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OBJECTIVES: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common cause of emergency department admission. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the gold standard method for identifying intra-abdominal injuries in patients experiencing blunt trauma, especially those with high-energy trauma. Although the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging technique is very high, patient admission and prolonged observation protocols are still common practices worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of intra-abdominal injury in hemodynamically stable patients with high-energy blunt trauma and a normal abdominal CT scan at a Level-1 Trauma Center in Colombia, South America, to assess the relevance of a prolonged observation period. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients admitted to the emergency department for blunt trauma between 2021 and 2022. All consecutive patients with high-energy mechanisms of trauma and a normal CT scan at admission were included. Our primary outcomes were the incidence of intra-abdominal injury identified during a 24-hour observation period or hospital stay, ICU admission, and death. RESULTS: We included 480 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 33 (IQR 25.5, 47), and 74.2% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle accidents (64.2%), falls from height (26%), and falls from bikes (3.1%). A total of 99.2% of patients had a Revised Trauma Score of 8. Only 1 patient (0.2%) (95% CI: 0.01-1.16) presented with an abdominal injury during the observation period. No ICU admissions or deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: The incidence of intra-abdominal injury in patients with hemodynamically stable blunt trauma and a negative abdominal CT scan is extremely low, and prolonged observation may not be justified in these patients.

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SUMMARY: This study evaluated the effects of ethnicity, sex, and age on the linear dimensions of the sella turcica (ST) and the pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus (SS). In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we examined digitally standardized computed tomography scans of 100 Jordanians. These study participants comprised 50 men and 50 women, and their age ranged from 23 years to 77 years. We assessed linear ST dimensions and SS pneumatization patterns and correlated this data to age and sex. Furthermore, we compared the data with different ethnic groups from previous studies. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) length, diameter, width, and depth of the ST were 9.98 (1.89) mm, 12.45 (2) mm, 11.96 (1.76) mm, and 8.38 (1.63) mm, respectively. The mean (SD) interclinoid diameter was 8.84 (2.03) mm. These measurements were not significantly correlated with sex or age. With regards to pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus, the conchal type was observed in 2 % of the study participants. Presellar involvement was observed in 30 % of the patients. The sellar and postsellar type was observed in 66 % and 2 % of patients, respectively. In our study, ST measurements did not differ significantly between the sexes. Pneumatization patterns of the SS differed from the patterns reported for other races. The findings of this study could assist neurosurgeons, orthodontists, and forensic medical investigators in diagnosing and planning treatment for pituitary gland pathologies.

Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la etnia, el sexo y la edad sobre las dimensiones lineales de la silla turca y los patrones de neumatización del seno esfenoidal (SE). En este estudio retrospectivo transversal, examinamos tomografías computarizadas estandarizadas digitalmente de 100 jordanos. Los participantes del estudio comprendían 50 hombres y 50 mujeres entre los 23 y los 77 años de edad. Evaluamos las dimensiones lineales del SE y los patrones de neumatización del SE y correlacionamos estos datos con la edad y el sexo. Además, comparamos los datos con diferentes grupos étnicos de estudios previos. La media (desviación estándar) de la longitud, el diámetro, el ancho y la profundidad del SE fueron 9,98 (1,89) mm, 12,45 (2) mm, 11,96 (1,76) mm y 8,38 (1,63) mm, respectivamente. El diámetro interclinoideo medio era de 8,84 (2,03) mm. Estas medidas no se correlacionaron significativamente con el sexo o la edad. Con respecto a los patrones de neumatización del seno esfenoidal, el tipo conchal se observó en el 2 % de los participantes del estudio. Se observó afectación preselar en el 30 % de los pacientes. El tipo selar y postsillar se observó en el 66 % y el 2 % de los pacientes, respectivamente. En nuestro estudio, las medidas del SE no difirieron significativamente entre los sexos. Los patrones de neumatización de la silla turca diferían de los patrones informados para otras razas. Los hallazgos de este estudio podrían ayudar a los neurocirujanos, ortodoncistas e investigadores médicos forenses en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las patologías de la hipófisis.

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Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare condition caused by compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Surgical treatment is reserved for patients with severe symptoms and failure of conservative treatment. A 31-year-old woman diagnosed in adolescence with NCS has had recurrent pain since age 15. For 30 days, she has had severe left flank pain and microhematuria. The patient underwent extravascular stent placement around the LRV with the Da Vinci Xi. In 30 months of follow-up, the patient has no pain and the LRV remained without compressions or thrombosis.

