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BACKGROUND: In Chile demand for specialist care following exposure to interpersonal violence (IPV) in youth far exceeds capacity. Group interventions may improve access to care for youth. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of two low-intensity group interventions: Trama Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT); Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT); and treatment as usual, Art therapy-based support (ATBS). Outcomes measured were post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, interpersonal functioning and affect regulation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants were 67 Chilean youth aged 13-17 years, victims of IPV on a waiting list to receive specialist individual intervention. METHODS: Using a randomised controlled trial design, participants were randomly assigned to one of the interventions. Self-report measures were completed at 5 timepoints between baseline and follow up eight weeks after intervention ended. Dropout rates and attendance were also analysed. RESULTS: TF-CBT showed significant decreases for PTSD (d = 0.91) and depression (d = 0.77) symptoms, sustained at follow-up with affect regulation problems also showing significant decrease from baseline (d = 0.43). IPT showed significant decreases in PTSD symptoms (d = 0.64) and affect regulation problems (d = 0.66), both sustained at follow-up. ATBS showed statistically significant decrease for PTSD (d = 0.79) and interpersonal problems (d = 0.65) but only change in PTSD was sustained at follow-up. There were no significant differences in dropout or attendance between the interventions. CONCLUSION: Group interventions provide a viable and effective first-phase option for reducing psychological distress in IPV-exposed youth in high-demand contexts. Effectiveness may be further improved through the more active involvement of parents and carers.

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This case report aims to delineate the challenges and management strategies for a patient with bilateral mutilated hands within a secondary care level in Mexico, contributing to medical literature and potentially guiding future patient care. Mutilated hands represent a significant surgical and rehabilitative challenge due to the profound structural damage they cause, leading to considerable functional impairment and psychological distress. The complexity of these injuries necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, particularly in resource-constrained settings. We present a case of a 45-year-old male with no prior significant medical history who sustained bilateral mutilated hands from an industrial accident involving hot rollers. The patient underwent extensive surgical reconstruction and postoperative care, facing complications such as skin graft integration issues and infections, which required a multidisciplinary treatment approach.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: El trauma complejo es un problema de salud a nivel mundial y cuando es de tipo hemorrágico la mortalidad es superior a los otros tipos de traumas complejos. Objetivo: Determinar las variables predictoras de mortalidad precoz en pacientes hospitalizados con trauma complejo hemorrágico en una institución hospitalaria del segundo nivel de atención en Cuba. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el Hospital General Provincial Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus, durante 6 años. Se incluyeron 207 pacientes. Las variables se agruparon en sociodemográficas, enfermedades crónicas asociadas, mecanismo lesional, tipo de trauma, localización topográfica, tiempo entre admisión hospitalaria, diagnóstico y tratamiento, complicaciones precoces, tratamiento médico y quirúrgico, y mortalidad precoz. Se elaboró un árbol de decisión mediante el método Chaid exhaustivo, la variable dependiente fue la mortalidad por trauma complejo hemorrágico. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo masculino (85 %), con 60 años y menos (83 %), con trauma contuso (57.5 %) y politraumatizados (42.5 %). Predominaron también los que presentaron acidosis metabólica (66.7 %), coagulopatía aguda (44.4 %), hipotermia (41.5 %). El 30 % de los pacientes falleció precozmente. El árbol de decisión tuvo una sensibilidad de 82.3 %, una especificidad de 97.2 % y un porcentaje global de pronóstico correcto del 92.8 %. Se identificaron 4 variables predictores de mortalidad: hipotermia, acidosis metabólica, coagulopatía aguda y trauma penetrante. Conclusiones: La probabilidad más alta de fallecer precozmente durante un trauma complejo hemorrágico se da entre pacientes con hipotermia, acidosis metabólica, coagulopatía aguda y trauma penetrante.

ABSTRACT Background: Complex trauma is a worldwide health problem and when hemorrhagic, mortality is higher than other types of complex trauma. Objective: To determine predictive variables of early mortality in hospitalized patients with complex hemorrhagic trauma in a second care level hospital in Cuba. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Camilo Cienfuegos Provincial General Hospital in Sancti Spíritus, for 6 years. 207 patients were included. The variables were grouped into sociodemographic, associated chronic diseases, injury mechanism, type of trauma, topographic location, time between hospital admission, diagnosis and treatment, early complications, medical and surgical treatment, and early mortality. A decision tree was developed using the exhaustive Chaid method, the dependent variable was mortality due to complex hemorrhagic trauma. Results: Male patients (85 %), 60 years and younger (83 %), with blunt trauma (57.5 %) and polytraumatized patients (42.5 %) predominated. Those who presented metabolic acidosis (66.7 %), acute coagulopathy (44.4 %), and hypothermia (41.5 %) also predominated. 30 % of patients died early. The decision tree had a sensitivity of 82.3 %, a specificity of 97.2 % and an overall percentage of correct forecast of 92.8 %. Four variables that predicted mortality were identified: hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, acute coagulopathy, and penetrating trauma. Conclusions: The highest probability of early dying during a complex hemorrhagic trauma occurs among patients with hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, acute coagulopathy and penetrating trauma.

