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BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders among older adults, but they are frequently underdiagnosed. Attitudes towards seeking professional mental health care is one of the barriers to access to treatment. This study was aimed at assessing the attitudes towards seeking psychological help among older adults who are enrolled in primary care in Chile, and to determine the associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 233 primary care users aged 65 or more years. The Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help was used. Reliability and factor analysis of this scale were carried out. The average scores of the scale and factors were calculated and compared, by selected variables. Multivariate linear regression was estimated to determine factors associated with attitudes towards seeking psychological help. RESULTS: Three factors were identified in the attitudes towards seeking psychological help: confidence in psychologists, coping alone with emotional problems, and predisposition to seek psychological help. On average, participants had a favorable attitude towards seeking psychological help, compared with previous research. Lower level of education, and risk of social isolation were inversely associated with these attitudes. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve mental health literacy and social connection among older adults, could have an impact on factors that mediate the access to mental health care, such as attitudes towards seeking psychological help, among people who have a lower level of education or are at risk of social isolation.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Its etiology is multifactorial and results in losses for individuals and society. The biopsychosocial model of LBP offers a comprehensive approach to assessment and interventions. Researchers investigate the relationship between LBP and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) within this concept. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze recent studies on the topic. CONTENTS: The study was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD 42020210375). The 27 articles in the corpus were selected from the Medlin/PubMed and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) databases from 2015 to 2022. Only those that investigated a possible relationship between CMD (anxiety or depression) and LBP in adult populations were included. Most articles in the corpus confirmed the relationship between LBP and CMD, however, gaps were identified regarding the direction of causality between the two outcomes and why this relationship was established. Methodological limitations in relation to sample selection and LBP assessment instruments used were also identified. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the need for studies on the topic with greater methodological criteria and with a design that allows causality to be assessed. Thus, it will be possible to guide clinical practice based on scientific evidence. Longitudinal studies with an emphasis on the biopsychosocial model can contribute to support specific therapeutic approaches.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor lombar (DL) é uma das principais causas mundiais de incapacidade. Trata-se de um desfecho cuja etiologia é reconhecidamente multifatorial, com prejuízos para os indivíduos e a sociedade. O modelo biopsicos-social da DL apresenta uma abordagem ampla, tanto na avaliação quanto nas intervenções. A relação entre DL e Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC) é objeto de estudo dentro da concepção desse modelo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os estudos recentes sobre esse tema. CONTEÚDO: O estudo foi submetido ao International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (número de registro CRD 42020210375). Os 27 artigos do corpus foram selecionados das bases de dados Medline/Pubmed e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) no período de 2015 a 2022. Foram incluídos apenas aqueles que investigaram possíveis relações entre TMC (ansiedade ou depressão) e DL em populações adultas. A maioria dos artigos do corpus confirmou a relação entre DL e TMC, no entanto foram identificadas lacunas sobre a direção de causalidade entre os dois desfechos e sobre os motivos pelos quais essa relação se estabeleceu. Também foram identificadas limitações metodológicas em relação à seleção da amostra e aos instrumentos de avaliação da dor lombar utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: Esta revisão destacou a necessidade de estudos sobre o tópico com maiores critérios metodológicos e com um desenho que permita avaliar a causalidade. Assim, será possível orientar a prática clínica baseando-se em evidências científicas. Estudos longitudinais com ênfase no modelo biopsicossocial podem contribuir para embasar abordagens terapêuticas específicas.

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BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the association between exposure to neighborhood violence and the presence of common mental disorders (CMDs) among Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Additionally, we aim to analyze whether sex, age and race are modifiers of the effect of this association. METHODS: The study comprised 1,686 adolescents residing in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, situated in the Southeast region of Brazil. To measure exposure to community violence, we constructed three crime indicators using data from Civil Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro: crimes against property, nonlethal crimes, and lethal crimes. Employing geospatial analysis based on the adolescents' residence location, logistic regression modeling was performed to measure the association between violence and CMDs. RESULTS: Adolescents living in regions with higher rates of the three types of violence studied herein were more likely to have CMDs, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.33 to 2.99. When stratified by sex, age and race, girls, older adolescents and blacks have a greater magnitude of effect on the measure of association, indicating a heightened risk for CMDs. CONCLUSION: This study provides important contributions to the public health field, as it reveals new information on the influence of community violence on the mental health of adolescents. Given the elevated rates of violence globally, knowing the effects of such violence on adolescents becomes crucial for the prevention and treatment of CMDs within this population.

