RESUMO
The most recent dam rupture in Brazil released tons of mining tailings into the upper course of the Paraopeba River, affecting this river in an unprecedented way. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of heavy metals on Prochilodus costatus, an important commercial species in Brazil, four years after the dam colapse. To this end, biomarkers of heavy metals, oxidative stress, and environmental stress were analyzed, and histological analyses of target organs were performed. The results demonstrated critical contamination of fish from the Paraopeba River. Increased expression of Metallothioneins - MTs, Heat Shock Protein - HSP70, and inducible nitric oxide synthase - iNOS, as well as greater rates of histological changes in the liver, spleen, and gonads, were observed in P. costatus. These findings demonstrate that, despite past contamination, the metals present in mining tailings have significantly increased the contamination of the Paraopeba River basin.
Assuntos
Fígado , Metalotioneína , Metais Pesados , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Brasil , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/metabolismo , Caraciformes/metabolismo , Masculino , Gônadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Gônadas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , FemininoRESUMO
Introducción: el colapso trasversal maxilar se define como el desarrollo insuficiente del maxilar en sentido trasversal. Es uno de los problemas más perjudiciales en el crecimiento facial y la integridad de las estructuras dentoalveolares. Objetivo: identificar la cantidad colapsos transversales del maxilar en tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) y la decisión terapéutica propuesta. Material y métodos: se examinó un total de 52 expedientes con CBCT del Postgrado de Ortodoncia de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa determinándose los casos de colapso trasversal maxilar a través del análisis de Penn. La información recolectada fue capturada en una base de datos, utilizando el programa Excel, y se analizó con un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: se encontraron 32 pacientes con colapso trasversal maxilar de un total 44 pacientes atendidos. El modelo de regresión logística no mostró asociación entre la presencia de colapso maxilar y el uso de tratamientos con el que resolvieran el colapso maxilar. Conclusión: existe gran cantidad de pacientes con colapso maxilar; sin embargo, el plan de tratamiento no muestra tratar de resolver estos colapsos maxilares (AU)
Introduction: transverse maxillary collapse is defined as insufficient development of the maxilla in a transverse direction. It is one of the most harmful problems in facial growth and the integrity of the dentoalveolar structures. Objective: identify the number of transverse collapses of the maxilla in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the proposed therapeutic decision. Material and methods: a total of 52 records with CBCT of the orthodontics postgraduate course of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa UAS were examined, determining the cases of transverse maxillary collapse through the Pen analysis. The information collected was captured in a database using the Excel program and analyzed with a logistic regression model. Results: 32 patients with maxillary transverse collapse were found out of a total of 44 patients attended. The logistic regression model did not show an association between the presence of maxillary collapse and the use of treatments that resolved maxillary collapse. Conclusion: there is a large number of patients with maxillary collapse, however, the treatment plan does not show trying to resolve these maxillary collapses (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Anormalidades Maxilomandibulares/terapia , Anormalidades Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Faculdades de Odontologia , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Transversais , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico Espiral/métodos , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that is strongly correlated with comorbidities, in which epiglottic collapse (EC) and other contributing factors are involved. Objectives To evaluate the occurrence of EC in OSA patients through drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to determine the factors contributing to EC. Methods A retrospective study of 37 adult patients using medical history. Patients were assessed for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) using reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS); for OSA using polysomnography, and for airway collapse through DISE. An independent t -test was performed to evaluate risk factors, including the involvement of three other airway structures. Results Most EC patients exhibited trap door epiglottic collapse (TDEC) (56.8%) or pushed epiglottic collapse (PEC) (29.7%). Lingual tonsil hypertrophy, RFS, and respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA) were associated with epiglottic subtypes. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients confirmed by RFS (t(25) = -1.32, p = 0.197) tended to suffer PEC; LTH was significantly associated (X2(1) = 2.5, p = 0.012) with PEC (odds ratio [OR] value = 44) in grades II and III LTH patients; 11 of 16 TDEC patients had grade I LTH. Pushed epiglottic collapse was more prevalent among multilevel airway obstruction patients. A single additional collapse site was found only in TDEC patients. Conclusion Laryngopharyngeal reflux causes repetitive acid stress toward lingual tonsils causing LTH, resulting in PEC with grade II or III LTH. Trap door epiglottic collapse requires one additional structural collapse, while at least two additional collapse sites were necessary to develop PEC. Respiratory effort-related arousal values may indicate EC.
