMPLETE Trial - Angiotensin-neprylysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PARAGON-HF - Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation with stable coronary disease: the AFIRE Investigators - Ticagrelor or prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: the ISAR-REACT 5 Trial

Summary: The European Congress of Cardiology is one of the most relevant events of the world cardiology community. It was held from August 31 to September 4 in the heart of Paris, France, the central theme being global cardiovascular health. As usual, it was attended by more than 30,000 professionals and prominent guests. Updates of several clinical practice guides and important scientific papers were presented. These undoubtedly will impact in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular pathology. Below we present a brief summary of some of the trials presented: - A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: DAPA-HF - Complete revascularization with multivessel PCI for myocardial infarction: the COMPLETE Trial - Angiotensin-neprylysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PARAGON-HF - Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation with stable coronary disease: the AFIRE Investigators - Ticagrelor or prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: the ISAR-REACT 5 Trial

Sumário: O Congresso Europeu de Cardiologia é um dos eventos mais relevantes da comunidade mundial de cardiologia. Foi realizada de 31 de agosto ao 4 de setembro no coração de Paris, na França, o tema central foi a saúde cardiovascular global. Como sempre, participaram mais de 30.000 profissionais e convidados de destaque. Atualizações de vários guias de prática clínica e importantes artigos científicos foram apresentados que, sem dúvida, impactarão o tratamento de pacientes com patologia cardiovascular. Abaixo, faremos um breve resumo de alguns trials apresentados: - A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: DAPA-HF - Complete revascularization with multivessel PCI for myocardial infarction: the COMPLETE Trial - Angiotensin-neprylysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PARAGON-HF - Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation with stable coronary disease: the AFIRE Investigators - Ticagrelor or prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: the ISAR-REACT 5 Trial

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Resumen: Como todos los años, en esta oportunidad se celebró el 68º Congreso del Colegio Americano de Cardiología (ACC, por su sigla en inglés) entre los días 16 y 18 de marzo en Nueva Orleans, Luisiana. Ambientado en la ciudad del Mardi Gras y el jazz, nuevamente convocó a la cardiología mundial para promover el conocimiento a través de la presentación de múltiples actividades científicas. Contó con la presencia de más de 16.000 asistentes y se recibieron 2.300 artículos, muchos de los cuales, sin duda, modificarán la práctica clínica actual. Cabe destacar, asimismo, la presentación de la Guía de Prevención Primaria de la Enfermedad Cardiovascular, donde resalta el casi total abandono del ácido acetilsalicílico en prevención primaria debido a la falta de beneficio neto. Realizaremos un breve resumen de algunos de los principales trabajos científicos presentados: - Antithrombotic Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome or PCI in Atrial Fibrillation - The AUGUSTUS Trial - Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients - The PARTNER 3 trial - The Safety and Efficacy of Femoral Access in STEMI: The SAFARI-STEMI Trial - One-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Followed by Clopidogrel Monotherapy versus Standard 12-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Clopidogrel After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation. STOP-DAPT 2 Trial - Results of a Large-scale, App-based Study to Identify Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartwatch: The Apple Heart Study

Summary: As every year, on this occasion the 68th Congress of the American College of Cardiology was held from March 16 to 18 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Set in the city of Mardi Gras and jazz, it once again called on global cardiology to promote knowledge through the presentation of multiple scientific activities. It counted with the presence of more than 16.000 attendees and 2.300 articles were received, many of which will undoubtedly modify the current clinical practice. It is also worth mentioning the presentation of the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Guideline, which highlights the almost total discontinuation of acetylsalicylic acid in primary prevention due to the lack of net benefit. We will make a brief summary of some of the main scientific papers presented: - Antithrombotic Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome or PCI in Atrial Fibrillation - The AUGUSTUS Trial - Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients - The PARTNER 3 trial - The Safety and Efficacy of Femoral Access in STEMI: The SAFARI-STEMI Trial - One-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Followed by Clopidogrel Monotherapy versus Standard 12-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Clopidogrel After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation. STOP-DAPT 2 Trial - Results of a Large-scale, App-based Study to Identify Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartwatch: The Apple Heart Study

