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For the past years, Ecuador has been transitioning away from a hospital-based model of mental healthcare to one that is community-centred. However, challenges associated with hospital-based models endure, notably financial burden faced by those with severe mental health problems (SMHPs) due to labour market discrimination. Employment access for this group is often disregarded in policy planning, despite evidence of its benefits on mental health. Huertomanías, an urban garden initiative in Ecuador founded in 2015, works with individuals with SMHPs, providing work, income, and social inclusion. A case study using a participatory approach was carried out to explore factors that impact the recovery of people with SMHPs. Twelve participants engaged in diverse stages of the research, where several participatory activities were conducted including cognitive mapping, a photovoice project, and interviews. The analysis employed a thematic approach leading to four categories of impact within the urban garden: autonomy (financial and personal), interpersonal relations and relation with the environment, mental health, and family dynamics. A final category of impact was established encompassing external factors (family support and public policy and healthcare services) that influence recovery. Findings suggest that the urban garden promotes autonomy and active participation within society, improves mental health, and transforms family dynamics. Further, this study highlights the importance of community-based mental healthcare (CBMHC), emphasising the need of public policies and healthcare in promoting autonomy through employment and community-centred services. Lastly, the study contributes insights into recovery experiences and CBMHC benefits, informing programme development and similar initiatives in Latin America.

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Background: Mental health problems represent a growing global concern. This has intensified since the coronavirus pandemic and is also partly due to greater awareness of the extent of mental health problems and the lack of attention they have received over time. In many high-income countries, increases in service provision have been accompanied by efforts to increase the mental health literacy of the general population. One example of this in Australia, is the mental health first aid training program which is informed by the mental health first aid guidelines created to promote mental health literacy among the general population, reduce stigma, and enable lay people to provide timely support, and facilitate access to health services for a person developing a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis. Methods: Between March 2020 and May 2023, a consortium of researchers from Australia, Argentina and Chile carried out the cultural adaptation of five guidelines (drinking problems, depression, suicide risk, trauma, and psychosis) using the Delphi consensus methodology. Health professionals with expertise in each of the topics and people with lived experience (their own or as informal caregivers) from Argentina and Chile were grouped into separate panels. Over two survey rounds, they evaluated the items from the Australian guidelines and gave their opinion on the importance of their inclusion in the local guidelines. Additionally, they suggested items not included in the Australian guidelines. Results: This report presents the details of the methodology used and the most significant results of each of the five adapted guidelines, particularly, those of relevance to the Argentinian and Chilean context. The general acceptance of the role of the first aider stands out as an important outcome. However, in comparison to Australia, the first aider's role was reduced and the health professional role was expanded. Self-help recommendations were typically not endorsed by local experts, suggesting skepticism toward these strategies. Other specific recommendations for each of the guidelines are described and analyzed in this report. Conclusions: A study of the implementation of training courses based on these guidelines is required to make the necessary adaptations and determine their local usefulness.

Introducción: Los problemas de salud mental en la comunidad representan una preocupación global creciente, intensificada desde la pandemia por coronavirus y gracias a una mayor conciencia respecto de su extensión y del bajo nivel de atención que recibieron a lo largo del tiempo. En Australia se crearon las primeras guías de primeros auxilios en salud mental para promover un mayor conocimiento de temas de salud mental en la población general, brindar apoyo oportuno, facilitar el acceso a los servicios de salud por esta problemática, y disminuir el estigma asociado al padecimiento mental. Método: Un consorcio de investigadores de Australia, Argentina y Chile, entre marzo de 2020 y mayo de 2023, realizó la adaptación cultural de cinco guías (consumo problemático de alcohol, depresión, riesgo de suicidio, trauma, y psicosis) siguiendo la metodología de consenso Delphi. Profesionales expertos en cada uno de los temas y personas con experiencia vivida  (propia o como cuidadores informales) conformaron sendos paneles con miembros de Argentina y de Chile. En dos rondas de consulta evaluaron los ítems provenientes de las guías de Australia y opinaron sobre su pertinencia para formar parte de las guías locales. Adicionalmente, sugirieron ítems que no estaban contemplados en las guías australianas. Resultados: El presente reporte presenta el detalle de la metodología empleada y los resultados más significativos de cada una de las cinco guías adaptadas y, particularmente, su aplicabilidad para Argentina y Chile. Sobresale la aceptación general del rol del asistente de primeros auxilios en salud mental, aunque también con limitaciones en el rol y funciones en favor del privilegio de profesionales de la salud. Las recomendaciones de auto-ayuda fueron mayoritariamente no aceptadas por los expertos locales, sugiriendo desconfianza respecto de estas estrategias. Otras recomendaciones específicas para cada una de las guías se describen y analizan en este reporte. Conclusiones: Se requiere un estudio de la implementación de la capacitación en base a estas guías para realizar ulteriores adaptaciones y determinar su utilidad local.

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Introduction: Research on psychiatric deinstitutionalization has neglected that reforms in this field are nested in a health system that has undergone financial reforms. This subordination could introduce incentives that are misaligned with new mental health policies. According to Chile's National Mental Health Plan, this would be the case in the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC). The goal is to understand how the CMHCpayment mechanism is a potential incentive for community mental health. Methods: A mixed quantitative-qualitative convergent study using grounded theory. We collected administrative production data between 2010 and 2020. Following the payment mechanism theory, we interviewed 25 payers, providers, and user experts. We integrated the results through selective coding. This article presents the relevant results of mixed selective integration. Results: Seven payment mechanisms implemented heterogeneously in the country's CMHC are recognized. They respond to three schemes subject to rate limits and prospective public budget. They differ in the payment unit. They are associated with implementing the community mental health model negatively affecting users, the services provided, the human resources available, and the governance adopted. Governance, management, and payment unit conditions favoring the community mental health model are identified. Conclusions: A disjointed set of heterogeneously implemented payment schemes negatively affects the community mental health model. Formulating an explicit financing policy for mental health that is complementary to existing policies is necessary and possible.