RESUMO
Climate change is one of the most important drivers of ecosystem change, the global-scale impacts of which will intensify over the next 2 decades. Estimating the timing of unprecedented changes is not only challenging but is of great importance for the development of ecosystem conservation guidelines. Time of emergence (ToE) (point at which climate change can be differentiated from a previous climate), a widely applied concept in climatology studies, provides a robust but unexplored approach for assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse, as described by the C criterion of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Ecosystems (RLE). We identified 3 main theoretical considerations of ToE for RLE assessment (degree of stability, multifactorial instead of one-dimensional analyses, and hallmarks of ecosystem collapse) and 4 sources of uncertainty when applying ToE methodology (intermodel spread, historical reference period, consensus among variables, and consideration of different scenarios), which aims to avoid misuse and errors while promoting a proper application of the framework by scientists and practitioners. The incorporation of ToE for the RLE assessments adds important information for conservation priority setting that allows prediction of changes within and beyond the time frames proposed by the RLE.
Perspectivas sobre el momento del colapso ecosistémico en un clima cambiante Resumen El cambio climático es uno de los principales causantes del cambio ecosistémico, cuyo impacto a escala global se intensificará en las próximas dos décadas. No sólo es un reto estimar el momento de los cambios sin precedentes, sino también es de gran importancia para el desarrollo de las directrices de conservación de los ecosistemas. El momento de aparición (MdA), el punto en el que el cambio climático puede diferenciarse de un clima previo; es un concepto de aplicación extensa en los estudios de climatología y proporciona una estrategia sólida pero poco explorada para evaluar el riesgo del colapso ecosistémico, como está descrito por el criterio C de la Lista Roja de Ecosistemas (LRE) de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Identificamos las tres consideraciones teóricas del MdA para la evaluación de la LRE (grado de estabilidad, análisis multifactoriales en vez de unidimensionales y distintivos del colapso ecosistémico) y cuatro fuentes de incertidumbre cuando se aplica la metodología MdA (difusión intermodelo, periodo de referencia histórica, consenso entre las variables y consideración de escenarios distintos), la cual busca evitar el mal uso y los errores mientras se promueve una aplicación adecuada del marco de los científicos y lo practicantes. La incorporación del MdA a las evaluaciones de la LRE añade información importante para el establecimiento de prioridades de conservación que permiten la predicción de cambios dentro y más allá del marco temporal propuesto por la LRE.
Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecossistema , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , IncertezaRESUMO
The cytoskeleton facilitates tumor cells invasion into the bloodstream via vasculogenic mimicry (VM) for "attack", and protects cells against external threats through cytoskeletal remodeling and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) for "defense". However, the existing strategies involving cytoskeleton are not sufficient to eliminate tumor metastasis due to mitochondrial energy supply, both within tumor cells and from outside microenvironment. Here, considering the close relationship between cytoskeleton and mitochondria both in location and function, we construct a nano-platform that combats the "attack" and "defense" of cytoskeleton in the cascading metastasis. The nano-platform is composed of KFCsk@LIP and KTMito@LIP for the cytoskeletal collapse and mitochondrial dysfunction. KFCsk@LIP prevents the initiation and circulation of cascading tumor metastasis, but arouses limited suppression in tumor cell proliferation. KTMito@LIP impairs mitochondria to trigger apoptosis and impede energy supply both from inside and outside, leading to an amplified effect for metastasis suppression. Further mechanisms studies reveal that the formation of VM and TNTs are seriously obstructed. Both in situ and circulating tumor cells are disabled. Subsequently, the broken metastasis cascade results in a remarkable anti-metastasis effect. Collectively, based on the nano-platform, the cytoskeletal collapse with synchronous mitochondrial dysfunction provides a potential therapeutic strategy for cascading tumor metastasis suppression.