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PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and common mental disorders (CMD) among women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 981 adult women (20-60 years of age) living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil, in 2015. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8). Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between obesity and CMD were measured by Poisson regression with robust variance, including their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 40.3 years (standard deviation = 11.4 years). The prevalence of CMD was 33.7% (95% CI 30.8-36.7), while obesity was 31.2% (95% CI 28.3-34.1). The occurrence of CMD was higher in women with low levels of education and belonging to lower economic class, as well as smokers and those who were insufficiently active. Obesity was more prevalent in older women (50-60 years old) with less schooling, who did not consume alcohol, and those who were insufficiently active. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women with obesity were 22% more likely to have CMD when compared to those without obesity (PR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.45; p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a significant association between obesity and the presence of CMD among women. Additionally, the prevalence of obesity and CMD were high in this population group.

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BACKGROUND: The Inner Santiago Health Study (ISHS) aimed to (i) estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD; i.e. depressive and anxiety disorders) among immigrants of Peruvian origin in Chile; (ii) determine whether such immigrants are at higher risk of CMD when compared with the native-born geographically matched population (i.e. non-immigrants); and (iii) identify factors associated with higher risk of any CMD among this immigrant group. A secondary aim was to describe access to mental health services by Peruvian immigrants meeting criteria for any CMD. METHODS: Findings are based on a population-based cross-sectional household mental health survey of 608 immigrant and 656 non-immigrant adults (18-64 years) residing in Santiago de Chile. Diagnoses of ICD-10 depressive and anxiety disorders and of any CMD were obtained using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The relationships between demographic, economic, psychosocial, and migration-specific predictor variables, and risk of any CMD were analyzed with a series of stepwise multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The one-week prevalence of any CMD was 29.1% (95% CI: 25.2-33.1) among immigrants and 34.7% (95% CI: 30.7-38.7) among non-immigrants. Depending on the statistical model used in the pooled sample, we found the prevalence of any CMD among non-immigrants to be higher (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.05-2.25) or similar (OR=1.34; 95% CI: 0.94-19.2) when compared with immigrants. In the multivariate stepwise regression of any CMD in immigrants only, the prevalence was higher for females, those with primary compared to higher education, in debt and exposed to discrimination. Conversely, higher levels of functional social support, sense of comprehensibility, and manageability were associated with a lower risk of any CMD in immigrants. In addition, no differences were observed between immigrants and non-immigrants reporting any CMD in mental health service utilization. CONCLUSION: Our results evidence high levels of current CMD in this immigrant group, particularly amongst women. However, lower adjusted prevalence of any CMD in immigrants compared to non-immigrants was limited to preliminary statistical models, thus failing to provide clear support for a "healthy immigrant effect". The study sheds new light on differences in CMD prevalence by immigrant status in Latin America by examining differential exposure to risk factors in immigrant versus non-immigrant groups.

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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em quilombolas residentes em comunidades rurais localizadas no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado em 2019 a partir de entrevistas estruturadas e aplicação do Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Foi conduzida regressão logística binária. A prevalência de TMC foi de 38,7%. Houve maior chance de TMC entre quilombolas do sexo feminino (OR: 2,69; IC95% 2,00-3,62), com 1 a 8 anos de estudo (OR: 1,70; IC95% 1,15-2,51), renda familiar entre 1 a 1,5 salário mínimo (OR: 2,51; IC95% 1,60-3,94); que sofreram discriminação em serviços de saúde (OR: 2,44; IC95% 1,44-4,13); com autorrelato de doença pulmonar (OR: 2,10; IC95% 1,25-3,54), doença cardíaca (OR: 1,58; IC95% 1,01-2,50) e insuficiência renal crônica (OR: 1,97; IC95% 1,08-3,94), e com autopercepção de saúde negativa (OR: 3,07; IC95% 2,31-4,07). A alta prevalência de TMC observada neste estudo demonstra a necessidade de políticas de atenção à saúde mental voltadas para as populações vulnerabilizadas, como as comunidades quilombolas, a fim de mitigar o sofrimento mental e favorecer uma atenção profissional contextualizada com as singularidades das condições de vida e saúde desse grupo populacional.