Resumo: Como todos os anos, nesta ocasião, o 68º Congresso do Colégio Americano de Cardiologia (ACC após sua sigla em inglês) foi realizado de 16 a 18 de março em Nova Orleans, Louisiana. Situado na cidade do Mardi Gras e jazz, mais uma vez convidou a cardiologia do mondo para promover o conhecimento através da apresentação de múltiplas atividades científicas. Contou com a presença de mais de 16.000 participantes e 2.300 artigos recebidos, muitos dos quais sem dúvida modificarão a prática clínica atual. Também vale ressaltar a apresentação da Diretriz para a Prevenção Primária de Doenças Cardiovasculares, que destaca o quase total abandono do ácido acetilsalicílico na prevenção primária devido à falta de benefício líquido. Faremos um breve resumo de alguns dos principais trabalhos científicos apresentados: - Antithrombotic Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome or PCI in Atrial Fibrillation - The AUGUSTUS Trial - Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients - The PARTNER 3 trial - The Safety and Efficacy of Femoral Access in STEMI: The SAFARI-STEMI Trial - One-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Followed by Clopidogrel Monotherapy versus Standard 12-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Clopidogrel After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation. STOP-DAPT 2 Trial - Results of a Large-scale, App-based Study to Identify Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartwatch: The Apple Heart Study

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Resumen: El Congreso de la American Heart Association 2018 tuvo lugar en la ciudad de Chicago, Illinois, del 10 al 12 de noviembre. Contó con múltiples novedades, se presentaron tres nuevas guías de recomendaciones (abordaje de las bradicardias y trastornos de conducción, actividad física, y tal vez la más esperada, la nueva guía de tratamiento de las dislipemias). Al revisar las recomendaciones de 2013, los expertos norteamericanos introdujeron varios cambios, el más importante de los cuales quizá sea disminuir la trascendencia que se le da al cálculo del riesgo a diez años para volver a enfocarse en la meta de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), bajo la premisa de que cuanto más bajo, mejor. Realizaremos un breve resumen de algunos de los principales trabajos científicos presentados durante este evento que, sin duda, tendrán una influencia importante en el futuro próximo de la cardiología mundial. - Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial - REDUCE-IT. - Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease - VITAL. - Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Primary Results of the PIONEER - HF Randomized Controlled Trial. - Pre-hospital Resuscitation Intra-arrest Cooling Effectiveness Survival Study - the PRINCESS Trial.

Summary: The American Heart Association 2018 Congress was held in the city of Chicago, Illinois, from November 10 to 12. There were many news, three new recommendations guidelines were presented (approach to bradycardia and driving disorders, physical activity, and perhaps the most anticipated, the new treatment guide for dyslipidemia). In reviewing the 2013 recommendations, US experts introduced several changes, the most important of which may be to reduce the significance of the 10-year risk calculation to refocus on the LDL goal, under the premise of that the lower, the better. We will make a brief summary of some of the main scientific papers presented during this event that will undoubtedly have an important influence in the near future of global cardiology. - Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial - REDUCE-IT. - Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease - VITAL. - Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Primary Results of the PIONEER-HF Randomized Controlled Trial. - Pre-hospital Resuscitation Intra-arrest Cooling Effectiveness Survival Study - the PRINCESS Trial.

Resumo: O Congresso da American Heart Association 2018 foi realizado na cidade de Chicago, Illinois, de 10 a 12 de novembro. Havia muitos novos recursos, três novos guias de recomendações foram apresentados (abordagem para bradicardia e transtornos de direção, atividade física e talvez o mais aguardado, o novo guia de tratamento para dislipidemia). Ao rever as recomendações de 2013, os especialistas norte-americanos introduziram várias mudanças, a mais importante das quais pode ser reduzir a significância do cálculo do risco de 10 anos para reorientar a meta de LDL, sob a premissa de que quanto menor, melhor. Faremos um breve resumo de alguns dos principais trabalhos científicos apresentados durante este evento que, sem dúvida, terão uma influência importante no futuro próximo da cardiologia global. - Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial - REDUCE-IT. - Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease - VITAL. - Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Primary Results of the PIONEER - HF Randomized Controlled Trial. - Pre-hospital Resuscitation Intra-arrest Cooling Effectiveness Survival Study - the PRINCESS Trial.