Assuntos
Doenças Mitocondriais , Neovascularização Patológica , Humanos , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citoesqueleto/patologia , Movimento CelularRESUMO
Monitoring of contaminant levels in wildlife over time is a tool for assessing the presence and persistence of environmental impacts at ecosystem, community and population levels. Tropical seabirds breeding in the Abrolhos Archipelago, 70 km off the Brazilian coast, forage in areas under the influence of the Doce River discharge. In 2015, the Fundão Dam collapsed and released ca 60 million tons of iron ore tailings into the ocean. In the present study, red-billed tropicbirds Phaethon aethereus and brown boobies Sula leucogaster breeding in Abrolhos were monitored over four years (2019-2022) for metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cd) and metalloid (As) concentrations in blood and feathers. Over six sampling events, metal (loid) concentrations showed strong temporal variation in both tissues. Overall, feathers showed greater element concentrations than blood, with stronger correlations between elements, especially Mn and the nonessential As, Cd, Hg and Pb. Mn is one of the major chemical markers of the Fundão Dam tailings. Metal (loid) concentrations in the tropical seabirds evaluated were above suggested threshold levels for most nonessential elements (As, Cd and Pb), especially in February 2021, when metal (loid) concentrations peaked in feathers. In this case, values were orders of magnitude higher than those observed in other sampling events. This occurred one year after a major rainy season in the Doce River basin, which increased river discharge of contaminated mud into the ocean, where contaminants are further remobilized by winds and currents, resulting in transference through the marine food web. This finding is consistent to what has been observed for other ecosystem compartments monitored in the region under the influence of the Doce River. Our findings highlight the utility of using tropical seabirds as sentinels of marine pollution, revealing strong temporal patterns in metal (loid) concentrations associated to bottom-up climatic processes.
Assuntos
Arsênio , Desastres , Mercúrio , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Arsênio/análise , Ecossistema , Plumas , Cádmio , Chumbo , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Aves , Brasil , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that is strongly correlated with comorbidities, in which epiglottic collapse (EC) and other contributing factors are involved. Objectives To evaluate the occurrence of EC in OSA patients through drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to determine the factors contributing to EC. Methods A retrospective study of 37 adult patients using medical history. Patients were assessed for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) using reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS); for OSA using polysomnography, and for airway collapse through DISE. An independent t-test was performed to evaluate risk factors, including the involvement of three other airway structures. Results Most EC patients exhibited trap door epiglottic collapse (TDEC) (56.8%) or pushed epiglottic collapse (PEC) (29.7%). Lingual tonsil hypertrophy, RFS, and respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA) were associated with epiglottic subtypes. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients confirmed by RFS (t(25) = −1.32, p = 0.197) tended to suffer PEC; LTH was significantly associated (X2(1) = 2.5, p = 0.012) with PEC (odds ratio [OR] value = 44) in grades II and III LTH patients; 11 of 16 TDEC patients had grade I LTH. Pushed epiglottic collapse was more prevalent among multilevel airway obstruction patients. A single additional collapse site was found only in TDEC patients. Conclusion Laryngopharyngeal reflux causes repetitive acid stress toward lingual tonsils causing LTH, resulting in PEC with grade II or III LTH. Trap door epiglottic collapse requires one additional structural collapse, while at least two additional collapse sites were necessary to develop PEC. Respiratory effort-related arousal values may indicate EC.
RESUMO
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Drug-Induced Sleep endoscopy (DISE) is used to identify the collapse site. Among the possible sites of collapse, the epiglottis occurs more frequently than previously described. In this study, we reviewed DISE findings and classified different epiglottic collapse patterns. We found 104 patients (16.4%) with epiglottis collapse (primary 12.5% and secondary 3.9%). We described the following patterns of epiglottis collapse: Anterior-Posterior (AP) collapse with rigid component "trapdoor type" (48%); AP collapse with lax component "floppy type" (13.5%); Lateral- Lateral (LL) collapse with omega shape component "book type" (14.5%); and secondary due to lateral pharyngeal wall or tongue base collapse (24%). The identification of the epiglottic collapse pattern is crucial in decision-making when attempting to ameliorate OSA. These findings in OSA phenotyping could influence the type of treatment chosen.