Introducción: La investigación sobre desinstitucionalización psiquiátrica ha descuidado el hecho que las reformas en este campo se anidan en un sistema de salud que se ha sometido a reformas financieras. Esta subordinación podría introducir incentivos desalineados con las nuevas políticas de salud mental. Según el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental de Chile, este sería el caso en los centros de salud mental comunitaria. El objetivo es comprender cómo el mecanismo de pago al centro de salud mental comunitaria es un potencial incentivo para la salud mental comunitaria. Métodos: Este es un estudio mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo convergente, que utiliza la teoría fundamentada. Recolectamos datos administrativos de producción entre 2010 y 2020. Siguiendo la teoría de mecanismo de pago, entrevistamos a 25 expertos de los ámbitos pagador, proveedor y usuario. Integramos los resultados a través de la codificación selectiva. Este artículo presenta los resultados relevantes de la integración selectiva mixta. Resultados: Reconocimos siete mecanismos de pago implementados heterogéneamente en los centros de salud mental comunitaria del país. Estos, responden a tres esquemas supeditados a límites de tarifa y presupuesto público prospectivo. Se diferencian en la unidad de pago. Se asocian con la implementación del modelo de salud mental comunitaria afectando negativamente a los usuarios, los servicios provistos, los recursos humanos disponibles, la gobernanza adoptada. Identificamos condiciones de gobernanza, gestión y unidad de pago que favorecerían el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Conclusiones: Un conjunto desarticulado de esquemas de pago implementados heterogéneamente, tiene efectos negativos para el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Es necesario y posible formular una política de financiación explícita para la salud mental complementaria a las políticas existentes.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La investigación sobre desinstitucionalización psiquiátrica ha descuidado el hecho que las reformas en este campo se anidan en un sistema de salud que se ha sometido a reformas financieras. Esta subordinación podría introducir incentivos desalineados con las nuevas políticas de salud mental. Según el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental de Chile, este sería el caso en los centros de salud mental comunitaria. El objetivo es comprender cómo el mecanismo de pago al centro de salud mental comunitaria es un potencial incentivo para la salud mental comunitaria. MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo convergente, que utiliza la teoría fundamentada. Recolectamos datos administrativos de producción entre 2010 y 2020. Siguiendo la teoría de mecanismo de pago, entrevistamos a 25 expertos de los ámbitos pagador, proveedor y usuario. Integramos los resultados a través de la codificación selectiva. Este artículo presenta los resultados relevantes de la integración selectiva mixta. RESULTADOS: Reconocimos siete mecanismos de pago implementados heterogéneamente en los centros de salud mental comunitaria del país. Estos, responden a tres esquemas supeditados a límites de tarifa y presupuesto público prospectivo. Se diferencian en la unidad de pago. Se asocian con la implementación del modelo de salud mental comunitaria afectando negativamente a los usuarios, los servicios provistos, los recursos humanos disponibles, la gobernanza adoptada. Identificamos condiciones de gobernanza, gestión y unidad de pago que favorecerían el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. CONCLUSIONES: Un conjunto desarticulado de esquemas de pago implementados heterogéneamente, tiene efectos negativos para el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Es necesario y posible formular una política de financiación explícita para la salud mental complementaria a las políticas existentes.

INTRODUCTION: Research on psychiatric deinstitutionalization has neglected that reforms in this field are nested in a health system that has undergone financial reforms. This subordination could introduce incentives that are misaligned with new mental health policies. According to Chile's National Mental Health Plan, this would be the case in the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC). The goal is to understand how the CMHCpayment mechanism is a potential incentive for community mental health. METHODS: A mixed quantitative-qualitative convergent study using grounded theory. We collected administrative production data between 2010 and 2020. Following the payment mechanism theory, we interviewed 25 payers, providers, and user experts. We integrated the results through selective coding. This article presents the relevant results of mixed selective integration. RESULTS: Seven payment mechanisms implemented heterogeneously in the country's CMHC are recognized. They respond to three schemes subject to rate limits and prospective public budget. They differ in the payment unit. They are associated with implementing the community mental health model negatively affecting users, the services provided, the human resources available, and the governance adopted. Governance, management, and payment unit conditions favoring the community mental health model are identified. CONCLUSIONS: A disjointed set of heterogeneously implemented payment schemes negatively affects the community mental health model. Formulating an explicit financing policy for mental health that is complementary to existing policies is necessary and possible.

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Objetivo: descrever a experiência de uma intervenção educativa sobre tecnologia grupal para profissionais de saúde mental. Métodos: relato de experiência relativo a última etapa de uma pesquisa-intervenção, em que foram realizadas duas oficinas norteadas pelo referencial do Ciclo de Aprendizagem Vivencial, com a participação de 19 profissionais de três Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas da região central do Brasil. Resultados: ao longo do processo vivencial foi possível perceber que os participantes puderam repensar sua prática profissional nos grupos terapêuticos que conduzem, sensibilizando-os para a necessidade de instrumentalização dos recursos da tecnologia grupal. Conclusão: o uso do Ciclo de Aprendizagem Vivencial como ferramenta de qualificação favoreceu a tomada de consciência dos participantes com reflexões contextualizadas de suas práticas com grupos no cotidiano dos serviços, sensibilizando-os para incrementar suas competências teórico-práticas nos seus atendimentos. (AU)

Objective: to describe the experience of an educational intervention on group technology for mental health professionals. Methods: experience report on the last stage of an intervention research, in which two workshops were held guided by the framework of the Experiential Learning Cycle, with the participation of 19 professionals from three Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs in the central region of Brazil. Results: throughout the experiential process, it was possible to see that the participants were able to rethink their professional practice in the therapeutic groups they lead, sensitizing them to the need to implement group technology resources. Conclusion: the use of the Experiential Learning Cycle as a qualification tool favored the participants' awareness with contextualized reflections on their practices with groups in the daily service, sensitizing them to increase their theoreticalpractical skills in their care. (AU)