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Introducción. Hemos ingresado en una nueva era en la forma de comunicación y en la difusión de los contenidos que se generan en las diferentes reuniones y congresos científicos de Medicina y Cirugía.Objetivo. Analizar los resultados de la difusión en Twitter™ del XLIV Congreso Nacional "Avances en Cirugía" realizado en Cartagena, Colombia, del 14 al 17 de agosto de 2018.Método. Se recopilaron los datos obtenidos por la pagina Symplur.com en el XLIV Congreso Nacional "Avances en Cirugía" con la etiqueta (hashtag) #CirugíaColombiana.Resultados. Se generaron 761 tuits (tweets) durante todo el tiempo que duró el congreso, con 178 participantes activos en Twitter™, los cuales representan el 10,8 % del total de asistentes al congreso, con una relación de nueve asistentes por cada participante en Twitter™. En cuanto a la media de tuits por usuario, fue de cuatro y la cantidad de impresiones fue de 1 ́250.000. A medida que el congreso fue avanzando, aumentó el número de tuits, hasta el más alto, un total de 230, el 16 de agosto.Discusión. El uso de twitter como herramienta de difusión por los cirujanos colombianos fue similar al publicado en otras series; sin embargo, son mediciones desde 2013, en las cuales la participación y actividad han aumentado progresivamente. La canalización de los contenidos por medio de una etiqueta común permite la interacción asincrónica de todos los participantes, rompiendo las barreras de comunicación entre los mismos

Introduction: We have entered a new era in the form of communication and the dissemination of the contents generated in the different meetings and scientific conferences of medicine and surgeryObjective: Analyze the results of the Twitter® broadcast of the 44th National Congress "Advances in Surgery" held in Cartagena - Colombia from August 14 to 17, 2018.Methods: The data obtained by Symplur.com page was compiled in the 44th National Congress "Advances in Surgery" held in Cartagena - Colombia from August 14 to 17, 2018, labeled with the Hashtag #Colombian Surgery.Results: 761 Tweets were generated during the whole time the conference lasted, with 178 active participants on Twitter which represent 10.8% of the total of attendees to the congress, with a ratio of 9 attendees for each parti-cipant on Twitter. As for the average of Tweets per user was 4 and the number of impressions was 1'250,000. As the conference progressed there was more activity in the number of Tweets being the highest point on August 16 with a total of 230 Tweets.Discussion: The use of Twitter as a dissemination tool by Colombian surgeons was similar to that published in other series, however, they are measurements since 2013, in which we have seen how participation and activity increases progressively. The channeling of the contents through a common Hashtag allows the asynchronous interaction of all the participants breaking communication barriers between them

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El presente artículo, mediante un enfoque desde los problemas sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología, tiene como objetivos fundamentar a nivel teórico la comprensión del cambio de color de que es objeto la llamada literatura gris, particularmente en el segmento de esta que corresponde a los trabajos finales de investigación, así como identificar los aspectos que, desde lo social, conforman dicho cambio. La investigación identifica aquellos elementos constitutivos del concepto literatura gris que ya no resultan atributos adjudicables al segmento objeto de estudio, así como el deseo o aspiración de los titulados de poder publicar sus obras en toda su magnitud y con total reconocimiento de sus pares, en consonancia con la pléyade de opciones que hacen posible la publicación de tales investigaciones, algunas en cumplimiento cabal de las exigencias académicas y otras dotadas de un tinte mucho más mercantil y dirigidas a la mera difusión acrítica de las obras.

This article, through an approach from the problems of science and technology, is aimed at promoting the theoretical level of understanding the change of color of the so called gray literature, mainly in the segment corresponding to the final research works, so as to identify the aspects which from the social point of view ,  define such change. Research identifies those constituting elements of the concept "gray literature"  that are no longer attributable to the segment under study. In addition the claim of the graduates to be able to publish their works in all their magnitude with the total acknowledgement of their pairs, in agreement with the great options fro their publication. Some are in consonance with academic demands and others with a moremarketing style and aimed at non-critical work diffusion.