Abstract The scope of this article is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in "quilombolas" (Afro-Brazilian residents of quilombo settlements) in rural communities located in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study of 2019 based on structured interviews and application of a Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Binary logistic regression was conducted. The prevalence of CMD was 38.7%. There was a higher preponderance of CMD among female quilombolas (OR: 2.69; 95%CI 2.00-3.62), with 1 to 8 years of schooling (OR: 1.70; 95%CI 1.15-2,51), family income of 1 to 1,5 minimum wages (OR: 2.51; 95%CI 1.60-3.94); who suffered discrimination in health services (OR: 2.44; 95%CI 1.44-4.13); with self-reported lung disease (OR: 2.10; 95%CI 1.25-3.54), heart disease (OR: 1.58; 95%CI 1.01-2.50) chronic renal failure (OR: 1.97; 95%CI 1.08-3.94), and negative self-perception of health (OR: 3.07; 95%CI 2.31-4.07). The high prevalence of CMD revealed in this study demonstrates the need for mental health care policies aimed at vulnerable populations, such as quilombola communities, in order to mitigate mental suffering and promote professional contextualized care for the idiosyncrasies of health and living conditions of this population group.

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Objetivou-se investigar a incidência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) entre gays e no intragrupo que se autoidentificam como afeminados, durante o período pandêmico. Para tanto, utilizou-se de forma remota o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) junto a 43 participantes cisgêneros, bem como fez-se entrevistas junto a 08 gays que se autoidentificam como afeminados. Encontrou-se indicativo de TMC em 60,5% dos participantes. Há uma heterogeneidade nos modos de sofrimento mental entre homens gays durante a pandemia, uma vez que marcadores sociais como raça, renda, escolaridade, local de moradia e ser gay afeminado foram determinantes para o adoecimento mental. O confinamento social durante a pandemia ampliou as vulnerabilidades, seja pela intensificação do contato com a família de origem ­ tradicionalmente conservadora e heteronormativa ­ seja pelo afastamento dos espaços da cidade e dos laços comunitários e de acolhimento LGBTQ+. A incidência de TMC foi elevada dentre os participantes, em especial, no intragrupo dos gays afeminados (87,5%), evidenciando vulnerabilidades na pandemia da Covid-19. (AU)

The objective was to investigate the incidence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) among gays and in the intragroup that self-identify aseffeminate gays,during the pandemic period. For this purpose, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used remotely with 43 cisgender participants, as well as interviews with 08 gays who recognized themselves as effeminate. Indicative of CMD was found in 60.5% of the participants. There is a heterogeneity in the modes of mental suffering among gay men during the pandemic,since social markers such as race, income, education, place of residence and being an effeminate gay were decisivefor mental illness. Social confinement during the pandemic increased vulnerabilities, either by intensifying contact with the family of origin -traditionally conservative and heteronormative -or by distancing from city spaces and LGBTQ + community and host ties. The incidence of CMD was high among the participants, especially in the intragroup of effeminate gays(87,5%), showing vulnerabilities in the Covid-19 pandemic. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la incidencia de Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) entre hombres homosexuales y en elintragrupo de hombres homosexualesautoidentificado comoafeminados,durante el período pandémico. Por lo tanto, se utilizó de forma remota el Self-ReportingQuestionnaire(SRQ-20) con 43 participantescisgéneros, así como entrevistas con08 gays que se reconocieron como afeminados. Indicativo de TMC se encontró en el 60,5% de los participantes. Existe heterogeneidad en las modalidades de sufrimiento mental entre los hombres homosexuales durante la pandemia, ya que los marcadores sociales como la raza, los ingresos, la educación, el lugar de residencia y ser homosexual fueron determinantesde lo sufrimiento mental. El confinamiento social durante la pandemia aumentó las vulnerabilidades, ya sea al intensificar el contacto con la familia de origen, tradicionalmente conservadora y heteronormativa, o al alejarse de los espacios de la ciudad y de los lazos de bienvenida comunitarios y LGBTQ +. La incidencia de TMC fue alta entre los participantes, especialmente en el intragrupo de hombres gay afeminados(87,5%), evidenciando vulnerabilidades en la pandemia de Covid-19. (AU)