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Objective: The ICD-11 Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) was developed as a joint effort by researchers from several countries to evaluate post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and complex-PTSD (C-PTSD) symptoms. This study is part of a multi-center international collaborative research project that aims to provide psychometric support for this initial instrument in different languages, considering the specific contexts related to complex traumatization. This study verified the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the ITQ, evaluating symptoms beyond those described the existing literature. Methods: We examined the results of a convenience sample totaling 268 Portuguese and Angolan participants. Two instruments were applied: the ITQ, which evaluates symptoms resulting from a traumatic life event, and the Life Events Checklist (LEC), which evaluates stressful life events. The general characteristics of the scales are described, and reliability analysis and validity studies were performed. Results: Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.84 and 0.88, and the exploratory factorial analysis results were consistent with the concept of C-PTSD, with five components explaining 61.58% of scale variance. Conclusion: The results suggest good psychometric characteristics for the Portuguese version of the ITQ, and thus it can be included in protocols intended evaluating complex traumatic symptoms.

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Across Latin America, increasing access to mental health care has become a priority. Management of common mental disorders is shifting to primary care, and community mental health centers (CMHCs) are being established to treat severe needs. In urban migrant communities on the outskirts of Trujillo, Peru, five new CMHCs have been built to treat complex mental health concerns, partially in response to high rates of domestic violence and child maltreatment. However, psychologists have no training in the treatment of interpersonal trauma. This study sought to determine the utility of such a training and identify areas for cultural adaptation. Six focus groups were conducted with CMHC psychologists. Findings revealed that, while a culturally-adapted training in trauma-focused treatment is desired, sociocultural barriers to ensuring the physical and psychological safety of the service user must be considered, as well as provider barriers including short treatment packages, insufficient physical infrastructure, and unstable work conditions.

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INTRODUCTION: This study examined the longitudinal associations between environmental adversity (defined in terms of exposure to violence in the neighborhood, school, and media), complex trauma (operationalized as experiences of abuse and neglect), and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms. METHODS: Using a cross-lagged panel research design, we investigated the moderating role of peer support in these relationships in a sample of 644 adolescents from a severely disadvantaged district of Lima, Peru, who were followed up in a 1-year prospective study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found significant unidirectional dynamic relations, where both types of adversity were associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Peer support significantly moderated this effect, but only for complex trauma, in that higher levels of peer support were associated with a decreased impact of complex trauma on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of social relations and the quality of peer relations in particular as factors that may mitigate the risk of early exposure to trauma.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Embora a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) possua evidências que demonstram sua efetividade para o tratamento de Transtornos Relacionados ao Trauma e Estresse, alguns casos específicos apresentam baixa resposta. Tais casos estão associados à exposição recorrente a eventos traumáticos, de natureza interpessoal, durante a infância. Apesar de não haver consenso sobre a nomeação destes quadros clínicos, é possível que estejam associados ao diagnóstico de Trauma Complexo (TC). OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou revisar sistematicamente evidências sobre os efeitos da TCC para TC. MÉTODO: Realizou-se buscas no MEDLINE, Embase e ISI Web of Science. Artigos com desenho de estudo clínico randomizado, estudo clínico não randomizado e estudos não controlados com intervenções em TCC para TC foram incluídos. Apenas estudos com avaliações pré e pós-intervenção foram elegíveis. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se 369 estudos sendo 7 elegíveis para esta revisão. As intervenções abordaram vários sintomas envolvidos na proposta para diagnóstico de TC, incluindo sintomas pós-traumático, depressivos, de ansiedade e regulação emocional. CONCLUSÃO: Os artigos revisados demonstraram que intervenções terapêuticas, independente da natureza, possuem efeitos ao longo do tempo sobre sintomas de TC. A TCC revelou-se superior em comparação ao tratamento controle, sendo que tanto TCC em grupo como individual revelaram-se capazes de reduzir os sintomas de TC.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Although Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has been shown effectiveness for treating posttraumatic stress disorders, there are some difficults regarding specfic cases. This cases are usually associated with a history of recurrent and prolonged exposure to traumatic events during the childhood. Since there is no consensus concerning the appointment of these clinical conditions, it is suggested that such cases could represent the diagnosis of Complex Trauma (CT). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate, through a systematic review, the efficacy of CBT for CT. METHOD: The searches were conducted in Pubmed, Embase and ISI Web of Science. Articles that described randomized controlled, non-randomized controlled and non-controlled studies which had interventions based on CBT for CT symptoms were included. RESULTS: The search identified 369 studies, and 7 were selected. The focus of CBT interventions comprised a variety of symptoms that have been proposed for the CT diagnosis, including posttraumatic and depressive symptoms, anxiety and emotional regulation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that therapeutic interventions, regardless of type, have an effect over time on CT symptoms. CBT was more efficient compared to the control treatments. Both individual and group CBT were able to reduce CT symptoms.(AU)