Objetivo: describir la experiencia de una intervención educativa en tecnología grupal para profesionales de la salud mental. Métodos: relato de experiencia de la última etapa de una investigación de intervención, en la que se realizaron dos talleres guiados por el marco del Ciclo de Aprendizaje Experiencial, con la participación de 19 profesionales de tres Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas de la región central de Brasil. Resultados: a lo largo del proceso vivencial, se pudo constatar que los participantes fueron capaces de repensar su práctica profesional en los grupos terapéuticos que lideran, sensibilizándolos sobre la necesidad de implementar recursos tecnológicos grupales. Conclusion: el uso del CAV como herramienta de calificación favoreció la conciencia de los participantes con reflexiones contextualizadas sobre sus prácticas con grupos en el servicio diario, sensibilizándolos para incrementar sus habilidades teórico-prácticas en su cuidado. (AU)

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A interlocução entre saúde mental, pessoas idosas e saúde bucal é um assunto que precisa ser abordado na formação em Odontologia. Mesmo que em um curto período dentro dos 5 anos de formação, um momento em que estes temas se encontram em um estágio extramuros mostra-se interessante e enriquecedor. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar um relato de experiência de estudantes de Odontologia na promoção da saúde dentro do escopo da Odontologia em uma instituição de longa permanência em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologicamente, o presente relato de experiência foi estruturado de acordo com o referencial teórico para Sistematização de Experiências, seguindo os seguintes passos: descrição do ponto de partida, elaboração de perguntas iniciais, reflexão sobre o processo vivido e descrição e apresentação dos pontos finais da experiência. As 7 estudantes de graduação envolvidas nesta experiência planejaram e desenvolveram, com professores-tutores e supervisores locais, ações de cuidado e educação em saúde bucal para 32 pessoas institucionalizadas. As atividades desenvolvidas geraram engajamento mútuo, tanto das estagiárias quanto dos residentes e trabalhadores da instituição. Neste contexto, este texto apresenta experiências em uma narrativa permeada pelas dificuldades, potencialidades e motivações para o aprendizado da Odontologia (AU).

El diálogo entre salud mental, personas mayores y salud bucal es un tema que es necesario abordar en la formación de Odontología. Aunque sea en un corto período dentro de los 5 años de formación, un momento en el que estos temas se encuentran en una etapa extramuros resulta interesante y enriquecedor. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un relato de experiencia de estudiantes de Odontología en la promoción de la salud en el ámbito de la Odontología en una institución de larga duración en una ciudad de Rio Grande do Sul. Metodológicamente, este relato de experiencia se estructuró de acuerdo con el marco teórico para Sistematización de Experiencias, siguiendo los siguientes pasos: descripción del punto de partida, elaboración de preguntas iniciales, reflexión sobre el proceso vivido y descripción y presentación de los puntos finales de la experiencia. Las 7 estudiantes de pregrado involucradas en esta experiencia planificaron y desarrollaron, con profesores-tutores y supervisores locales, acciones de educación y atención en salud bucal para 32 personas institucionalizadas. Las actividades desarrolladas generaron un compromiso mutuo, tanto entre los pasantes como entre los residentes y trabajadores de la institución. En este contexto, este texto presenta experiencias en una narrativa permeada por las dificultades, potencialidades y motivaciones para aprender Odontología (AU).

The dialogue between mental health, older people and oral health is a topic that must be addressed in Dentistry training. Even if in a short period within the 5 years of training, the moment when these themes come together in an internship program outside the college walls proves to be interesting and enriching. The objective of this article is to present an experience report of Dentistry students aimed at promoting healthwithin the scope of Dentistry in a long-term institution located in a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methodologically, this experience report was structured according to the theoretical framework for Systematization of Experiences and followed these steps: description of the starting point, formulation of the initial questions, reflection about the process experienced and, finally, description and presentation of the end points of the experience. The 7 undergraduate students participating in this experience, together with tutor-professors and local supervisors, planned and developed care and educational actions focused on oral health for 32 institutionalized individuals. The activities developed generated mutual engagement between the interns and the institution's residents and workers. In this context, this article presents experiences that followed a narrative permeated by the difficulties, potentialities, and motivations encountered in the Dentistry learning process (AU).

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Este escrito forma parte de un proyecto de investigación UBACyT radicado en la Facultad de Psicología, UBA. Su objetivo es indagar en los procesos de transformación llevados adelante en prácticas participativas que articulan salud mental y comunicación en un Hospital monovalente de salud mental de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo que toma como objeto de indagación las prácticas desarrolladas por la Organización Civil La Colifata desde la perspectiva de sus actores. Se tomaron entrevistas en profundidad y se realizó un conversatorio con integrantes de los equipos de coordinación. El proceso de sistematización del material recogido utilizó técnicas de análisis de contenido. Como resultados se presenta una caracterización de la experiencia y las principales transformaciones en contexto de pandemia, incorporando obstáculos, aprendizajes y fortalezas. Se discute la dimensión vincular y su relación con la perspectiva de cuidados, así como lo significativo del sostenimiento de una dimensión deseante y creativa en la experiencia estudiada. Se concluye que dicha perspectiva vincular y el fortalecimiento de una red de cuidados significativa se han constituido en elementos clave para el sostenimiento de actividades en contexto de excepcionalidad.

