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Introduction: This study aimed to identify what indigenous university students in Brazil perceived to be important and feasible actions to protect the survival of indigenous peoples from climate change-related impacts. Methods: Concept mapping, which is a participatory mixed methodology, was conducted virtually with 20 indigenous students at two universities in Brazil. A focus prompt was developed from consultations with indigenous stakeholders and read "To protect the survival of the Indigenous Peoples from climate change, it is necessary to ". Students brainstormed 46 statements, which they then sorted into clusters based on conceptual similarity. They rated each statement for importance and feasibility. Quantitative multivariate analyses of clusters and ratings were conducted to produce multiple visual maps of perceived actionable priorities. These analyses used the Group Wisdom TM software. Results: Students agreed on 8 clusters that reflect the factors that influence the survival of indigenous peoples-preservation of lands 0.16 (SD 0.13), protection of demarcated lands 0.31 (SD 0.10), indigenous health and wellbeing 0.35 (SD 0.14), ancestral customs 0.46 (SD 0.04), global and national actions 0.61 (SD 0.13), indigenous rights 0.64 (SD 0.23), collective living 0.71 (SD 0.21), and respect 0.75 (SD 0.14). Discussion: The most actionable priorities are related to the respect for their lands and customs, educational initiatives in schools about the importance of indigenous peoples to society, guarantees for basic health rights, and culturally appropriate provision of care, with specific mention of mental healthcare. The findings aligned closely with the concept of indigenous self-determination, which is rooted in autonomy and respect for cultural diversity, and the right to make decisions that impact their lives, land, and resources.
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Mudança Climática , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Brasil , Universidades , Direitos Humanos , Povos Indígenas , EstudantesRESUMO
Background: The alarming increase in annual deforestation rates has had devastating consequences in climate change, and it is affecting Indigenous people, who depend entirely on the land for survival and has also weakened the rainforest's crucial role in stabilizing the global climate. Recognizing and respecting Indigenous people's needs and social, economic, and historical conditions influence health and healthcare. This study aimed to conduct online concept mapping workshops with university students to identify perceived important and feasible actions for improving the mental health of Indigenous people living in their territory in association with climate change. Methods: Concept mapping, a participatory mixed methodology, was conducted virtually with 20 Indigenous students at two universities in Brazil. A focus prompt was developed from consultations with Indigenous stakeholders and read-"To improve the mental health of Indigenous peoples in their territory during climate change crises, it is necessary to ." Results: University students organized 42 unique statements in 6 clusters that cover a wide range of topics: family support, 0.68 (SD 0.19); respect and understanding, 0.37 (SD 0.08); improvement actions, 0.52 (SD 0.07); public policies in favor of Indigenous people's mental health, 0.24 (0.09); health actions, 0.15 (SD 0.08); Indigenous training in health and its importance in improving mental health 0.32 (SD 0.07). Conclusion: These clusters range from community initiatives, public policies, health actions, and strengthening professional services in Indigenous communities. These all provide numerous concrete ideas for developing interventions designed to address mental health challenges associated with climate change.
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BACKGROUND: In 2015, following a call for proposals from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), six scoping reviews on the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in urban areas were conducted. Those reviews provided a clear picture of the available knowledge and highlighted knowledge gaps, as well as needs and opportunities for future research. Based on the research findings of the scoping reviews, a concept mapping exercise was undertaken to produce a list of priority research needs to be addressed. METHODS: Members of the six research teams responsible for the "VEctor boRne DiseAses Scoping reviews" (VERDAS) consortium's scoping reviews met for 2 days with decision-makers from Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Pan-American Health Organization, and World Health Organization. A total of 11 researchers and seven decision-makers (from ministries of health, city and regional vector control departments, and vector control programs) completed the concept mapping, answering the question: "In view of the knowledge synthesis and your own expertise, what do we still need to know about vector-borne diseases and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban areas?" Participants rated each statement on two scales from 1 to 5, one relative to 'priority' and the other to 'policy relevance', and grouped statements into clusters based on their own individual criteria and expertise. RESULTS: The final map consisted of 12 clusters. Participants considered those entitled "Equity", "Technology", and "Surveillance" to have the highest priority. The cluster considered the most important concerns equity issues, confirming that these issues are rarely addressed in research on vector-borne diseases. On the other hand, the "Population mobility" and "Collaboration" clusters were considered to be the lowest priority but remained identified by participants as research priorities. The average policy relevance scores for each of the 12 clusters were roughly the same as the priority scores for all clusters. Some issues were not addressed during the brain-storming. This is the case for governance and for access and quality of care. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this work, and adopting a participatory approach, the concept mapping exercise conducted collaboratively with researchers from these teams and high-level decision-makers identified research themes for which studies should be carried out as a priority.
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Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Saúde da População Urbana , Brasil , Colômbia , Feminino , Política de Saúde , Prioridades em Saúde , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Colaboração Intersetorial , Masculino , Peru , Saúde da População Urbana/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
This study aims to identify whether the use of concept mapping (CM) strategy assists a student to extend and revise their expertise in oncology and analyze the abilities developed in a student in order to go through theoretical to practical knowledge. This study is descriptive and qualitative, with 20 undergraduate students of the Undergraduate Nursing Course of Paulista School of Nursing of Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. The critical incident technique and content analysis were used. There were 12 categories represented by facilities, difficulties, and learning applicability in oncology provided by CM strategy during the surgical and clinical nursing discipline. The graphics resource, CMapTools®, and the clinical case data arranged in mapping for resolution generated an active search and exercise of self-learning in oncology. Despite the challenges of the use of CM as a teaching strategy-pedagogical, the results suggested an increase of autonomy and clinical reasoning in nursing practice.