RESUMO
Mass extinctions during the past 500 million y rapidly removed branches from the phylogenetic tree of life and required millions of years for evolution to generate functional replacements for the extinct (EX) organisms. Here we show, by examining 5,400 vertebrate genera (excluding fishes) comprising 34,600 species, that 73 genera became EX since 1500 AD. Beyond any doubt, the human-driven sixth mass extinction is more severe than previously assessed and is rapidly accelerating. The current generic extinction rates are 35 times higher than expected background rates prevailing in the last million years under the absence of human impacts. The genera lost in the last five centuries would have taken some 18,000 y to vanish in the absence of human beings. Current generic extinction rates will likely greatly accelerate in the next few decades due to drivers accompanying the growth and consumption of the human enterprise such as habitat destruction, illegal trade, and climate disruption. If all now-endangered genera were to vanish by 2,100, extinction rates would be 354 (average) or 511 (for mammals) times higher than background rates, meaning that genera lost in three centuries would have taken 106,000 and 153,000 y to become EX in the absence of humans. Such mutilation of the tree of life and the resulting loss of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity to humanity is a serious threat to the stability of civilization. Immediate political, economic, and social efforts of an unprecedented scale are essential if we are to prevent these extinctions and their societal impacts.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Extinção Biológica , Animais , Humanos , Filogenia , Efeitos Antropogênicos , Biodiversidade , MamíferosRESUMO
Introducción. La atresia o estrechez del maxilar superior es una patología de origen multifactorial que genera un colapso transversal, el mismo e implica la carencia de espacio necesario para la disposición correcta de las piezas dentales. Objetivo. El presente artículo está enmarcado en una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con el objetivo de describir el abordaje terapéutico del colapso transversal del maxilar superior con microimplantes (TAD´s), determinando los efectos esqueléticos y dentoalveolares en el maxilar superior, así como las ventajas y desventajas del tratamiento. Método. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó a través de mediante las plataformas de: Scielo, PubMed, Google Académico y Medline. Se seleccionaron 21 artículos cuyos textos completos fueron descargados para examinarlos a detalle y verificar que cumplieran con todos los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales se obtuvieron 16 artículos para elaborar esta revisión narrativa. Conclusiones. El abordaje terapéutico del colapso transversal se produce por medio de la expansión rápida del maxilar (ERM) o disyunción maxilar, en pacientes jóvenes en crecimiento; y en los pacientes adultos se suele emplear un tratamiento con técnica MARPE con microimplantes (TAD´s). El principal efecto esquelético es la apertura de la sutura maxilar que varía de 2 a 10 mm, muchos autores coinciden en que el manejo del colapso transversal del maxilar superior con microimplantes no genera efectos dentoalveolares negativos, al contrario, tiene ventajas biomecánicas debido al anclaje con el hueso, reduciendo el riesgo de movimiento dentales indeseados y permitiendo un control del crecimiento vertical.