This text is part of a research project funded by UBACyT and conducted at the Faculty of Psychology, UBA. Its objective is to investigate the transformation processes carried out in participatory practices that articulate mental health and communication in a Psycho-assistance Hospital in the City of Buenos Aires during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study that takes as its object of inquiry the practices developed by the Civil Organization La Colifata from the perspective of its actors. In-depth interviews were conducted, and a conversation was held with members of the coordination teams. The process of systematizing the collected material used content analysis techniques. The results present a characterization of the experience and the main transformations in the context of the pandemic, incorporating obstacles, learning, and strengths. The relational dimension and its relationship with the perspective of care are discussed, as well as the significance of sustaining a desiring and creative dimension in the studied experience. It is concluded that this relational perspective and the strengthening of a significant care network have become key elements for the sustainability of activities in exceptional contexts.

Este texto faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa financiado pela UBACyT e realizado na Faculdade de Psicologia, UBA. Seu objetivo é investigar os processos de transformação realizados em práticas participativas que articulam saúde mental e comunicação em um Hospital Psicoassistencial da Cidade de Buenos Aires durante a pandemia por COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo que tem como objeto de investigação as práticas desenvolvidas pela Organização Civil La Colifata a partir da perspectiva de seus atores. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade e uma conversa com membros das equipes de coordenação. O processo de sistematização do material coletado utilizou técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apresentam uma caracterização da experiência e as principais transformações no contexto da pandemia, incorporando obstáculos, aprendizados e pontos fortes. É discutida a dimensão relacional e sua relação com a perspectiva de cuidado, bem como a importância de manter uma dimensão desejante e criativa na experiência estudada. Conclui-se que essa perspectiva relacional e o fortalecimento de uma rede de cuidados significativa se tornaram elementos-chave para a sustentabilidade das atividades em contextos excepcionais.

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En el presente trabajo se analizarán los resultados parciales de una investigación en curso "Proceso de construcción de una cooperativa en la cárcel de máxima seguridad de Batán: contexto, actores, facilitadores y obstáculos. El caso de la Cooperativa Liberté" en el marco de la Especialización en Gestión de la Economía Social y Solidaria de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. La experiencia de la Cooperativa Liberté permite dar cuenta de la relación existente entre el cooperativismo y la promoción de salud/salud mental. Identificaremos a lo largo del trabajo, el modo en que las asociaciones solidarias - mediante la construcción de ciudadanía e identidades con sentido de comunidad -, posibilitan escenarios creativos para el cuestionamiento de contextos opresores y la construcción de posibilidades de acciones colectivas, aspectos centrales para la promoción de la salud mental. Metodológicamente se trabajó con análisis de documentos y registros, observación participante con triangulación de fuentes. Se realizó un análisis de fuentes secundarias (materiales escritos y audiovisuales elaborados por la propia cooperativa), observación participante y registros de diferentes actividades llevadas adelante por la cooperativa, y entrevistas a informantes claves.

No presente trabalho serão analisados os resultados parciais de uma pesquisa em andamento no âmbito da Especialização em Gestão da Economia Social e Solidária da Universidade Nacional de Quilmes. A experiência da Cooperativa Liberté permite compreender a relação entre o cooperativismo e a promoção da saúde/saúde mental. Ao longo do trabalho, identificaremos a forma como as associações solidárias - através da construção de cidadania e de identidades com sentido de comunidade - possibilitam cenários criativos para o questionamento de contextos opressivos e a construção de possibilidades de ações coletivas, aspectos centrais para a promoção de saúde mental. Metodologicamente, trabalhamos com análise de documentos e registros, observação participante com triangulação de fontes. Foi realizada análise de fontes secundárias (materiais escritos e audiovisuais elaborados pela própria cooperativa), observação participante e registros de diversas atividades realizadas pela cooperativa e entrevistas com informantes-chave.

This paper will analyze the partial results of an ongoing research within the framework of the Specialization in Management of the Social and Solidarity Economy of the National University of Quilmes. The experience of the Liberté Cooperative allows us to understand the relationship between cooperativism and health promotion/mental health. Throughout the articule, we will identify the way in which solidarity associations - through the construction of citizenship and identities with a sense of community - enable creative scenarios for the questioning of oppressive contexts and the construction of possibilities for collective actions, central aspects for mental health promotion. Methodologically, we worked with analysis of documents and records, participant observation with triangulation of sources. An analysis of secondary sources was carried out (written and audiovisual materials prepared by the cooperative itself), participant observation and records of different activities carried out by the cooperative, and interviews with key informants.

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Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil sociofamiliar de niños y adolescentes negros con problemas de salud mental y describir desde un enfoque interseccional quién es responsable de su cuidado. Método: estudio exploratorio descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo, llevado a cabo en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infantil y Juvenil de la región norte del municipio de São Paulo. La recolección de datos se realizó con 47 familiares de niños y adolescentes negros, con el soporte de un guion con variables predefinidas, sometidas a análisis estadístico. Resultados: se realizaron 49 entrevistas, 95,5% con mujeres, con edad promedio de 39 años, 88,6% madres, 85,7% negras. La renta familiar procede del salario para el 100% de los cuidadores hombres y el 59% de las mujeres. Entre las cuidadoras negras, 25% tienen casa propia y, entre las pardas, 46,2%. Del total de cuidadores, el 10% vive en casas ocupadas, el 20% vive en viviendas cedidas, el 35% tiene casa propia y el 35% alquila. La red de contención social es mayor entre los blancos (16,7%), seguidos por los pardos (3,8%) y está ausente entre los negros (0%). Conclusión: las responsables por el cuidado de niños y e adolescentes negros atendidos en el CAPSij, son, casi en su totalidad mujeres, "madres o abuelas" negras (o mulatas), con acceso desigual a educación, trabajo y vivienda, derechos sociales constitucionales en Brasil.