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OBJECTIVES: To highlight the prevalence of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas in the olfactory cleft of patients with nasal polyposis. To demonstrate characteristics indicative of hamartoma on the CT scans of paranasal sinuses during surgery and in histopathological exams. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG and Núcleo de Otorrino BH. We performed 114 nasal endoscopic surgeries for polyposis, between February 2015 and November 2019. We assessed the olfactory cleft width in all preoperative CT scans. Upon seeing an indication of hamartoma on the CT scan, we took a tissue sample from the olfactory cleft during the surgery and sent for histopathological exam. We referred the samples to a pathologist experienced in the anatomopathological diagnosis of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas. RESULTS: Of the 114 patients with polyposis, 54 (47.4%) had olfactory cleft enlargement and, 100% of them had tissue with a dense and hardened polypoid aspect, with a slight cerebriform appearance in this region during the surgery. Histology confirmed a respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma. CONCLUSION: This observation suggests that the presence of hamartomas in polyposis is common, but underdiagnosed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Step 3 (Level 3).

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ABSTRACT Choriocarcinoma is a rare highly malignant tumor. We report a case of 35-year-old woman, with a history of four months menstrual irregularity and human chorionic gonadotropin persistently positive that presented transvaginal ultrasound normal and the computed tomography scan of the chest showed three nodules and abdominal scan evinced a hypervascularized solid nodular lesion on left kidney. An ultrasound-guided biopsy of left kidney was performed with a pathologic diagnosis of renal choriocarcinoma. After chemotherapy the human chorionic gonadotropin was negative and the patient returned to normal menstrual cicles.

RESUMO O coriocarcinoma é um tumor altamente maligno raro. Relatamos um caso de mulher de 35 anos, com história de irregularidade menstrual de quatro meses e gonadotrofina coriônica humana persistentemente positiva que apresentava ultrassonografia transvaginal normal e a tomografia computadorizada de tórax com três nódulos e a abdominal evidenciava um nodular sólido hipervascularizado lesão no rim esquerdo. Uma biópsia guiada por ultrassom do rim esquerdo foi realizada com diagnóstico patológico de coriocarcinoma renal. Após a quimioterapia, a gonadotrofina coriônica humana foi negativa e a paciente retornou aos ciclos menstruais normais.

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Antecedentes: la colecistitis enfisematosa (CE) es una forma de presentación infrecuente de la colecistitis aguda. Material y métodos: presentecedentes patológicos, mientras que los otros eran diabéticos. A todos se les realizó tomografía computarizada (TC). Dos pacientes fueron sometidos a colecistectomía videolaparoscópica (CL) con buena evolución, mientras que en un caso se realizó colecistostomía percutánea (CP). Discusión: la CE se refiere a la presencia de gas en la luz o en la pared de la vesícula biliar. La tasa de morbilidad es del 50%. Los pacientes suelen padecer diabetes, pero puede presentarse en pacientes más jóvenes sin factores de riesgo. La TC es el método de elección para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento definitivo es la CL, aunque la CP es otra opción válida. Conclusión: la CL se considera un enfoque eficaz y seguro para el tratamiento de la CE.

Background: Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is a rare presentation of acute cholecystitis. Material and methods: We report three cases of EC in two men and one woman between 55 and 79 years. One of the patients was otherwise healthy while the other two were diabetics. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in all the cases. Two patients underwent video-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy with favorable outcome and one patient underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. Discussion: Emphysematous cholecystitis is characterized by the presence of gas in the gallbladder lumen or wall. Mortality rate is 50%. Most patients are diabetics, but EC may present in younger patients without risk factors. Computed tomography scan is the method of choice for the diagnosis. Cholecystectomy is indicated as definite treatment, but percutaneous cholecystostomy may be a valid option. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and antibiotics are effective and safe to treat.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic sensitivity of serum biomarkers and imaging in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in children. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional analysis of prospective registry data for children (age <21 years) whose first documented attack of acute pancreatitis occurred between March 2013 and October 2016 at a single-institution, tertiary care center. Main outcome was sensitivity of serum biomarkers and of imaging modalities, measured via descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In total, 112 children met the criteria for acute pancreatitis; 57 (51%) were male with a median age of 13.4 years (IQR 9.3-15.8 years). Serum amylase and lipase levels were obtained in 85 (76%) and 112 (100%) patients, respectively. Imaging was performed in 98 (88%) patients, with abdominal ultrasound (US) performed in 84 (75%) and computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging performed in 46 (41%) patients. Fifty-three (47%) patients met all 3 diagnostic criteria (clinical, biochemical, and imaging) for acute pancreatitis. Laboratory testing had a 5.4% false-negative rate for acute pancreatitis. Serum lipase alone and amylase alone were 95% (95% CI 89%-98%) and 39% (95% CI 28%-50%) sensitive for acute pancreatitis, respectively. Imaging (any modality) was 61% sensitive (95% CI 51%-71%) for acute pancreatitis with a 34% false-negative rate. US alone was 52% (95% CI 41%-63%) sensitive for acute pancreatitis and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging was 78% (95% CI 63%-89%) sensitive. Combinations of diagnostic criteria performed no better than laboratory testing alone. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of children coming to medical attention with their first documented occurrence of acute pancreatitis have characteristic symptoms. Serum lipase is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and serum amylase is moderately sensitive. Imaging, particularly US, is only moderately sensitive, and cross-sectional imaging provides greater sensitivity for diagnosing acute pancreatitis.