INTRODUCCIÓN: A pesar de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) tiener un cuerpo de evidencia que demuestra la eficacia para el tratamiento de desórdenes de estrés y trauma, algunos casos específicos tienen una baja respuesta. Estos casos están asociados con la exposición repetida a los acontecimientos traumáticos, de carácter interpersonal, durante la infancia. Aunque no existe un consenso en cuanto a la designación de estos cuadros clínicos, es posible que se asocie con un diagnóstico llamado Trauma Complejo (TC). META: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar, a través de la revisión sistemática, estudios sobre los efectos de las intervenciones en la TCC para el TC. MÉTODO: Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science. Se incluyeron los artículos con diseño aleatorio estudio clínico, estudio clínico no aleatorizado y estudios no controlados con intervenciones en la TCC para la CT. Sólo los estudios con pre y post-intervención fueron elegibles. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 369 estudios y son 7 electos para esta revisión. Las intervenciones discutieron diversos síntomas de TC, incluyendo los síntomas postraumáticos, depresivo, de ansiedad y regulación emocional. CONCLUSIÓN: Artículos revisados han demostrado que las intervenciones terapéuticas, independientemente de la naturaleza, tienen un efecto en el tiempo de los síntomas de la CT. La TCC ha demostrado ser superior en comparación con el tratamiento control. Tanto la TCC individual y grupal demostró ser capaz de reducir los síntomas de TC.(AU)

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INTRODUÇÃO: Embora a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) possua evidências que demonstram sua efetividade para o tratamento de Transtornos Relacionados ao Trauma e Estresse, alguns casos específicos apresentam baixa resposta. Tais casos estão associados à exposição recorrente a eventos traumáticos, de natureza interpessoal, durante a infância. Apesar de não haver consenso sobre a nomeação destes quadros clínicos, é possível que estejam associados ao diagnóstico de Trauma Complexo (TC). OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou revisar sistematicamente evidências sobre os efeitos da TCC para TC. MÉTODO: Realizou-se buscas no MEDLINE, Embase e ISI Web of Science. Artigos com desenho de estudo clínico randomizado, estudo clínico não randomizado e estudos não controlados com intervenções em TCC para TC foram incluídos. Apenas estudos com avaliações pré e pós-intervenção foram elegíveis. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se 369 estudos sendo 7 elegíveis para esta revisão. As intervenções abordaram vários sintomas envolvidos na proposta para diagnóstico de TC, incluindo sintomas pós-traumático, depressivos, de ansiedade e regulação emocional. CONCLUSÃO: Os artigos revisados demonstraram que intervenções terapêuticas, independente da natureza, possuem efeitos ao longo do tempo sobre sintomas de TC. A TCC revelou-se superior em comparação ao tratamento controle, sendo que tanto TCC em grupo como individual revelaram-se capazes de reduzir os sintomas de TC.

INTRODUCTION: Although Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has been shown effectiveness for treating posttraumatic stress disorders, there are some difficults regarding specfic cases. This cases are usually associated with a history of recurrent and prolonged exposure to traumatic events during the childhood. Since there is no consensus concerning the appointment of these clinical conditions, it is suggested that such cases could represent the diagnosis of Complex Trauma (CT). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate, through a systematic review, the efficacy of CBT for CT. METHOD: The searches were conducted in Pubmed, Embase and ISI Web of Science. Articles that described randomized controlled, non-randomized controlled and non-controlled studies which had interventions based on CBT for CT symptoms were included. RESULTS: The search identified 369 studies, and 7 were selected. The focus of CBT interventions comprised a variety of symptoms that have been proposed for the CT diagnosis, including posttraumatic and depressive symptoms, anxiety and emotional regulation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that therapeutic interventions, regardless of type, have an effect over time on CT symptoms. CBT was more efficient compared to the control treatments. Both individual and group CBT were able to reduce CT symptoms.