Objective: to characterize the sociofamily profile of black-skinned children and adolescents with mental health problems and to intersectionally describe who assumes responsibility for their care. Method: a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed in the Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents from the North region of the municipality of São Paulo. The data were collected from 47 family members of black-skinned children and adolescents, using a script with predefined variables submitted to statistical analysis. Results: a total of 49 interviews were conducted: 95.5% women with a mean age of 39 years old, 88.6% mothers and 85.7% black-skinned. Family income comes from wages for all the male caregivers and for 59% of the women. Among the black-skinned female caregivers, 25% live in their own house, whereas this percentage is 46.2% among the brown-skinned ones. Of all the caregivers, 10% have a job, 20% live in transferred properties, 35% in houses of their own and 35% in rented places. The social support network is larger among white-skinned people (16.7%), followed by brown-skinned (3.8%), and absent among black-skinned individuals (0%). Conclusion: those responsible for the care of black-skinned children and adolescents monitored by the CAPS-IJ are almost entirely women, black-skinned (black or brown) "mothers or grandmothers", with unequal access to education, work and housing, constitutional social rights in Brazil.

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociofamiliar de crianças e adolescentes negros com problemas de saúde mental e descrever interseccionalmente quem se responsabiliza por seus cuidados. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil da região norte do município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados com 47 familiares de crianças e adolescentes negros, utilizando um roteiro com variáveis pré-definidas, submetidas à análise estatística. Resultados: foram realizadas 49 entrevistas, sendo 95,5% com mulheres, média de idade de 39 anos, 88,6% mães, 85,7% negras. A renda familiar é proveniente de salário, para 100% dos cuidadores homens e para 59% das mulheres. Dentre as cuidadoras pretas, 25% possuem casa própria, sendo que, dentre as pardas, 46,2%. Do total de cuidadores, 10% vivem em condições de ocupação, 20% habitam moradias cedidas, 35% casas próprias e 35% alugadas. A rede social de suporte é maior entre os brancos (16,7%), seguido pelos pardos (3,8%) e ausente entre os pretos (0%). Conclusão: as responsáveis pelo cuidado de crianças e adolescentes negros acompanhados pelo CAPSij, são na quase totalidade mulheres, "mães ou avós" negras (pretas ou pardas), com acesso desigual à educação, trabalho e moradia, direitos sociais constitucionais no Brasil.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de trastornos mentales y su relación con variables demográficas, antecedentes familiares y consumo de alcohol y drogas en adultos atendidos en la Unidad de Atención a la Salud Mental San Agustín, de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México, durante el período 2012-2018. Material y métodos: Estudio de diseño transversal que incluyó el registro de 4612 adultos, de entre 18 y 60 años de edad, vistos en el servicio de consulta externa de la unidad de atención referida durante el período 2012-2018. Resultados: El 50 % de los probandos fueron mujeres; y el 60 % tenían entre 18 y 39 años. Los trastornos más frecuentes encontrados fueron esquizofrenia (31,2 %), trastornos del estado de ánimo (24,1 %) y trastornos de ansiedad (21,9 %). Las variables de edad, sexo, antecedentes familiares, consumo de alcohol y drogas ilícitas se asociaron definidamente con los trastornos más frecuentes, destacando el hecho de que los trastornos del ánimo presentaron mayor prevalencia entre los jóvenes y las mujeres. Conclusión: Los hallazgos respecto a los trastornos más prevalentes, así como algunos de los factores asociados a los mismos en este estudio, son consistentes con los encontrados en otros países de la región. Esto puede constituirse en un componente importante de estrategias que mejoren perspectivas y procedimientos en la atención a la población chiapaneca con problemas de salud mental.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the frequency of mental health disorders and their relationship with socio-demographic variables and consumption of alcohol and tobacco in adults seen at the Mental Health Care Unit "San Agustín" in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, during the period 2012-2018. Method. Cross-sectional study that included 4612 adults within a range of 18-60 years old attended at Unit's outpatient service during the above mentioned period. Results. Fifty percent of the total of probands were women, 60% within a range of 18-39 years old. The most frequent disorders were schizophrenia (31.2%), mood (24.1%), and anxiety (21.9%). Variables such as age, sex, family history, and alcohol and illicit drug use were associated with the presence of the most frequent disorders. Similarly, mood disorders presented a higher prevalence among young people and women. Conclusion. The trend regarding the most prevalent disorders in this study, as well as some associated factors are consistent with those found in other countries of the region, which, in turn, can be considered as a relevant component of better strategies to improve care procedures for the Chiapas population's sectors excperiencing mental health problems.

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Objetivos. Comprender las experiencias de usuarios nuevos y continuadores de los Centros de Salud Mental Comunitaria (CSMC) de Lima y Callao, y de sus familiares, en relación a la atención en salud mental que recibieron durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo realizado entre septiembre del 2021 y febrero del 2022, en el que se entrevistó a 24 usuarios y familiares que interactuaron con los servicios brindados por tres CSMC de Lima y uno del Callao, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se realizó un análisis temático de las entrevistas transcritas. Resultados. Los informantes percibieron que la pandemia exacerbó los síntomas de las personas con problemas de salud mental. Durante la pandemia, las atenciones de salud mental se apoyaron en el uso de tecnología, principalmente de llamadas telefónicas, las que sirvieron para monitorear el estado emocional y el tratamiento farmacológico de los usuarios, así como para programar y recordar citas. Los usuarios destacan que las llamadas telefónicas frecuentes les hicieron sentirse acompañados y resaltan el compromiso de los trabajadores de los CSMC. Como dificultades, reportan el incremento en la demanda de atención, problemas para acceder a videollamadas, y menor calidad en las atenciones virtuales. Conclusiones. La COVID-19 impactó emocionalmente a las personas con problemas de salud mental, a su vez, los servicios de los CSMC vieron afectada la modalidad (presencial o virtual), recursos, frecuencia, tiempo y calidad de la atención, encontrando limitaciones y beneficios en el uso de la tecnología.