Introduction. The atresia or narrowness of the upper jaw is a pathology of multifactorial origin that generates a transverse collapse, it implies the lack of space necessary for the correct arrangement of the dental pieces. Objective. This article is framed in a narrative review of the literature, with the aim of describing the therapeutic approach of transverse maxillary collapse with microimplants (TAD's), determining the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects in the maxilla, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of treatment. Method. The search for articles was carried out through the following platforms: Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline. 21 articles whose full texts were downloaded were selected to examine them in detail and verify that they met all the inclusion criteria, of which 18 articles were obtained to prepare this narrative review. Conclusions. The therapeutic approach to transverse collapse occurs through rapid maxillary expansion (RME) or maxillary disjunction, in young growing patients; and in adult patients, treatment with the MARPE technique with microimplants (TAD's) is usually used. The main skeletal effect is the opening of the maxillary suture, which varies from 2 to 10 mm. Many authors agree that the management of the transverse collapse of the maxilla with microimplants does not generate negative dentoalveolar effects, on the contrary, it has biomechanical advantages due to the anchorage with the bone, reducing the risk of unwanted dental movement and allowing control of vertical growth.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , MaxilaRESUMO
This essay begins with an aphorism on education: "forger of the liberating forces towards the progress of the human condition", in its spiritual, intellectual, moral and convivial connotation in harmony with the planetary ecosystem (dignifying progress). It highlights the coincidence of the highest historical levels of professional education with the extreme degradation of Western culture, which reveals the role of education that favors passivity in the face of knowledge and the prevailing order. The characteristics of passive education are contrasted with those of participatory education based on the development of critical thinking. Critical thinking is defined and the type of educational environment that stimulates and channels it is argued, in particular the complex and integrative thinking alluding to the self projected to who we are and where we are, absent in reductionist science. Liberating knowledge is specified and its purpose defined as "to understand ourselves as fraternal humanity and to find our place in harmony with the infinitely diverse concert of the living world". The theoretical revolutions -now dismissed- being seeds of liberating knowledge that revealed anthropocentrism and ethnocentrisms as "prisons of the spirit" are synthesized. It is concluded that liberating knowledge fulfills the utopian role of signaling the endless walking towards dignifying human progress.
Este ensayo inicia con un aforismo sobre la educación: «forjadora de las fuerzas liberadoras hacia el progreso de la condición humana¼, en su connotación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial en armonía con el ecosistema planetario (progreso dignificante). Se realza la coincidencia de las mayores cotas históricas de educación profesional con la extrema degradación de la cultura occidental, reveladora del papel de la educación que favorece la pasividad ante el conocimiento y el orden imperante. Se contrastan los caracteres de la educación pasiva con los de la participativa basada en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Se define el pensamiento crítico y se argumenta el tipo de ambiente educativo que lo estimula y encauza, en particular, el pensamiento complejo e integrador alusivo al sí mismo proyectado al quiénes somos y dónde estamos, ignorado por la ciencia reduccionista. Se especifican el conocimiento liberador y su finalidad: «entendernos como humanidad fraterna y encontrar nuestro lugar en armonía con el concierto infinitamente diverso del mundo viviente¼. Se sintetizan las revoluciones teóricas hoy desestimadas, simientes del conocimiento liberador que develaron al antropocentrismo y a los etnocentrismos como «prisiones del espíritu¼. Se concluye que el conocimiento liberador cumple el papel utópico de orientar y señalizar el caminar interminable hacia el progreso dignificante.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Conhecimento , Humanos , Escolaridade , Transdução de Sinais , CaminhadaRESUMO
This work has evaluated the collapse fragility of a typical Chilean building for residential use, structured based on shear-resistant RC walls and inverted beams arranged along its entire perimeter, using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) for the evaluation of its structural behavior, using for this the 2018 version of the SeismoStruct software. This method evaluates the global collapse capacity of the building from the graphical representation of its maximum inelastic response, obtained through a non-linear time-history analysis, against the scaled intensity of a set of seismic records obtained in the subduction zone, thus creating the IDA curves of the building. The processing of the seismic records is included within the applied methodology to make them compatible with the elastic spectrum of the Chilean design, achieving an adequate seismic input in the two main structural directions. In addition, an alternative IDA method based on the elongated period is applied to calculate the seismic intensity. The results of the IDA curve obtained with this procedure and the standard IDA analysis are analyzed and compared. The results show that the method relates very well to the structure's demand and capacity and confirms the non-monotonous behavior exposed by other authors. Regarding the alternative IDA procedure, the results indicate that the method is inadequate, failing to improve the results obtained by the standard method.