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INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC), refere-se a um termo criado para designar um conjunto de sintomas não psicóticos que habitualmente estão relacionados com quadros subclínicos de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de TMC entre alunos dos Cursos Técnicos de Alimentos, Administração e Agropecuária. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa, a amostra foi composta por 253 alunos que voluntariamente responderam ao Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e a um questionário sociodemográfico. RESULTADOS: A maior parte da amostra foi do gênero feminino (63,2%), com idades entre 18 e 67 anos; 14,6% casados, 75,9% afirmaram ter uma religião e 48,6% se declaram de cor parda. A prevalência do TMC na população estudada foi de 42,3% e os principais sintomas apresentados foram: dormir mal, ter dificuldade para tomar decisões e ter falta de apetite. Foi observada uma associação significativa entre o sintoma tristeza, o vínculo de residência dos estudantes e o status marital dos seus pais. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa venham subsidiar ações de prevenção a saúde mental do estudante do ensino técnico e tecnológico.

INTRODUCTION: Common Mental Disorder (CMD) is a term created to identify a set of non-psychotic symptoms usually related to subclinical conditions of anxiety, depression and stress. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of CMD in students of a technical course in Food, Administration and Agriculture. METHOD: This is an exploratory, descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 253 students who volunteered to answer the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: Most of the sample was female (63.2%), aged between 18 and 67 years old; 14.6% were married, 75.9% claimed to have a religion and 48.6% self-identified as brown. The prevalence of CMD in the studied population was 42.3%, and the main symptoms presented were: poor sleeping, difficulty in making decisions and lack of appetite. A significant association was observed between the symptom of sadness and the students' residential situation and their parents' marital status. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The results of this research are expected to support actions to prevent mental health issues in technical and technological education students.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Trastorno Mental Común (TMC) hace referencia a un término creado para designar un conjunto de síntomas no psicóticos que suelen estar relacionados con cuadros subclínicos de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. OBJETIVO: Investigar la prevalencia de TMC en estudiantes de Carreras Técnicas de Alimentos, Administración y Agropecuaria. MÉTODO: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 253 estudiantes que respondieron voluntariamente el Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de la muestra era del sexo femenino (63,2%), con edad entre 18 y 67 años; 14,6% casados, 75,9% afirmaba tener religión y 48,6% se declaraba morena. La prevalencia de TMC en la población estudiada fue de 42,3% y los principales síntomas presentados fueron: dormir mal, tener dificultad para tomar decisiones y tener falta de apetito. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el síntoma de tristeza, el vínculo de residencia de los estudiantes y el estado civil de sus padres. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Se espera que los resultados de esta investigación subsidien acciones para prevenir la salud mental de los estudiantes de educación técnica y tecnológica.