Objective. To understand the experiences of new and continuing users of Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) of Lima and Callao, and their relatives, regarding the mental health care they received during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. Qualitative study conducted between September 2021 and February 2022, in which we interviewed 24 users and family members who interacted with the services provided by three CMHCs in Lima and one in Callao during the COVID-19 pandemic. We carried out a thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews. Results. Participants perceived that the pandemic exacerbated the symptoms of people with mental health problems. During the pandemic, mental health care relied on the use of technology, mainly telephone calls, which were used to monitor the emotional state and pharmacological treatment of users, as well as to schedule and remember appointments. The users emphasized that frequent telephone calls made them feel accompanied and highlighted the commitment of the CMHC workers. Among the difficulties, they reported an increase in the demand for care, problems in accessing video calls, and low quality in virtual care. Conclusions. COVID-19 had an emotional impact on people with mental health problems; in turn, CMHC services were affected by the type of care (face-to-face or virtual), resources, frequency, time and quality of care, finding limitations and benefits in the use of technology.

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In recent decades, public policies of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil have structured a community mental health care network (RAPS) based on various community actions and services. This study carried out evaluative research on the implementation of the structure and process dimensions of this care network in Minas Gerais, the second most populous state of Brazil, generating indicators that can enhance the strategic management of the public health system in the strengthening the psychosocial care in the state. The application of a multidimensional instrument, previously validated (IMAI-RAPS), in 795 of the 853 municipalities in Minas Gerais was carried out between June and August 2020. Regarding the structural dimension, we noticed an adequate implementation of services like 'Family Health Strategy,' 'Expanded Family Health Center,' and 'Psychosocial Care Centers' but a lack of 'Beds in General Hospitals' destinated to mental health care, 'Unified Electronic Medical Records' and 'Mental Health Training Activities for Professionals.' In the process dimension, adequate implementation of actions such as 'Multidisciplinary and Joint Care,' 'Assistance to Common Mental Disorders by Primary Health Care,' 'Management of Psychiatric Crises in Psychosocial Care Centers,' 'Offer of Health Promotion Actions,' and 'Discussion of Cases by Mental Health Teams' point to a form of work consistent with the guidelines. However, we detected difficulties in the implementation of 'Psychosocial Rehabilitation Actions,' 'Productive Inclusion,' 'User Protagonism,' 'Network Integration,' and practical activities for the effectiveness of collaborative care. We found a better implementation of the mental health care network in more populous, demographically dense, and socioeconomically developed cities, which shows the importance of regional sharing of services that are not possible for small cities. The evaluation practices of mental health care networks are scarce throughout the Brazilian territory, a fact also found in Minas Gerais, highlighting the need for its expansion not only in the scientific sphere but also in the daily life of the various levels of management.

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Measuring the quality of care received by patients of mental health services is necessary to determine the effectiveness of prevention programs and mental health treatment. This study translated the original Swedish Quality in Psychiatric Care-Outpatient (QPC-OP) instrument to Brazilian Portuguese, adapted it to the context of Brazilian psychosocial care centers (CAPS), and evaluated its psychometric properties. The instrument was translated and back-translated by two independent professional translators. A seven-person expert group of professionals and 31 psychiatric outpatients verified the content validity of the Brazilian Portuguese QPC-OP, which then was completed by 253 outpatients from 16 CAPS in São Paulo, Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed adequate goodness of fit for the factor structure corresponding to the original Swedish version, except for the discharge dimension. Three additional items added in the Brazilian Portuguese QPC-OP formed a separate factor. The internal consistency of the entire scale was excellent but low in some dimensions. In conclusion, the translation and cultural adaptation of the Brazilian Portuguese QPC-OP was satisfactory, and the psychometric evaluation demonstrated that the concept of quality of mental health care is similarly understood in the Brazilian and Swedish cultural context. Thus, the Brazilian Portuguese QPC-OP is a useful instrument for assessing the quality of care in the Brazilian CAPS context and will be useful in quality assurance and in cross-cultural research addressing quality of mental health care from the patient's perspective.

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BACKGROUND: This study aims to describe the training offered and the availability of professionals required by the Ministry of Health for mental health problems management in the community. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the training offered in mental health in Peruvian universities. A search for programs was conducted using the University Information System database and universities' websites, as well as using the Ministry of Health's database on health personnel and data on the number of enrolled and current students provided by the University Information System database and the Transparency section of the universities. RESULTS: There were 214 undergraduate, 55 specialty and 7 subspecialty programmes, of which 39%, 47% and 100%, respectively, were offered in the capital city. The duration ranged from 5 to 7 years for undergraduate programs and from 1 to 3 years for subspecialty and second specialty programs. The cost of undergraduate programs ranged from free of charge up to USD 6863.75 for the first semester of study. Second specialty programs ranged from 720 up to 11 986 USD and subspecialty programs ranged from 2267 up to 9138 USD, with medicine being the most expensive. On the other hand, there are a greater number of psychology students (n = 78 781) pursuing undergraduate studies than working professionals (n = 5368), while in the second specialty of psychiatry there are far fewer students pursuing the specialty (n = 67) than working professionals (n = 454). CONCLUSIONS: The problem of professional training in mental health requires that the institutions involved in health and education develop policies to decentralize programs, communicate the demand for professionals in certain areas, make them accessible to the low-income population, respond to mental health problems and guarantee their quality. On the other hand, regarding the low number of mental health personnel working, it is suggested to increase the mental health budget to generate more mental health services and employment.

