RESUMO
Em um artigo de 1912, Spielrein apresenta ideias que se tornarão fundamentais para Freud a partir de 1920: o instinto de morte e a suposição de que haveria um funcionamento psíquico mais primitivo do que aquele regido pelo princípio do prazer. Já no final dos anos 1960, o filósofo Deleuze apoia-se nos argumentos de Freud, particularmente no texto Além do princípio de prazer (1920), para conceber o instinto de morte como princípio transcendental. O objetivo deste artigo é aproximar estes dois autores, Spielrein e Deleuze, que se conectam por meio do conceito de instinto de morte, justamente no ponto em que mais parecem se afastar das concepções freudianas. Apesar de desenvolverem suas ideias em diálogo com Freud, tanto Spielrein como Deleuze divergem dele ao insistirem na proposição de um inconsciente impessoal e na dissolução do eu como fundamento da criação.
In an article of 1912, Spielrein presents ideas that will become fundamental to Freud in 1920: the death instinct and the assumption that there would be a more primitive psychic operation than the one governed by the pleasure principle. In the late 1960s, the philosopher Deleuze relies on Freud's arguments (more specifically on the 1920's essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle) to conceive the death instinct as a transcendental principle. The aim of this article is to bring together Spielrein and Deleuze, who are connected through the concept of the death instinct precisely at the point where they seem to most distance themselves from Freudian conceptions. Although they develop their ideas in dialogue with Freud, both Spielrein and Deleuze diverge from him by insisting on the proposition of an impersonal unconscious and on the dissolution of the self as the foundation of creation.
RESUMO
In 'Destruction as Cause of Come-into-being', Spielrein argues for the need of postulating the existence of a death instinct in mental functioning. The idea that she thus anticipated the concept of death instinct Freud introduced in 1920 is often found in psychoanalytic literature. But the specific meaning of Spielrein's hypothesis is seldom discussed, as well as the extent to which she anticipated Freud's concept. In fact, there are important differences between their views. Besides, a closer analysis of Spielrein's text reveals other ideas that come close to fundamental aspects of Freud's theories from 1920 onwards, particularly the assumption of a more primordial mental functioning than the one regulated by the pleasure principle. But also here there are important differences between the views sustained by both authors. With this in view, the objective of this paper is firstly to discuss some hypotheses formulated by Spielrein in her 1912 work in order to elucidate her concept of death instinct as well as her hypothesis of the existence of a more primitive mental functioning than the one governed by the pleasure principle. Next, the question of the possible similarities and differences with regard to Freud's concepts is also addressed.
Assuntos
Instinto , Prazer , Psicanálise/história , Teoria Psicanalítica , História do Século XX , HumanosRESUMO
O pensamento e a vida de Sabina Spielrein têm despertado um interesse crescente nas últimas décadas, embora sua contribuição teórica tenha ficado em segundo plano em relação a sua biografia. Uma das ideias mais difundidas é a de que ela teria antecipado o conceito freudiano de pulsão de morte, em seu texto Die Destruktion als Ursache des Werdens. No entanto, pouco se discute sobre o sentido da sua hipótese e uma análise atenta revela que há diferenças fundamentais que distanciam suas ideias das de Freud. Nesse texto, pretendemos retomar alguns pontos da teoria formulada por Spielrein em seu texto de 1912, tendo em vista melhor elucidar o seu conceito de instinto de morte.
Lintérêt pour la pensée et la vie de Sabina Spielrein sest accru lors des dernières décennies, même si ses contributions théoriques sont restées en second plan par rapport à sa biographie. Une des idées les plus répandues, cest quelle aurait anticipé le concept freudien de pulsion de mort dans son texte Die Destruktion als Ursache des Werdens. Toutefois, on discute peu le sens de son hypothèse et une analyse attentive révèle quil existe des différences fondamentales qui léloignent de Freud. Dans ce texte nous aurons reprendre certains points de la théorie formulée par Spielrein dans son texte de 1912 avec le but délucider son concept dinstinct de mort.
El pensamiento y la vida de Sabina Spielrein han despertado un interés creciente en las últimas décadas, aunque su contribución teórica haya quedado en segundo plano respecto de su biografía. Una de las ideas más difundidas es que ella habría anticipado el concepto freudiano de pulsión de muerte en su texto Die Destruktion als Ursache des Wedens. Sin embargo, no se ha discutido suficientemente el sentido de su hipótesis y un análisis pormenorizado revela la existencia de diferencias fundamentales que la distancian de Freud. En este texto pretendemos retomar algunos puntos de la teoría formulada por Spielrein en su texto de 1912 con el objetivo de elucidar su concepto de instinto de muerte.
Sabina Spielreins thought and life have attracted an increasing interest in the last decades, although her theoretical contribution has remained in the background in comparison with her biography. One of the most widespread ideas is that in Die Destruktion als Ursache des Werdens she anticipated the Freudian concept of death drive. However, the specific meaning of her hypothesis is seldom discussed and, in fact, there are fundamental differences between their views. The objective of this article is to discuss some hypotheses formulated by Spielrein in her 1912 work in order to better elucidate her concept of death drive.