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Abstract In the last decade the presence of Brazilian physicians in International Meetings of Dermatology has been expressive. In parallel it has also been expressive the submission of poster abstracts in those Meetings. Considering the meetings from 2005 to 2013, 379 posters were presented in meetings of the American Academy of Dermatology. Brazilian universities were the origin of 59.9%. The Brazilian Society of Dermatology's recognized residency programs were the origin of 69.9% of the presented posters. Considering the period from 2005 to 2010 (n = 165 posters) the papers effectively published were 19 (11.5%).

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Una vez celebrado el VI Congreso Mundial por los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (México, 2014) el presente artículo se interesa no tanto por relatarnos lo que podría calificarse como la historia de los Congresos Mundiales por los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia, que vienen celebrándose ininterrumpidamente de forma bianual desde el año 2003, sino que viene a ofrecernos una visión más dinámica de los mismos, acercándonos a la realidad de los llamados Pre-Congresos Mundiales, eventos, como su nombre indica, previos a los Congresos Mundiales, cuya finalidad primordial es la de proveer al gran encuentro final de un trabajo de reflexión a un nivel más regional o local, a la vez que dotarlo de documentación y experiencias que lo nutran y enriquezcan.

Following the Sixth World Congress on Children and Adolescent Rights (Mexico, 2014), this article has focused not on describing the history of these World Congresses that have been held biannually since 2003, but in engaging in a more dynamic view through analyzing the reality of the Pre-World Congress events. As the name suggests, these are held before the World Congress and have the purpose is to develop reflective exercises at a more local and regional level that provide documentation and experiences that support and enrich the World Congress.

Uma vez celebrado o VI Congresso Mundial pelos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente (México, 2014), este artigo tem interesse não tanto em relatar o que poderia se qualificar como a história dos Congressos Mundiais pelos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, que são realizados continuamente a cada dois anos desde 2003, mas sim em oferecer uma visão mais dinâmica desse assunto, aproximando-se da realidade dos chamados Pré-Congressos Mundiais, eventos realizados, como o nome sugere, antes dos Congressos Mundiais, cujo objetivo principal é fornecer a reunião final de um trabalho de reflexão a nível regional ou local, bem como promovê-lo com a documentação e experiências que o fomentam e enriquecem.

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Objetivo Presentar el nuevo instrumento de valoración de resúmenes que se aplica desde 2014 en los congresos de la SCCh, de forma tal de estandarizar su aplicación ítem por ítem. Material y método Estudio bietápico con metodología cualitativa para generación de ítems y construcción de instrumentos de medición. En la primera etapa se realizó recopilación de ítems a partir de una revisión de la literatura. En la segunda se construyó el instrumento, aplicando reducción de ítems a través de un panel de expertos. Así, se generó la validación de contenido. El panel de expertos estuvo compuesto por 6 integrantes (3 epidemiólogos clínicos y 3 académicos, miembros de la SCCh), todos con grado de Magíster o Doctor y experiencia en investigación. Se aplicó estrategia cualitativa mediante técnica Delphi; luego se presentó el borrador a un panel de expertos distinto al anterior, oportunidad en la que se discutió la propuesta, se afinó la fraseología de los ítems y dominios y se definió el instrumento definitivo. Resultados Los ítems generados en la primera etapa (15), se agruparon en 5 dominios: introducción, material y método, resultados, conclusión, importancia, originalidad e interes del estudio; y presentación general. Al aplicar el cuestionario al segundo panel de expertos, se redujeron ítems y se adicionó otro. Así, se construyó el instrumento definitivo, compuesto por 10 ítems, agrupados en 6 dominios. Conclusión Se presenta una descripción pormenorizada de la escala y una guía para su aplicación, lo que permitirá conferir una adecuada confiabilidad de las mediciones.