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AIM: To investigate rates of distant metastases (DM) detected with [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG-PET/CT) in early stage invasive breast cancer. METHODS: We searched the English language literature databases of PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science and Google Scholar, for publications on DM detected in patients who had 18FDG-PET/CT scans as part of the staging for early stages of breast cancer (stage I and II), prior to or immediately following surgery. Reports published between 2011 and 2017 were considered. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Among the 18 total studies included in the analysis, the risk of DM ranged from 0% to 8.3% and 0% to 12.9% for stage I and II invasive breast cancer, respectively. Among the patients with clinical stage II, the rate of occult metastases diagnosed by 18FDG-PET/CT was 7.2% (range, 0%-19.6%) for stage IIA and 15.8% (range, 0%-40.8%) for stage IIB. In young patients (< 40-year-old), 18FDG-PET/CT demonstrated a higher prevalence of DM at the time of diagnosis for those with aggressive histology (i.e., triple-negative receptors and poorly differentiated grade). CONCLUSION: Young patients with poorly differentiated tumors and stage IIB triple-negative breast cancer may benefit from 18FDG-PET/CT at initial staging to detect occult DM prior to surgery.

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O pólipo piloso é um tumor congênito que se manifesta, normalmente, nos primeiros anos de vida, como uma massa coberta com pele contendo glândula sebácea e pelo. Foi descrito, primeiramente, por Brown-Kelly em 1918, com predominância no sexo feminino. A manifestação clínica depende da localização e do tamanho do pólipo, mas, geralmente, causa sintomas respiratórios e alimentares. Há predileção pelo lado esquerdo do organismo, ainda não explicada (1). Não há predisposição genética ou identificação em parentes, e normalmente apresenta-se como um defeito isolado, sem relatos de malignização. O diagnóstico pode ser suspeitado através do estudo de imagem. O tratamento envolve a exérese completa da massa, não havendo necessidade de nenhuma outra complementação (2). Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 21 anos cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado com anatomopatológico da peça cirúrgica(AU)

The hairy polyp is a congenital tumor that usually manifests in early life as a mass covered with skin containing sebaceous gland and hair. It was first described by Brown-Kelly in 1918, predominantly in females. The clinical manifestation depends on the polyp's location and size, but it usually causes respiratory and feeding symptoms. It is more likely to appear on the left side of the body, a predilection not yet explained. (1) There is no genetic predisposition or identification in relatives, and it usually presents as an isolated defect without malignant reports. The diagnosis may be suspected by imaging. Treatment involves complete excision of the mass, with no need for any other action. (2) We report the case of a 21-year-old patient whose diagnosis was confirmed by pathology of the surgical specimen(AU)

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Introduction The observation of multiple lesions in a skull computed tomography (CT) scan is always cause for concern because of the frequent possibility of neoplastic etiology, although granulomatous, infectious, vascular, iatrogenic, demielinating, trauma, parasitic diseases, and strokes can produce a similar aspect on radiology. A wide range of non-neoplastic conditions can mimic a brain tumor, both clinically and radiologically, representing a potential pitfall for physicians involved in patient care. The study's goal is to alert specialists to the possibility of other neoplastic and nonneoplastic etiologies in the differential diagnosis of hypodense lesions in non-contrast. Methods We performed a literature review using PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Embase, Clinical Trials, Ebsco, and Scielo. Articles were selected in the period of 1986 to 2015. Discussion Knowledge of various etiologies when with multiple lesions appear on computed tomography allows specialists to guide the diagnosis to appropriate treatment, avoiding the irradiation of non-neoplastic lesions and unnecessary surgeries. The most common lesions were the neoplasm (74% to 86%), especially gliomas, followed by infections (8% to 15%), and infarcts (0.6% to 6%), which represent nonneoplastic lesions. Conclusion Given the relatively high percentage of wrong neuroradiology diagnoses, most cases may require histological diagnosis, because even magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) renders difculties in distinguishing such lesions.