RESUMO
Resumen Este ensayo inicia con un aforismo sobre la educación: «forjadora de las fuerzas liberadoras hacia el progreso de la condición humana¼, en su connotación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial en armonía con el ecosistema planetario (progreso dignificante). Se realza la coincidencia de las mayores cotas históricas de educación profesional con la extrema degradación de la cultura occidental, reveladora del papel de la educación que favorece la pasividad ante el conocimiento y el orden imperante. Se contrastan los caracteres de la educación pasiva con los de la participativa basada en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Se define el pensamiento crítico y se argumenta el tipo de ambiente educativo que lo estimula y encauza, en particular, el pensamiento complejo e integrador alusivo al sí mismo proyectado al quiénes somos y dónde estamos, ignorado por la ciencia reduccionista. Se especifican el conocimiento liberador y su finalidad: «entendernos como humanidad fraterna y encontrar nuestro lugar en armonía con el concierto infinitamente diverso del mundo viviente¼. Se sintetizan las revoluciones teóricas -hoy desestimadas-, simientes del conocimiento liberador que develaron al antropocentrismo y a los etnocentrismos como «prisiones del espíritu¼. Se concluye que el conocimiento liberador cumple el papel utópico de orientar y señalizar el caminar interminable hacia el progreso dignificante.
Abstract This essay begins with an aphorism on education: "forger of the liberating forces towards the progress of the human condition", in its spiritual, intellectual, moral and convivial connotation in harmony with the planetary ecosystem (dignifying progress). It highlights the coincidence of the highest historical levels of professional education with the extreme degradation of Western culture, which reveals the role of education that favors passivity in the face of knowledge and the prevailing order. The characteristics of passive education are contrasted with those of participatory education based on the development of critical thinking. Critical thinking is defined and the type of educational environment that stimulates and channels it is argued, in particular the complex and integrative thinking alluding to the self projected to who we are and where we are, absent in reductionist science. Liberating knowledge is specified and its purpose defined as "to understand ourselves as fraternal humanity and to find our place in harmony with the infinitely diverse concert of the living world". The theoretical revolutions -now dismissed- being seeds of liberating knowledge that revealed anthropocentrism and ethnocentrisms as "prisons of the spirit" are synthesized. It is concluded that liberating knowledge fulfills the utopian role of signaling the endless walking towards dignifying human progress.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Subjects with palatal obstruction alone vs. multilevel obstruction on DISE had better outcomes after palate surgery. We asked ourselves if the therapeutic level positive airway pressure (PAP) titration could predict the level of airway obstruction and its complexity. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify possible relationships between therapeutic level of positive airway pressure initial titration and levels of collapse in drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). A secondary objective was to establish the relationship the other variables and DISE. METHODS: We analyzed retrospective clinical histories between March 2020 to March 2022 of 37 patients with polysomnography or cardiorespiratory polygraphy studies and PAP initial titration who were taken to drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Sleep study data, anthropometric variables, and patterns of airway collapse during DISE were analyzed with PAP initial titration levels. RESULTS: Most of the patients with complex collapse had concentric velum collapse (p < 0.006). A significant association was found between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oropharyngeal collapse; (p < 0.0030) and finally we demonstrated relationship between neck circumference and gender with epiglottis collapse (p < 0.046), (p < 0.037), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show a strong relationship between that complex collapses and concentric velum collapse; patients with greater oropharyngeal collapse have a higher mean AHI. Patients without epiglottic collapse have a higher mean neck circumference. An association between mean pressure initial titration and complex collapse could not be established.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Endoscopia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , SonoRESUMO
Background: Among the New World vultures, the Andean condor is considered one of the most culturally and ecologically important species. However, their populations are declining over their entire distributional range. In response, conservation strategies have been implemented in many countries to reverse the increasing extinction risk of this species. The initiatives rely on extensive population surveys to gather basic information necessary to implement policies and to intervene efficiently. Still, there is a need to standardize the surveys based on seasonality and suitable environmental conditions throughout the species distribution. Here, we provide the first assessment of how daily temperature, rainfall, and seasonality influence surveys of Andean condors on a communal roost in the central Peruvian Andes. Methods: Using an autoregressive generalized linear model, we associated environmental variables with visual surveys of adult and young condors at three different times of the day and three times a week between June 2014 and March 2015. Results: We found that both adults and young Andean condors showed a threefold reduction in the use of the communal roost after the beginning of the rainy season. Colder and drier days (dry season) are preferable for surveying, as we expect the total number of condors using communal roosts to reduce under rainy (rainfall = -0.53 ± 0.16) and warmer days (temperature = -0.04 ± 0.02) days. Therefore, the significant variation in the use of roosts across seasons and hours should be carefully accounted for in national surveys, at the risk of undermining the full potential of the communal roost surveys. Moreover, we also found a strong bias towards immatures (about 76%) in the adult:immature ratio and a remarkable absence of Andean condors during the wet season. These results suggest that the species might be using other unknown communal roosts hierarchically. Such results provide key information for selecting priority areas for conservation and selecting the best time to survey this species in the tropical Andes. Finally, it may open a fruitful avenue for further research on the protection of the Andean condor.