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Introduction: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven to be effective in treating affective and somatic symptoms, which are among the leading mental health problems of health care workers (HCWs) dealing with COVID-19 (HCW-COVID-19). However, efforts to develop and evaluate the strategies required to promote its implementation in clinical practice are still scarce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To describe and evaluate the implementation process and clinical impact of a brief, remote, manualized CBT-based intervention for moderate anxiety, depressive, and somatic symptoms among Mexican HCW-COVID-19 ≥18 years old. Methods: The implementation process comprises community engagement, intervention systematization and education, leadership engagement, and team-based coaching as main strategies. A total of 26 participants completed self-report measures of symptoms before and after treatment, and a subsample of 21 answered a final questionnaire on the acceptability of the intervention. Therapists registered the techniques used in each case, regardless of whether they were part of the intervention manual. Results: The number of sessions was 4.6 (2.43). The most frequently employed techniques were those included in the intervention manual, especially identifying and modifying maladaptive thoughts, used to treat 70% of HCW-COVID-19. Supplementary techniques were implemented to enhance treatment or meet HCW-COVID-19s special needs (such as workplace issues, insomnia, COVID-19 status, and bereavement). The intervention had a significant effect (delta Cohen's coefficients ≥1), and the majority of HCW-COVID-19 were "totally satisfied" with its contents and considered it "not complex" (95.2% and 76.1%, respectively). Conclusions: Telepsychotherapy for anxiety, depression, and somatization in HCW coping with health emergencies in middle-income countries is a feasible, clinically valuable, and acceptable form of treatment.

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Resumo Introdução Na Atenção Primária à Saúde são comuns os relatos de pacientes que apresentam queixas difusas, que indicam sofrimento psíquico, mas estes frequentemente não encontram o tratamento adequado pela dificuldade por parte dos agentes de saúde em reconhecerem e lidarem com as dimensões de sofrimento que não estão classificadas na nosografia psiquiátrica. Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre transtorno mental comum em populações inscritas e acompanhadas por serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. Método Revisão Integrativa a partir de buscas de artigos publicados nas bases de dados BVS, Scielo, PubMed/Medline e Scopus, entre os anos de 1997 e 2018. Resultados As publicações revisadas apresentaram prevalências de transtorno mental comum que variaram de 20,5% a 64% em populações inscritas e acompanhadas por serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Todos os estudos evidenciaram a associação de transtorno mental comum às situações de vulnerabilidades psicossociais. Os principais fatores associados foram: ser mulher, possuir baixa renda e ter menor nível educacional. Conclusão Os estudos analisados apontam para a importância de investimento em políticas públicas com vistas a diminuir as desigualdades sociais, além de destacarem a necessidade do investimento em estratégias de prevenção e cuidados de TMC.

Abstract Backround Patients attending Primary Health Care in Brazil frequently report diffuse complaints indicating mental suffering. However, it's common that they do not find adequate treatment due to the difficulty of health agents recognizing and dealing with the dimensions of suffering that are not classified in psychiatric nosography. Objective The objective of the present study was to make an integrative review of Common Mental Disorders in populations registered and monitored by Primary Health Care services in Brazil. Method Search of articles published in the BVS, Scielo, PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases from 1997 to 2018. Results The reviewed publications showed a prevalence of Common Mental Disorders ranging from 20.5% to 64% in populations attending primary health care services. All the studies showed an association between the Common Mental Disorders and situations of psychosocial vulnerability. The main associated factors were: being a woman, having a low income, and having a lower level of education. Conclusion The studies point out the importance of investing in public policies to reduce social inequalities. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of investing in strategies for the prevention and care of Common Mental Disorders among populations attending primary health care in Brazil.

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BACKGROUND: Arts-based methodologies can be beneficial to identify different representations of stigmatized topics such as mental health conditions. This study used a theater-based workshop to describe manifestations, representations, and potential causes of depression and anxiety as perceived by adolescents and young adults. METHODS: The theater company Teatro La Plaza conducted three online sessions with a group of adolescents and another with a group of young adults from Lima, Peru. The artistic outputs, which included images, similes, monologues, and narrations, were used to describe the experiences of depression and anxiety symptoms following a content analysis using posteriori categories. RESULTS: Seventeen participants joined the sessions. The artistic outputs showed: physical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional manifestations of depression and anxiety; a perception that both disorders have a cyclical nature; and an awareness that it is often difficult to notice symptom triggers. The mandatory social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic was highlighted as an important symptom trigger, mostly linked to anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with the literature, especially with regard to the manifestations, representations, and potential causes that trigger depression and anxiety. Using arts-based methods allowed adolescents and young adults to expand the articulation of their representations of mental disorders.