Introdução Observação de múltiplas lesões na tomograa computadorizada de crânio (TC) é sempre motivo de preocupação por causa da possibilidade frequente de etiologia neoplásica, embora as doenças granulomatosas, infecciosas, vascular, iatrogênica, desmielinizante, trauma, e parasitárias podem produzir aspecto semelhante na radiologia. Uma ampla gama de condições não neoplásicas pode mimetizar um tumor cerebral, tanto clínica, quanto radiologicamente, representando uma armadilha potencial para os médicos envolvidos no cuidado ao paciente. O objetivo do estudo é alertar a possibilidade de outras etiologias neoplásicas e não neoplásicas no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões hipodensas em TC sem contraste. Métodos Revisão da literatura utilizando PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Ensaios Clínicos, EBSCO, Scielo, Tópicos em radiologia. Foram selecionados por período 1986- 2015. Discussão O conhecimento de várias etiologias, quando confrontado com múltiplas lesões na tomograa computadorizada permite o direcionamento do diagnóstico para o tratamento adequado, evitando a irradiação de lesões não neoplásicas e cirurgias desnecessárias. As lesões mais frequentes são neoplasias (74% a 86%), especialmente gliomas, seguido de infecções (8% a 15%) e infartos (0,6% a 6%), que representam lesões não neoplásicas. Conclusão Como um possível resultado da percentagem relativamente elevada de diagnósticos errados neurorradiológicos, o diagnóstico histológico faz necessário, porque mesmo Ressonância pode ser difícil na diferenciação de tais lesões.

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Chest X-ray is a usual tool for family physicians; however, unexpected findings in chest X-ray are a frequent challenge. We present a rare case of pulmonary hilar nodule misdiagnosis in a chest X-ray. An 84-year-old woman was sent with a diagnosis of a right pulmonary hilum nodule. She had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; so in a chest X-ray, her family physician discovered a "nodule" in her right lung hilum. Her physical exam was not relevant. In our hospital, a thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan verified the mass in the right pulmonary hilum; nevertheless, in a coronal CT scan, the "hilum lump" was the tortuous descending aorta that created an angle. This case illustrates how anatomical changes associated with vascular aging may cause this exceptional pitfall in chest X-ray.

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BACKGROUND: Spontaneous sub-capsular or peri-renal haemorrhage (Wunderlich syndrome) is a rare condition that involves a diagnostic challenge. In many cases, bleeding leads to haemodynamic instability that may be life threatening. Therefore, it is important to have a high clinical suspicion for timely action. OBJECTIVE: This paper highlights the experience of the Urology Department of the Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive non-randomized sampling. The Emergency Service Registry was reviewed for all admissions from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2013 to identify patients with non-traumatic spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage. Patient charts were reviewed to determine sex, age, vital signs, laboratory and imaging results, associated diseases, management, and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. All patients were received in the Emergency Department referred from secondary care hospitals. None of them were referred with a diagnosis of spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage. The diagnosis was made in 100% of patients with abdominal CT scan. All patients received urgent surgical management on the day of admission due to haemodynamic instability. Ten patients underwent nephrectomy. Histopathological findings included, among others, angiomyolipoma, renal carcinoma, and metastatic hepatocellular injury. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage is a lethal condition if not detected on time. The abdominal CT scan is the most accurate diagnostic method for detection. Surgical management is necessary in patients with haemodynamic instability.