Assuntos
Falconiformes , Animais , Aves/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estações do Ano , ChuvaRESUMO
Invertebrates' immune priming or innate immune memory is an analogous response to the vertebrates' adaptive memory. We investigated if honey bees have immune memory. We compared survival and immune response between bees that were: 1) manipulated (Naïve), 2) challenged twice with the same pathogen Escherichia coli (Memory), 3) challenged twice with different pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus versus E. coli, Micrococcus lysodeikticus versus E. coli), or 4) with PBS (the diluent of bacteria) versus E. coli (heterologous challenge; Control). Results indicate better survival in the Memory than the Control group, and the Memory group showed a similar survival than Naïve insects. The Memory group had higher lytic activity but lower prophenoloxidase, phenoloxidase activity, and hemocyte count than the Control and Naïve groups. No differences were found in relative expression of defensin-1. This first demonstration of immune memory opens the questions about its molecular mechanisms and whether, immune memory could be used against natural parasites that affect honey bees, hence, if they could be "vaccinated" against some natural parasites.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase , Animais , Abelhas , Defensinas , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Hemócitos/metabolismo , Memória Imunológica , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterized by nocturnal repetitive upper airway (UA) collapse. For sleep physicians, the recognition of UA collapse characteristics is critical for understanding OSA mechanisms and developing individualized treatment plans. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is an exam during simulated sleep that allows the dynamic assessment of the UA of individuals with OSA. The initial recognition of DISE was to locate the sites of UA obstruction and direct the surgical selection of OSA since it was introduced in the 1990s. After approximately 30 years of studies, based on advances in endoscopic operative techniques and innovative treatments of OSA, DISE had been performed to explore mechanisms and comprehensive treatments related to UA collapse. Methods: This article reviewed contemporary DISE advances, including indications and contraindications, technique of induced sleep, endoscopic operation, UA characteristics classification.Results and Conclusions: Precise selection based on the association between collapse patterns and treatment modalities, such as continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliance, positional therapy, robotic surgery and neurostimulator implanting, is the future research prospect based on DISE.Key messagesDISE provides sleep physicians with valuable information about the upper airway collapse characteristics and dynamic changes during sleep.The studies based on DISE findings improve the selectivity and efficiency of treatment modalities, including classical therapies such as continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliance, positional therapy, and innovative therapies such as neurostimulator implanting and robotic surgery, promote the advancement of OSA precision medicine.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Polissonografia/métodos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/cirurgia , Endoscopia/métodos , Sono , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/cirurgiaRESUMO
RESUMEN La presente investigación surge de una inquietud ante la falta de consenso sobre el concepto del colapso posterior de mordida, sobre el cual en la actualidad existe limitada literatura. El Objetivo fue Identificar los factores clínicos relevantes en el diagnóstico de colapso posterior de mordida. Es una revisión sistemática basada en reportes y series de caso. Se consideraron como dimensiones al tejido dentario, oclusión dentaria, tejido muscular, articulación temporomandibular, tejido periodontal y examen radiográfico. De 82 artículos seleccionados inicialmente, se realizó la revisión con 6 artículos, Con los artículos se ordenó la información describiendo cada uno de ellos, siendo las publicaciones entre 1987 y 2020. Podemos concluir que se identificaron los factores clínicos relevantes: pérdida de piezas dentarias, alteración de la dimensión vertical, periodontitis, desviación en la apertura y cierre del ATM, y reabsorción ósea como los más predominantes según las dimensiones de diagnóstico.