INTRODUCCIÓN: A pesar de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) tiener un cuerpo de evidencia que demuestra la eficacia para el tratamiento de desórdenes de estrés y trauma, algunos casos específicos tienen una baja respuesta. Estos casos están asociados con la exposición repetida a los acontecimientos traumáticos, de carácter interpersonal, durante la infancia. Aunque no existe un consenso en cuanto a la designación de estos cuadros clínicos, es posible que se asocie con un diagnóstico llamado Trauma Complejo (TC). META: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar, a través de la revisión sistemática, estudios sobre los efectos de las intervenciones en la TCC para el TC. MÉTODO: Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science. Se incluyeron los artículos con diseño aleatorio estudio clínico, estudio clínico no aleatorizado y estudios no controlados con intervenciones en la TCC para la CT. Sólo los estudios con pre y post-intervención fueron elegibles. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 369 estudios y son 7 electos para esta revisión. Las intervenciones discutieron diversos síntomas de TC, incluyendo los síntomas postraumáticos, depresivo, de ansiedad y regulación emocional. CONCLUSIÓN: Artículos revisados han demostrado que las intervenciones terapéuticas, independientemente de la naturaleza, tienen un efecto en el tiempo de los síntomas de la CT. La TCC ha demostrado ser superior en comparación con el tratamiento control. Tanto la TCC individual y grupal demostró ser capaz de reducir los síntomas de TC.

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BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) contemplates the impact of acute traumatic events, but the literature indicates that this is not true for chronic exposure to stress. In this sense, the category disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) has been proposed to characterize the behavior and cognitive alterations derived from exposure to continuous early life stress. The Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress - Revised (SIDES-R) was developed to investigate and measure DESNOS. Considering the lack of instruments designed to assess DESNOS, especially in Brazil, the aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the contents of SIDES-R to Brazilian Portuguese (SIDES-R-BR). METHOD: The original interview was subjected to translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence and conceptual correspondence analyses by naive and specialized judges, respectively, an acceptability trial, and inter-rater validity analysis. RESULTS: The interview underwent semantic and structural adaptations considering the Brazilian culture. The final version, SIDES-R-BR, showed a mean understanding score of 4.98 on a 5-point verbal rating scale, in addition to a kappa coefficient of 0.853. CONCLUSION: SIDES-R-BR may be a useful tool in the investigation of DESNOS and contributes a valuable input to clinical research in Brazil. The availability of the instrument allows to test symptoms with adequate reliability, as verified by the kappa coefficient and translation steps (AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: O transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD) contempla o impacto de eventos traumáticos agudos, mas a literatura indica que o mesmo não se aplica a exposição crônica ao estresse. Nesse sentido, foi proposta a categoria transtornos de estresse extremo não especificados (disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified, DESNOS). Com o objetivo de investigar e medir as alterações comportamentais e cognitivas relacionadas ao diagnóstico de DESNOS, foi desenvolvida a Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress - Revised (SIDES-R). Considerando a falta de instrumentos construídos para avaliar DESNOS, especialmente no Brasil, o objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e validar os conteúdos da SIDES-R para português brasileiro (SIDES-R-BR). MÉTODO: A entrevista original foi submetida a tradução, retrotradução, análise de equivalência semântica e correspondência conceitual por avaliadores leigos e especializados, respectivamente. Foi realizado teste de aceitabilidade e análise de validade interavaliadores. RESULTADOS: A entrevista passou por adaptações semânticas e estruturais considerando a cultura brasileira. A versão final, SIDES-R-BR, demonstrou um escore médio de compreensão de 4,98 em uma escala de avaliação verbal de 5 pontos, além de um coeficiente de kappa de 0,853. CONCLUSÃO: O SIDES-R-BR pode ser uma ferramenta útil na investigação de DESNOS e contribui com um input valioso para a pesquisa clínica no Brasil. A disponibilidade do instrumento permite testar sintomas com confiabilidade adequada, conforme verificado por meio do coeficiente de kappa e etapas de tradução (AU)

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