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INTRODUCTION: The role of the Wells score for patients who develop signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE) during hospitalization has not been sufficiently validated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Wells score for inpatients with suspected PE and to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary embolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study nested in the prospective Institutional Registry of Thromboembolic Disease at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires from June 2006 to March 2011. We included patients who developed symptoms of pulmonary embolism during hospitalization. Patients were stratified based on the Wells score as PE likely (>4 points) or PE unlikely (≤4 points). The presence of pulmonary embolism was defined by pre-specified criteria. RESULTS: Six hundred and thirteen patients met the inclusion criteria, with an overall prevalence of PE of 36%. Two hundred and nineteen (34%) were classified as PE likely and 394 (66%) as PE unlikely with a prevalence of PE of 66% and 20%, respectively. The Wells score showed a sensitivity of 65 (95% CI 59-72), specificity 81 (95% CI 77-85), positive predictive value 66 (95% CI 60-72) and negative predictive value 80 (95% CI 77-84). CONCLUSIONS: The Wells Score is accurate to predict the probability of PE in hospitalized patients and this population had a higher prevalence of PE than other cohorts. However, the score is not sufficiently predictive to rule out a potentially fatal disorder.

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A reunião de revista "Telemedicina Baseada em Evidência - Cirurgia do Trauma e Emergência" (TBE-CiTE) realizou uma revisão crítica da literatura e selecionou os três artigos mais relevantes e atuais sobre a indicação de tomografia de crânio em pacientes pediátricos com trauma craniencefálico leve (TCE). O primeiro trabalho identificou pacientes vítimas de TCE leve com fatores de alto e baixo risco de apresentarem lesões intracranianas vistas à tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio e com necessidade de intervenção neurocirúrgica. O segundo trabalho avaliou o uso das recomendações do "National Institute of Clinical Excellence" em pacientes pediátricos com TCE, e utilizou como variáveis de desfecho a realização de TC ou internação hospitalar. O último artigo analisou e identificou os pacientes onde a TC de crânio seria desnecessária e, portanto, não deve ser feita rotineiramente. Baseado nessa revisão crítica da literatura e a discussão com especialistas, o TBE-CiTE concluiu que é importante evitar a exposição desnecessária de crianças com TCE leve à radiação ionizante da TC de crânio. O grupo favoreceu a utilização do guideline do PECARN onde ECG de 14, alteração do nível de consciência ou fratura do crânio palpável são indicações de TC de crânio, ou quando a experiência do médico, achados múltiplos ou piora dos sintomas ocorrerem.

The "Evidence Based Telemedicine - Trauma and Emergency Surgery" (TBE-CITE) performed a critical appraisal of the literature and selected the three most relevant and recent publications on the indications for head computed tomography (CT) scan in pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The first study identified patients with mild TBI, high and low risk factors for intracranial injuries detected on CT scan and need for neurosurgical intervention. The second study evaluated the guidelines of the National Institute of Clinical Excellence for pediatric patients with TBI. The outcome of this study was either performing a head CT scan or hospital admission. The last study identified and analyzed the patients in whom the CT scan is not necessary and consequently should not be routinely indicated. Based on the critical appraisal of the literature and expert discussion, the opinion of the TBE-CITE was to favor the adoption of the PECARN guidelines, proposing CT scans for children with GCS of 14, altered level of consciousness and palpable skull fracture, or when the physician experience, multiple findings or worsening symptoms warrant it.

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We report a rare case of sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma in the nasal cavity. The patient had respiratory difficulty, continuous epistaxis and nasal pain. We identified a malignant tumour which is a rare pathology with detailed physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic examination. The patient did not accept surgical procedures and was referred for chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Continued follow-up of this is necessary.

Reportamos un caso raro de melanoma maligno de la mucosa del tracto nasosinusal. El paciente tenía dificultad respiratoria, epistaxis continua, y dolor nasal. Identificamos un tumor maligno que es una patología, con examen físico detallado, rinoscopia anterior, tomografía computarizada (TC), resonancia magnética (MRI) y examen histopatológico. El paciente no aceptaba los procedimientos quirúrgicos y fue remitido para quimioterapia o inmunoterapia. Es necesario realizar un seguimiento continuo.