ABSTRACT The present research arises from a concern regarding the lack of consensus on the concept of posterior bite collapse on which there is currently very little literature. The Objective was identify the relevant clinical factors in the diagnosis of a posterior bite collapse. Is a systematic review based on reports and case series. Was considered as dimensions: dental occlusion, muscle tissue, temporomandibular joint, periodontal tissue and radiographic examination. Of 82 initially selected articles, the review was carried out with 6 articles. The information was ordered describing each one of them, being the publications between 1987 and 2020. We can Conclude that Relevant clinical factors for the correct diagnosis of a posterior bite collapse were identified according to the study dimensions: loss of teeth, alteration of the vertical dimension, periodontitis, deviation in the opening and closing of the TMJ, and bone resorption, as the most predominant according to the diagnostic dimensions.
RESUMO
On November 5th, 2015, the Fundão dam collapsed in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, releasing millions of cubic meters of mud containing mining residue into the Doce River. Two weeks later, the mud arrived to the marine environment, triggering changes in franciscana dolphin habitat, Pontoporia blainvillei, from Franciscana Management Area Ia. This is an isolated population of the most endangered cetacean species in the South Atlantic Ocean. Organohalogen compounds (OHCs) may pose a threat to this endangered population because of their endocrine disrupting properties. Hence, this study sought to determine if there were differences in the bioaccumulation profile of OHC (PCBs, DDTs, Mirex, HCB, HCHs, PBDEs, PBEB, HBBZ and MeO-BDEs) in franciscana dolphins before and after dam collapse and to build a temporal trend. Blubber of 33 stranded individuals was collected in Espírito Santo state for organohalogen assessment between 2003 and 2019. Differences were found between franciscana dolphins collected prior to and after the disaster. Additionally, significant temporal trends for organochlorine pesticides and natural and anthropogenic organobromine were detected. The increase in pesticide concentrations after 2015 is suggestive of their reavailability in the environment. The decline in organobromine over time could be due to their debromination in the marine environment and alterations in the composition of their natural producers. PCBs remained stable during the period of the study. Our findings show an increase in endocrine disruptor concentrations, which is of great concern for this endangered population.
Assuntos
Desastres , Golfinhos , Praguicidas , Bifenilos Policlorados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Mineração , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) has frequently been applied as a biomaterial for tissue engineering purposes. When implanted, their role can be essential for partial trachea replacement in patients that require a viable transplant solution. Acellular canine tracheal scaffolds with preserved ECM structure, flexibility, and proteins were obtained by high pressure vacuum decellularization. Here, we aimed to evaluate the cell adhesion and proliferation of canine tracheal epithelial cells (EpC) and canine yolk sac endothelial progenitor cells (YS) cultivated on canine decellularized tracheal scaffolds and test the in vivo biocompatibility of these recellularized scaffolds implanted in BALB-c nude mice. In order to evaluate the recellularization efficiency, scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunofluorescence, DNA quantification, mycoplasma test, and in vivo biocompatibility. The scaffolds sterility was confirmed, and EpC and YS cells were cultured by 7 and 14 days. We demonstrated by SEM, immunofluorescence, and genomic DNA analyzes cell adhesion to tracheal ECM. Then, recellularized scaffolds were in vivo subcutaneously implanted in mice and after 45 days, the fragments were collected and analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Gömori Trichrome staining and PCNA, CD4, CD8, and CD68 immunohistochemistry. In vivo results confirmed that the implanted tissue remains preserved and proliferative, and no fibrotic tissue process was observed in animals. Finally, our results showed the recellularization success due the preserved ECM proteins, and that these may be suitable to future preclinical studies applications for partial trachea replacement in tissue engineering.