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Abstract Introduction Threats to mental health and psychological well-being have been considered among the most challenging dimensions to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To track the occurrence of significant anxiety and depression symptoms and the level of worry among residents in Brazil in June 2020. Method The final sample totaled 4,805 participants from all Brazilian states. A sociodemographic and health questionnaire (with questions related to COVID-19), the translated versions of the Meta-Worry Questionnaire, and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) were used. Inferential analyses were computed using the Multinomial Logistic Regression (backward stepwise) in which the PHQ-4 findings were stratified into four categories: no symptoms, only anxiety symptoms, only depression symptoms, and both symptoms. Results Research findings have shown that there are characteristics that predict greater exposure to significant symptoms of anxiety and depression (gender, age, and level of worry), with level of worry being the variable with the greatest impact on the model. Discussion and conclusion These data found during the COVID-19 pandemic intra-crisis period allow for early prediction of the negative outcomes associated with the pandemic, such as common mental disorders, and allocating interventions to help people to rationally deal with the stress related to this moment, regulating their emotions, and improving their overall mental health.

Resumen Introducción Las amenazas a la salud mental y el bienestar psicológico se han considerado entre las dimensiones más desafiantes de abordar en la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo Rastrear la ocurrencia de síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión y el nivel de preocupación entre los residentes en Brasil en junio de 2020. Método La muestra final totalizó 4,805 participantes de todos los estados brasileños. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud (con preguntas relacionadas con el COVID-19), las versiones traducidas del Cuestionario Meta-Preocupación y el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente de 4 ítems (PHQ-4). Los análisis inferenciales se calcularon utilizando la regresión logística multinomial (backward stepwise) en la que los hallazgos de PHQ-4 se estratificaron en cuatro categorías: sin síntomas, solo síntomas de ansiedad, solo síntomas de depresión y ambos síntomas. Resultados Los hallazgos de la investigación han demostrado que existían características que predecían una mayor exposición a síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión (género, edad y nivel de preocupación), siendo el nivel de preocupación la variable de mayor impacto en el modelo. Discusión y conclusión Los datos finales permiten la predicción temprana de los resultados negativos asociados con la pandemia, como los trastornos mentales comunes, y la asignación de intervenciones para ayudar a las personas a enfrentar racionalmente el estrés relacionado con este momento mediante una regulación de sus emociones y un mejoramiento de su salud mental.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders (CMDs) have been correlated with consequences in different domains of life. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the prevalence rates of CMDs and factors associated with them among students at Brazilian medical schools. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies developed in Brazilian medical schools. METHODS: In October 2021, searches were carried out in seven electronic databases, in Google Scholar and in reference lists. Observational studies reporting prevalence rates of CMDs among students at Brazilian medical schools were sought. Variables associated with CMDs arising from multivariate regression models were included in the synthesis. A meta-analysis was developed using a random-effects model and the risk of bias was assessed using an instrument developed from previous references. RESULTS: Fourteen original studies were included. The pooled prevalence rate of CMDs among undergraduate students at Brazilian medical schools was 43.3% (95% confidence interval = 38.9% to 47.6%; I2 = 87%; n = 3,927). Among the nine studies in which multivariate analyses were conducted, five showed risk associations between CMDs and medical school-related dissatisfactions, among which the desire to abandon the medical course can be highlighted (n = 3). In three studies, CMDs were associated with sleep indicators. CONCLUSION: Considering that the prevalence of CMDs among medical students is higher than in the general population, we recommend that Brazilian medical schools should give greater attention to this topic, and should enable expansion of care offerings relating to mental health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42020142184).