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Objetivo: Identificar si los estudios de gabinete, como la tomografía axial computada y ultrasonido, se asocian con la menor incidencia de apendicectomías negativas. Sede: Hospital Christus Muguerza del Parque, Hospital Privado de Tercer Nivel. Diseño: Estudio de prueba diagnóstica, retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Análisis estadístico: Sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y prueba de Bayes. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes que fueron sometidos a apendicectomía durante el periodo entre enero 2006 a diciembre 2008. Se correlacionó el reporte histopatológico, como estándar de oro diagnóstico, con los estudios de gabinete realizados que consistieron en tomografía axial computada (TAC) y ultrasonido (US) en pacientes con cuadro clínico sugestivo de apendicitis aguda. Resultados: Se incluyeron 207 pacientes, de los cuales 107 fueron hombres (52%) y 100 mujeres (48%). En 183 pacientes (88.4%) sometidos a apendicectomía se confirmó el diagnóstico histopatológico de apendicitis aguda, mientras que los 24 pacientes restantes (11.6%) tuvieron apendicectomía negativa, de los cuales fueron 10 hombres y 14 mujeres. Durante el periodo estudiado, la frecuencia de apendicectomías negativas disminuyó un 66% en el 2008 respecto al 2007, al mismo tiempo que la utilización de TAC para evaluar estos casos aumentó un 41%. La TAC presentó una sensibilidad de 89%, especificidad de 60%, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 94.8% y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) de 40%, la posibilidad post-prueba negativa (PPPN) fue de 59.9%. El US tuvo una sensibilidad de 63%, especificidad de 40%, VPP de 85.5% y VPN de 15.8%, y la PPPN fue de 84.2%. Conclusiones: El mayor empleo de la TAC abdominal con contraste IV, ni el ultrasonido, se asoció con una menor incidencia de apendicectomías negativas. El criterio clínico sigue siendo vigente.

Objective: To identify whether diagnostic imaging, such as computed axial tomography (CAT) and ultrasonography (US) can be associated with a lower incidence of negative appendectomies. Setting: Hospital Christus Muguerza del Parque, private third level health care hospital. Design: Diagnostic test, retrospective, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis: Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and Bayesian testing. Patients and methods: All patients subjected to appendectomy in the period from January 2006 to December 2008 were included in the study. The histopathological report, as diagnostic gold standard, was correlated with the imaging studies, CAT und US, in patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis. Results: We included 207 patients, 107 were men (52%) and 100 women (48%). In 183 patients (88.4%) subjected to appendectomy, the histopathological diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed, whereas the remainder 24 patients (11.6%) had negative appendectomies, these corresponded to 10 men and 14 women. During the study period, the frequency of negative appendectomies decreased 66% in 2008 with respect to 2007, concurrently the use of CAT to assess these cases increased 41%. CAT presented a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 60%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 40%, the possibility of negative post-test (PNPT) was of 59.9%. US had a sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 40%, PPV of 85.5% and NPV of 15.8%, and PNPT of 84.2%. Conclusions: Neither the increase in the use of CAT with IV contrast medium nor of US was associated with a lower incidence of negative appendectomies. The clinical criterion remains being valid.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of multiplanar reformatted images and threedimensional images created after multidetector computed tomography examination in detecting acute posttraumatic osseous pathology of the skeletal system. METHOD: Between October 2006 and December 2008, 105 patients with a history of acute trauma were referred to our service. Patients were evaluated with multidetector computed tomography using multiplanary reconstructed images initially (R-I), and six months after this initial evaluation, three-dimensional images were assessed of each patient (R-II). Axial images were used for guiding as a reference Data obtained was recorded and graded according to importance levels of the pathologies. RESULTS: The R-II score was higher in the non-articular and highest in periartricular fractures of the extremities, and thoracic and pelvic cage injuries. For the spinal column, while R-I data was more significant In patients referred with polytrauma, R-II data, was more statistically significant, for short processing and adaptation time to acquiring immediate critical information. For all cases it was seen that three dimensional scans were more efficient in providing the orientation, within a short time. CONCLUSION: By dual source multidedector tomography systems trauma patients may be evaluated by multiplanary and three dimensionally reconstructed images. When used correctly, three dimensional imaging is advantageous and can help determine the exact nature and extension and also importance of osseous injuries.

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We describe imaging findings of a oesophageal liposarcoma in a 66 year old man. The computed tomography scan was performed after a chest radiograph showed a large posterior mediastinal mass. Oesophageal liposarcomas are rare tumours. They can achieve large size before they become symptomatic. Our patient was successfully managed with complete surgical removal.

São descritos os achados de imagem de um lipossarcoma de esôfago em um paciente do sexo masculino, de 66 anos de idade. Foi feita tomografia computadorizada, após radiografias de tórax terem mostrado massa mediastinal posterior. Lipossarcomas de esôfago são tumores raros. Eles podem atingir grandes dimensões antes de se tornarem sintomáticos. O paciente foi tratado com sucesso, com remoção cirúrgica completa do tumor.

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