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Competência Clínica/normas , Formação de Conceito , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Aprendizagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comparar el rendimiento en el aprendizaje de alumnos que se prepararon la oposición para el acceso el cuerpo de profesorado de secundaria en la especialidad de Educación Física, tras recibir la formación de distintos bloques temáticos de anatomía y fisiología a través de diferentes métodos en enseñanza-aprendizaje: mapas conceptuales (CMaps), aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) y utilización combinada de ambos métodos. Metodología: Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental, descriptivo y seccional. La muestra total se compuso por 180 estudiantes, 95 varones y 85 mujeres. Se trabajó con un grupo de 64 personas que recibieron formación a través de CMaps, otro de 61 alumnos que recibió formación a través de ABP, y un tercer grupo de 55 que trabajaron combinando ambos métodos. El instrumento de medida fue un cuestionario de evaluación tipo test para cada bloque de contenidos. Se obtuvo una medida pretest antes de la formación y otra medida después de la intervención (postest). Se han analizado las mejoras de cada grupo según el método de enseñanza aplicado y se han comparado los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de la puntuación de ganancia (postest-pretest) con T de Student para muestras relacionadas. Tras la intervención la media de respuestas correctas es superior al ochenta por ciento en los cinco bloques analizados, siendo los de fisiología y anatomía en los que más se evolucionó. El ABP ha resultado más efectivo que el CMaps, pero las mejoras más altas respecto al pretest corresponden al grupo que ha estudiado combinando CMaps+ABP. Los resultados se discutieron con otros autores, coincidiendo en la necesidad de plantearse una mayor utilización del ABP como método de enseñanza-aprendizaje y que mediante un enfoque metodológico mixto el alumnado adquiere mayores habilidades y competencias.
The aim of this study was to compare the learning achievement of students who prepared the opposition to be teachers in Secondary Education in the speciality of Physical Education, after receiving training in different thematic areas of anatomy and physiology through different teaching and learning methods: concept mapping (CMaps), problem-based learning (PBL) and combined use of both methods. Methodology: We used a quasi-experimental, descriptive and sectional methodological design. The total sample consisted of 180 students, 95 males and 85 females. We worked with a group of 64 people who received training through CMaps, another 61 students who received training PBL, and a third group of 55 which works by combining both methods. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire type assessment test for each content block. Pretest measure was obtained before training and other measures after the intervention (posttest). Improvements were analyzed in each group according to the method of teaching applied and compared the results obtained by analysis of gain scores (posttest-pretest) with T-test for related samples. Results: After intervention the mean score is above eighty percent in the five blocks analyzed, with the physiology and anatomy in the most evolved. PBL has proven more effective than CMaps, but the highest improvements, compared to pretest, are in the group that has studied combining CMaps + PBL. The results were discussed, in agreement with other authors, the need to consider greater use of PBL as a method of teaching and learning and using a mixed methodological approach students acquire greater skills and competencies.
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Adulto Jovem , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas/métodos , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Educação Física e Treinamento/métodos , Metodologia como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analizar las características de problemas del sistema de salud que obstaculizan la atención materna, según los representan y califican funcionarios en diversos puestos y contextos sociales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizaron talleres con funcionarios de estados de alta mortalidad materna en México (México, Guerrero, Oaxaca y Veracruz) y a nivel federal. Se identificaron 99 problemas en los sistemas de salud. Utilizando mapeo conceptual, 94 funcionarios calificaron los problemas según importancia y factibilidad y se agruparon en regiones. Se analizaron los datos según estado/federación y responsabilidades de los participantes. Se midió la asociación entre perfil/contexto y la priorización de las regiones. RESULTADOS: Las regiones de alta prioridad para la atención materna son infraestructura, contratación de personal y recursos financieros. La importancia de algunas regiones depende del contexto social, aunque también en parte del perfil de responsabilidades de los actores. CONCLUSIONES: Existe consenso entre actores para enfrentar los principales problemas de salud materna en México. Diferencias importantes se deben a diversos contextos. Se demostró la utilidad del mapeo conceptual para el análisis de problemas.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of problems in the health system that present barriers to maternal care, according to their representation and rating by officials in different positions and social contexts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Workshops were held with state health system officials from Mexican states with high maternal mortality (Mexico, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Veracruz) as well as with federal officials. A total of 99 health system problems were identified. Using concept mapping, 94 officials rated problems according to importance and feasibility; they were grouped into issues. Data was analyzed according to state/federal levels and the responsibilities of participants. The association was measured between responsibility profile/social context and priority issues. RESULTS: The issues of highest priority for maternal health care are infrastructure, personnel hiring and financial resources. The importance of certain issues depends on context and, to an extent, on the actors' responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS: There is consensus among actors to address the principal maternal health problems in Mexico. Important differences correspond to context. The usefulness of concept mapping to analyze problems was demonstrated.