Objective The aim of this article is to present the new instrument for evaluating congress abstracts of SCCh, in use from 2014, so as to standardize its application item by item. Material and method Two-stage study with qualitative methodology for generating items and construction of the measuring instrument. In the first stage a collection of items was based on a review of the literature. In the second, the instrument was built by applying reduction items through a panel of experts. Thus, content validity was determined. The expert panel consisted of 6 members. Three clinical epidemiologists and three members of the SCCh. All with Master's degree or PhD and research experience. Qualitative strategy is applied by Delphi technique; after the draft was presented to a panel of experts other than the above, at a meeting of ad-hoc working group, organized by the SCCh; at which time the proposal was discussed, the wording of items and domains was refined based on examples and the final instrument defined. Results The items generated in the first stage (n = 15), who finished with the second draft; were grouped into 5 domains: introduction, material and method, results, conclusion, importance, originality and interest of the study; and overall presentation. When applying the questionnaire to the second panel of experts, a reduction items was generated and an item is added. Thus, the final instrument was composed of 10 items, grouped into 6 domains was constructed. Conclusion A detailed description of the scale and guidelines for its implementation is presented, which will confer adequate reliability of the measurements.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction:The medical congresses are an efficient way, although restricted, to expose the scientific production of a particular specialty. However, the number of complete articles published resulting from papers presented at congresses and published as abstracts is much lower than the number of papers presented during the meetings.Objective:Scale the number of complete articles published and indexed in online databases, from 2012 to January 2015, originally presented at the 28th Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia (28th Brazilian Congress of Pathology) and the 28th Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Patología (28th Latin American Society of Pathology Congress).Material and method:In the meetings mentioned 701 papers were presented and their abstracts published in the congresses annals. An observational retrospective study was conducted consulting the following biomedical databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and US National Library of Medicine on the National Institutes of Health (PubMed), with the help of the Google search engine, based on the article title and the list of authors.Results:From 701 studies analyzed, 635 (90.6%) were from Brazilian institutions, 60 (8.6%) from foreign institutions, and six (0.8%) did not identified their home institutions. There were found 63 (8.8%) complete articles published and indexed to consulted databases. International journals were the destination of 38 (60.3%) publications.Conclusion:The number of complete articles published in Pathology area arising from the papers presented in the studied meetings in the first three years after the meetings is relatively small. This number is low compared with other international conferences; however, it is higher than some Brazilian medical congresses analyzed in similar studies.

RESUMOIntrodução:Os congressos médicos são um meio eficiente, embora restrito, de expor a produção científica de uma determinada especialidade. Entretanto, o número de artigos completos publicados resultantes dos trabalhos apresentados em congressos e publicados como resumos é muito inferior ao número dos trabalhos apresentados durante os eventos.Objetivo:Dimensionar o número de artigos completos publicados e indexados em bases de dados virtuais, no período de 2012 a janeiro de 2015, apresentados originalmente no XXVIII Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia e no XXVIII Congreso de La Sociedade Latinoamericana de Patología.Material e método:Nos eventos mencionados, foram apresentados 701 trabalhos e seus resumos publicados nos anais do congresso. Efetuou-se um estudo retrospectivo observacional consultando as seguintes bases de dados biomédicas: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e US National Library of Medicine do National Institutes of Health (PubMed), com o auxílio do buscador Google, tomando por base o título do trabalho e a lista de autores.Resultados:Dos 701 trabalhos analisados, 635 (90,6%) eram originados de instituições brasileiras, 60 (8,6%), de instituições estrangeiras e em seis (0,8%) não foram identificadas as instituições de origem. Foram encontrados 63 (8,8%) trabalhos completos publicados e indexados às bases de dados consultadas. As revistas internacionais foram o destino de 38 (60,3%) publicações.Conclusão:É relativamente pequeno o número de artigos completos publicados na área de Patologia, resultantes dos trabalhos apresentados nos eventos estudados, nos três primeiros anos após a realização do evento. Esse número é baixo, quando comparado com o de outros congressos internacionais, contudo, é superior ao de alguns congressos médicos brasileiros analisados em estudos semelhantes.