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RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar a prática do acolhimento na atenção psicossocial para o cuidado centrado na pessoa. Método: pesquisa social, modalidade estratégica, de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada no referencial do Método Clínico Centrado na Pessoa, realizada com 17 profissionais de dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da Região Central do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário de caracterização profissiográfica e entrevistas individuais, online, entre junho e agosto de 2021. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: a categoria temática "Prática do acolhimento na atenção psicossocial" contemplou três categorias que evidenciaram o que é praticado pelos profissionais no acolhimento: 1. questões familiares; 2. questões de saúde; 3. questões psicossociais. Considerações finais: há avanços na prática de acolher de alguns profissionais que se aproxima do modelo de atenção psicossocial, porém, há a necessidade de educação permanente para que o acolhimento centrado na pessoa seja uma ação corriqueira nos serviços.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the practice of welcoming people into psychosocial care for personcentered care. Method: A qualitative, strategic social research study based on the PersonCentered Clinical Method, conducted with 17 professionals from two Psychosocial Care Centers in the Central Region of Brazil. Data were collected using a questionnaire to characterize the profession and individual online interviews between June and August 2021. The data was subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: the thematic category "Practice of welcoming in psychosocial care" included three categories that showed what is practiced by professionals in welcoming: 1. Family issues; 2. Health issues; 3. Psychosocial issues. Final considerations: there has been progress in the welcoming practices of some professionals, which is closer to the psychosocial care model, but there is a need for ongoing education so that person-centered welcoming becomes a common action in the services.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la práctica de la acogida en la atención psicosocial para una atención centrada en la persona. Método: Estudio cualitativo de investigación social estratégica basado en el Método Clínico Centrado en la Persona, realizado con 17 profesionales de dos Centros de Atención Psicosocial de la Región Centro de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario de caracterización profesional y entrevistas individuales online entre junio y agosto de 2021. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la categoría temática "Práctica del acogimiento en la atención psicosocia" incluía tres categorías que mostraban lo que practican los profesionales en la acogida: 1. cuestiones familiares; 2. cuestiones sanitarias; 3. cuestiones psicosociales. Consideraciones finales: se ha avanzado en la práctica acogedora de algunos profesionales, más cercana al modelo de atención psicosocial, pero es necesaria una formación continuada para que el acogimiento centrado en la persona se convierta en una acción rutinaria en los servicios.

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Objetivo: analisar as repercussões da intervenção educativa do enfermeiro com o uso do Guia da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação para usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com referencial metodológico na Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, realizado com 27 usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial que participaram de grupos de intervenção educativa. Empregou-se o princípio da triangulação dos dados, com quatro diferentes fontes de dados, observação participante, entrevista conversação, grupos e diário de campo. A análise dos dados envolveu processos de apreensão, síntese, teorização e transferência. Resultados: a intervenção educativa propiciou aos usuários mais empoderamento frente ao tratamento, organização de estratégias de enfrentamento dos problemas e cooperou para a cogestão do tratamento. Conclusão: o Guia da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação mostrou-se um instrumento importante no âmbito da educação em saúde para a prática assistencial do enfermeiro, e contribuiu para o compartilhamento de cuidado e de autonomia no processo de reabilitação psicossocial. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the repercussions of the educational intervention of nurses using the Guide to the Autonomous Management of Medication for users of a Psychosocial Care Center. Methods: qualitative study, with a methodological framework in the Convergent Care Research, carried out with 27 users of a Psychosocial Care Center who participated in educational intervention groups. The principle of data triangulation was used, with four different data sources, participant observation, conversational interview, groups and field diary. Data analysis involved processes of apprehension, synthesis, theorization and transfer. Results: the educational intervention provided users with more empowerment regarding the treatment, organization of coping strategies for the problems and cooperated for the co-management of the treatment. Conclusion: The Autonomous Medication Management Guide proved to be an important instrument in the context of health education for the nursing care practice, and contributed to the sharing of care and autonomy in the psychosocial rehabilitation process. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar las repercusiones de la intervención educativa de enfermeros utilizando la Guía para el Manejo Autónomo de Medicamentos para usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, con marco metodológico en la Investigación de Atención Convergente, realizado con 27 usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial que participaron en grupos de intervención educativa. Se utilizó el principio de triangulación de datos, con cuatro fuentes de datos diferentes, observación participante, entrevista conversacional, grupos y diario de campo. El análisis de datos involucró procesos de aprehensión, síntesis, teorización y transferencia. Resultados: la intervención educativa proporcionó a los usuarios un mayor empoderamiento con respecto al tratamiento, organización de estrategias de afrontamiento de los problemas y cooperó para el co-manejo del tratamiento. Conclusión: La Guía de Manejo Autónomo de Medicamentos demostró ser un instrumento importante en el contexto de la educación en salud para la práctica del cuidado de enfermería, y contribuyó a la compartición del cuidado y la autonomía en el proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial. (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: The Brazilian psychiatric reform has revolutionized the way that mental health care is provided all over the country, introducing the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) and encouraging care at liberty. The CAPS have been assigned many objectives, such as prevention of hospitalizations and intervention in crises or suicide. This paper aims to describe the correlation between the implementation of CAPS and the rates of psychiatric hospitalizations and suicides from 2008 to 2018. METHODS: This study has an ecological time series design and included residents of the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, who were hospitalized through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). The data were obtained from official databases (DATASUS, CNES, and IBGE) and indicators were calculated (CAPS coverage, hospitalization rate, and suicide rate). Associations between the indicators were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: We found a negative correlation between provision of CAPS and psychiatric hospitalizations (r = -0.607 p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that there is a negative correlation between implementation of the CAPS and psychiatric hospitalizations. This reinforces the importance of implementing policies related to improving psychiatric reform.

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Resumo Visando compreender as múltiplas versões de realidade produzidas nas práticas cotidianas da rede relacional de uma criança à qual se referem problemas de comportamentos externalizantes, no campo da saúde mental, este artigo relata um estudo de caso, realizado em 2017, a partir das abordagens da Teoria Ator-Rede e das Práticas Discursivas e Produção de Sentidos no Cotidiano. O referente empírico da pesquisa é um menino com hipótese diagnóstica de TDAH e TOD, articulado com actantes humanos e não humanos em dimensões diversas de suas relações. Os resultados expõem as interatuações cotidianas, atravessadas por conflitos intergeracionais, produzindo realidades e sentidos heterogêneos, no trânsito entre ideias aparentemente antagônicas (angelical-diabólico/criança-adulto). A criança, com seus comportamentos diversos, tal qual os adultos, atua e é atuada em relações de poder, numa coprodução fluida de conflitos e entendimentos que expressam versões sempre incertas e localizadas do que seria "a criança com comportamentos externalizantes".