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BACKGROUND: Policies of migration contention can interrupt the transit of people on the move, forcing them to remain in wait in non-destination countries. This liminal condition might impact negatively on migrants' mental health. AIMS: To assess the relationship between interrupted transit and common mental disorders (CMD; symptoms of depression or anxiety), among migrants in shelters in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey conducted in November to December 2020 and February to April 2021. We assessed depressive symptoms with the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D-7), and symptoms of anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2). We evaluated the association of being in interrupted transit (sent back from the United States to Mexico), as compared to having not crossed to the United States yet or planning to stay in Mexico, with having a CMD (either depressive or anxiety symptoms), as well as the association of other migration-related variables with CMD. RESULTS: Being in interrupted transit (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.12, 2.71]), and having experienced violence during transit (OR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.63, 3.82]) were associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS: Interrupted transit is a potential risk factor for mental health problems among migrants. Migration and public health policies should consider the mental health consequences of interrupted transit, and promote initiatives to address the mental health needs of migrants on the move.

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OBJECTIVE: This study explored the association between common mental disorders (CMD) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) in women, while considering poor sleep quality as a potential effect modifier of this relationship. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1068 women (age 20-69 years) living in the urban area of São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. CLBP was defined as pain lasting for ≥3 months; CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20; score ≥8); poor sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; score ≥5). Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of CLBP, CMD, and poor sleep quality was 46.8% (95% CI: 43.8-49.8), 33.5% (95% CI: 30.3-36.3), and 42.3% (95% CI: 39.3-45.2), respectively. Poor sleep quality was a significant modifier of the association between CMD and CLBP. Among women with poor sleep quality, women with CMD had a 48% higher probability of having CLBP compared to women without CMD and after adjustment for confounders (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.23-1.77; p < 0.001). The relationship between CMD and CLBP was not statistically significant in women with good sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a significant relationship between CMD and CLBP, wherein poor sleep quality acted as an effect modifier. Women with CMD and poor sleep quality were more vulnerable to CLBP.

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BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and common mental disorders are prevalent conditions. However, the relationship of MetS and its components with depression, anxiety, and common mental disorders has not been sufficiently addressed in low-/middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether depression, anxiety, and common mental disorders are associated with MetS and its components in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of the ELSA-Brasil baseline visit (2008-2010) was performed. Adults without cardiovascular diseases had their MetS status defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We assessed mental disorders using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. We employed multiple logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The dependent variables were mental disorders, and the independent variables were MetS and its components. We also performed analyses stratified by age and gender. RESULTS: Our sample included 12,725 participants (54.9% women, mean age of 51.8 ± 8.9 y). MetS and depressive disorders were significantly associated (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-1.85). Increased abdominal circumference (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.29-1.84), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.50), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.11-1.60), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (only when adjusted for sociodemographic factors) (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.52) were also associated with depression. This association remained significant for all stratified analyses. Finally, MetS was also significantly associated with anxiety disorders (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.32) and common mental disorders (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.17-1.39). CONCLUSIONS: Our cross-sectional findings suggested that depression, anxiety, and common mental disorder are associated with MetS. Depression was also associated with abdominal obesity, elevated blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with hypertension.

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Resumen Los profesionales de la salud de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) enfrentan situaciones de sufrimiento humano, competitividad y demanda, que podrían perjudicar su calidad de vida y su salud mental. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los trastornos mentales comunes y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en profesionales de la salud de la UCI en Salvador, Brasil. Este estudio transversal con 195 profesionales utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, el Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) de trastornos mentales comunes y el 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2) de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. El 29.7 % de los profesionales presentaron trastornos mentales comunes, especialmente entre profesionales de enfermería (RP = 2.28; IC 1.19-4.39; p = .007). La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud para todos los profesionales estuvo disminuida, principalmente en función social (44.25 ± 10.15) y rol emocional (45.86 ± 10.58). El SRQ-20 correlacionó fuertemente con los dominios dolor corporal (r = -.502), salud general (r = -.526), vitalidad (r = -.656), función social (r = -.608), salud mental (r = -.631) y el componente de salud mental (r = -.638) del SF-36v2 (p < .01). Los profesionales con trastornos mentales comunes mostraron una calidad de vida relacionada con la salud más deteriorada, esencialmente en dominios del componente de salud mental, y refirieron también dolor corporal. Es necesario discutir e implementar estrategias de evaluación, prevención y promoción de la salud mental entre los profesionales de las UCI para que sean consideradas dentro de las políticas de salud laboral.