Resumen Con el objetivo de comprender las múltiples versiones de la realidad que se producen en las prácticas cotidianas de la red relacional de un niño a la que se refieren los problemas de comportamiento externalizante, en el campo de la salud mental, este artículo relata un estudio de caso, realizado en 2017, a partir de los enfoques de la Teoría Actor-Red y Prácticas Discursivas y Producción de Sentidos en la Vida Cotidiana. El referente empírico de la investigación es un niño con hipótesis diagnóstica de TDAH y TND, articulado con actantes humanos y no humanos en diferentes dimensiones de sus relaciones. Los resultados exponen las interacciones cotidianas, atravesadas por conflictos intergeneracionales, produciendo realidades y significados heterogéneos, en el tránsito entre ideas aparentemente antagónicas (angelical-diabólica/niño-adulto). Los niños, con sus diferentes conductas, al igual que los adultos, actúan y son actuados en relaciones de poder, en una fluida coproducción de conflictos y entendimientos que expresan versiones siempre inciertas y localizadas de lo que sería "el niño con conductas externalizantes".

Abstract Aiming to understand the multiple versions of reality produced in the daily practices of a child's relational network to which externalizing behavior problems refer, in the field of mental health, this article reports a case study, carried out in 2017, based on the approaches of the Actor-Network and Discursive Practices and Production of Meanings in Everyday Life. The empirical referent of the research is a boy with a diagnostic hypothesis of ADHD and ODD, articulated with human and non-human actants in different dimensions of their relationships. The results expose everyday interactions, crossed by intergenerational conflicts, producing heterogeneous realities and meanings, in the transit between apparently antagonistic ideas (angelic-diabolical/child-adult). Children, with ir different behaviors, just like adults, acts and are acted upon in power relations, in a fluid co-production of conflicts and understandings that express always uncertain and localized versions of what would be "the child with externalizing behaviors".

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Abstract Introduction The Brazilian psychiatric reform has revolutionized the way that mental health care is provided all over the country, introducing the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) and encouraging care at liberty. The CAPS have been assigned many objectives, such as prevention of hospitalizations and intervention in crises or suicide. This paper aims to describe the correlation between the implementation of CAPS and the rates of psychiatric hospitalizations and suicides from 2008 to 2018. Methods This study has an ecological time series design and included residents of the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, who were hospitalized through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). The data were obtained from official databases (DATASUS, CNES, and IBGE) and indicators were calculated (CAPS coverage, hospitalization rate, and suicide rate). Associations between the indicators were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results We found a negative correlation between provision of CAPS and psychiatric hospitalizations (r = -0.607 p = 0.048). Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that there is a negative correlation between implementation of the CAPS and psychiatric hospitalizations. This reinforces the importance of implementing policies related to improving psychiatric reform.

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Objetivo: analisar os significados da prática da automutilação na adolescência na perspectiva de adolescentes, seus responsáveis e profissionais de saúde. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 7 adolescentes, 20 responsáveis e 6 profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil da região central do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais, com os responsáveis e profissionais, e grupo focal com os adolescentes. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiu a categoria temática "Significados da automutilação", contemplando sete subcategorias: "Psicopatologia"; "Comunicação social"; "Identificação de pares"; "Regular emoções"; "Sentimentos gerados"; "Intencionalidade da ação" e "Dependência". Conclusão: há uma desconexão dos significados atribuídos à automutilação pelos adolescentes, responsáveis legais e profissionais. Os diferentes significados na compreensão da automutilação podem interferir na assertividade do cuidado ofertado pelos profissionais aos adolescentes, e na percepção dos responsáveis legais de que é necessário buscar ajuda, assim como na motivação dos adolescentes em aderir ao atendimento.

Objective: to analyze the meanings of the practice of self-harm in adolescence from the perspective of adolescents, their legal guardians and health professionals. Methods:descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study. Participants were 7 adolescents, 20 legal guardians and 6 professionals from a Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents in the central region of Brazil. Data were collected through individual interviews with guardians and professionals, and focus groups with adolescents. Thematic content analysis was used in data analysis. Results: the thematic category "Meanings of self-harm" emerged, covering seven subcategories: "Psychopathology"; "Social communication"; "Peer identification"; "Regulating emotions"; "Generated feelings"; "Intentionality of action" and "Dependency". Conclusion: there is a disconnection of the meanings attributed to self-harm by adolescents, legal guardians and professionals. The different meanings in the understanding of self-harm can interfere with the assertiveness of the care offered by professionals to adolescents, in the perception of legal guardians regarding the need to seek help, and in adolescents' motivation to adherence to care.

Objetivo: analizar los significados de la práctica de autolesiones en la adolescencia en la perspectiva de los adolescentes, sus tutores legales y profesionales de la salud. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cualitativo. Participaron 7 adolescentes, 20 tutores legales y 6 profesionales de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial a Niños y Adolescentes de la región central de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas individuales con tutores y profesionales, y grupos focales con adolescentes. En el análisis de datos se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: surgió la categoría temática "Significados de la autolesión", que abarca siete subcategorías: "Psicopatología"; "Comunicación social"; "Identificación de pares"; "Regular las emociones"; "Sentimientos generados"; "Intencionalidad de la acción" y "Dependencia". Conclusión: hay una desconexión de los significados atribuidos a la autolesión por los adolescentes, tutores legales y profesionales. Los diferentes significados en la comprensión de la autolesión pueden interferir en la asertividad del cuidado ofrecido por los profesionales a los adolescentes, en la percepción de los tutores legales sobre la necesidad de buscar ayuda y en la motivación de los adolescentes para la adhesión al cuidado

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