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BACKGROUND: This study aims to analyze the association between occupational stressors, evaluated by the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model (ERI), and the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) among healthcare workers (HCW), additionally considering mediation by over-commitment from work (OW) and mediation of gender effects by work stressors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, including a random sample of 3343 HCWs, from six municipalities of Bahia, Brazil. The ERI scale measured the occupational stressors (main exposure), and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to screen for CMD. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling techniques to understand the relationships between gender, occupational stressors, and the occurrence of CMD. RESULTS: ERI and OW were associated with CMD. OW mediated the negative effect of ERI on the mental health of HCW. Female workers had higher levels of ERI, OW, and CMD prevalence; the total gender effect on CMD prevalence was mediated by ERI and OW. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the association of work psychosocial stressors and CMD among HCW, including partial mediation by OW. Gender inequalities persisted among HCW, with women most exposed to occupational stressors and CMD. ERI and OW partially mediated the effect of gender on CMD.

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Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) caracterizam-se por sintomas que causam sofrimento. Esta revisão sistemática teve por objetivo descrever e analisar artigos sobre prevalência de TMC entre universitários brasileiros. A busca foi realizada no Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com os descritores "Acadêmicos" OR "Universitários" AND "Transtornos Mentais Comuns". Dentre os 229 artigos elegíveis, foram incluídos 18. A prevalência de TMC detectada variou de 19% a 55,3%, e em 11 estudos foi maior que 40%; frequência superior às identificadas em estudos internacionais com universitários, nacionais com população geral e outras amostras. Sugere-se medidas de atenção em saúde mental para este público.

Common Mental Disorders (CMD) are characterized by symptoms that cause suffering. This systematic review aimed to describe and analyze articles on the prevalence of CMD among Brazilian university students. The search was carried out on the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Portal using the keywords "Academic" OR "University Students" AND "Common Mental Disorders". Among the 229 eligible articles, 18 were included. The prevalence of CMD detected ranged from 19% to 55.3%, and in 11 studies it was greater than 40%; higher than when compared to international studies with university students, nationals with general population and other samples. Mental health care interventions are suggested for this public.

Los Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) se caracterizan por síntomas que causan sufrimiento. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar artículos sobre la prevalencia de Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) entre estudiantes universitarios brasileños. La búsqueda se realizó en el Portal de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud con los descriptores "Académicos" OR " Universitarios" AND "Trastornos Mentales Comunes". Entre los 229 artículos elegibles, se incluyeron 18. La prevalencia de TMC detectada osciló entre el 19% y el 55,3%, y en 11 estudios fue superior al 40%. Dicha frecuencia es más alta que las identificadas en estudios internacionales con universitarios, nacionales con población general y otras muestras. Se sugieren medidas de atención en salud mental para este público.

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Mental health is a key issue for populations affected by conflict. The evidence base on the mental health of internally displaced Colombians is undefined, as well as protective strategies utilised by this group. This systematic literature review aims to identify and assess the evidence base on the mental health of Colombian internally displaced persons (IDPs). Specific objectives are to examine (1) prevalence and incidence rates of common mental disorders (CMDs) amongst adult Colombian IDPs, (2) risk factors associated with CMDs amongst this group, and (3) coping strategies used by these displaced persons. A database search was conducted in May 2021. Included studies reported quantitative and/or qualitative mental health outcomes of CMDs, and/or coping strategies, among Colombian IDPs. The search yielded 34 articles. Study quality ranged from adequate to poor, with several containing serious shortcomings. PTSD prevalence ranged from 1.2%-97.3%, anxiety from 0.0%-60.0%, depression from 5.1%-100%, and problematic alcohol use from 8.0%-33.5%. Factors significantly associated with CMDs were inconsistent. Seeking social support and problem-solving strategies were the two most-commonly reported coping strategies. Associations between mental health and coping were largely unreported. As the evidence base is weak, there is a clear need for better quality research in this area.

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