RESUMO
El perfil neuropsicológico de los sujetos con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) ha sido objeto de muchos debates y discusiones. El funcionamiento cognitivo de esta población es explicado a partir de modelos teóricos que abordan algunos de los aspectos que presentan estos individuos. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado resultados contradictorios que dificultan la comprensión general de todos los elementos que caracterizan el perfil intelectual observado en esta población. Basados en lo anterior, en el presente artículo se expone una revisión teórica reflexiva a partir de la evidencia empírica de investigaciones sobre el perfil cognitivo de los TEA de alto funcionamiento (Síndrome de Asperger y Autismo de Alto Funcionamiento).
The neuropsychological profile of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) has been the subject of many debates and discussions. The cognitive functioning of this population is explained from theoretical models that address some of the issues that occur in these individuals. However, conflicting results have been found that hinder the general understanding of all the elements that characterize the intellectual profile observed in this population. Based on the above, the present article presents a theoretical reflexive review from the empirical evidence from research on the cognitive profile of the TEA of high performance (High Functioning Autism and Aspergers Syndrome).
RESUMO
Este estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas do Teste Pictórico dos Perfis Cognitivos (TPPC) através da consistência interna e da validade convergente do TPPC com a versão brasileira do Personality Belief Questionnaire Short Form (PBQ-SF). O TPPC, assim como o PBQ-SF, foi elaborado como um instrumento clínico e de pesquisa, com nove subescalas, para avaliar perfis de personalidade. Uma amostra de 86 alunos universitários respondeu à versão brasileira do PBQ-SF e o do TPPC. Os resultados apresentaram níveis satisfatórios para as estimativas de confiabilidade (alpha de Cronbach) do teste TPPC (alpha = 0,93). De um modo geral, os achados demonstram a validade convergente para o TPPC, sugerindo que ele também seja um instrumento prático para avaliar perfis cognitivos de personalidade, assim como o PBQ-SF.
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pictorial Test of Cognitive Profiles (TPPC) through the internal consistency and convergent validity of the TPPC with the Brazilian version of the Personality Belief Questionnaire Short Form (PBQ-SF). The TPPC as well as the PBQ-SF was designed as a clinical and research tool, with nine subscales, to assess personality profiles. A sample of 86 college students responded to the Brazilian version of the PBQ-SF and the TPPC. The results showed satisfactory levels for estimating the reliability (Cronbachs alpha) of the TPPC test (alpha = .93). Overall, the findings demonstrate the convergent validity for the TPPC, suggesting that it is also a practical tool to evaluate cognitive profiles of personality as well as the PBQ-SF.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Testes de Personalidade , Transtornos da PersonalidadeRESUMO
Este estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas do Teste Pictórico dos Perfis Cognitivos (TPPC) através da consistência interna e da validade convergente do TPPC com a versão brasileira do Personality Belief Questionnaire Short Form (PBQ-SF). O TPPC, assim como o PBQ-SF, foi elaborado como um instrumento clínico e de pesquisa, com nove subescalas, para avaliar perfis de personalidade. Uma amostra de 86 alunos universitários respondeu à versão brasileira do PBQ-SF e o do TPPC. Os resultados apresentaram níveis satisfatórios para as estimativas de confiabilidade (alpha de Cronbach) do teste TPPC (alpha = 0,93). De um modo geral, os achados demonstram a validade convergente para o TPPC, sugerindo que ele também seja um instrumento prático para avaliar perfis cognitivos de personalidade, assim como o PBQ-SF.(AU)
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pictorial Test of Cognitive Profiles (TPPC) through the internal consistency and convergent validity of the TPPC with the Brazilian version of the Personality Belief Questionnaire Short Form (PBQ-SF). The TPPC as well as the PBQ-SF was designed as a clinical and research tool, with nine subscales, to assess personality profiles. A sample of 86 college students responded to the Brazilian version of the PBQ-SF and the TPPC. The results showed satisfactory levels for estimating the reliability (Cronbachs alpha) of the TPPC test (alpha = .93). Overall, the findings demonstrate the convergent validity for the TPPC, suggesting that it is also a practical tool to evaluate cognitive profiles of personality as well as the PBQ-SF.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Testes de Personalidade , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Transtornos da PersonalidadeRESUMO
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pictorial Test of Cognitive Profiles (TPPC) through the internal consistency and convergent validity of the TPPC with the Brazilian version of the Personality Belief Questionnaire Short Form (PBQ-SF). The TPPC as well as the PBQ-SF was designed as a clinical and research tool, with nine subscales, to assess personality profiles. A sample of 86 college students responded to the Brazilian version of the PBQ-SF and the TPPC. The results showed satisfactory levels for estimating the reliability (Cronbachs alpha) of the TPPC test (alpha = .93). Overall, the findings demonstrate the convergent validity for the TPPC, suggesting that it is also a practical tool to evaluate cognitive profiles of personality as well as the PBQ-SF.(AU)
Este estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas do Teste Pictórico dos Perfis Cognitivos (TPPC) através da consistência interna e da validade convergente do TPPC com a versão brasileira do Personality Belief Questionnaire Short Form (PBQ-SF). O TPPC, assim como o PBQ-SF, foi elaborado como um instrumento clínico e de pesquisa, com nove subescalas, para avaliar perfis de personalidade. Uma amostra de 86 alunos universitários respondeu à versão brasileira do PBQ-SF e o do TPPC. Os resultados apresentaram níveis satisfatórios para as estimativas de confiabilidade (alpha de Cronbach) do teste TPPC (alpha = 0,93). De um modo geral, os achados demonstram a validade convergente para o TPPC, sugerindo que ele também seja um instrumento prático para avaliar perfis cognitivos de personalidade, assim como o PBQ-SF.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Testes de Personalidade , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Transtornos da PersonalidadeRESUMO
Se resaltó la relevancia de incluir los perfiles cognitivos desarrollados de acuerdo con las categorías diagnósticas del DSM-IV TR para los trastornos de la personalidad en la formulación cognitiva de caso. Los contenidos informacionales deben dar cuenta del perfil cognitivo específico del paciente, con el fin de facilitar la planeación y el curso del tratamiento ajustado a sus necesidades, aunque no presente diagnóstico en el eje II. También se analizaron las implicaciones del uso inadecuado de las categorías diagnósticas en los trastornos de la personalidad; la necesidad de generar investigación en torno al soporte empírico y psicométrico derivado de la presente propuesta, y el entrenamiento de terapeutas cognitivos en formulación cognitiva de caso.
This paper emphasizes the relevance of including the cognitive profiles based on DSM-IV TR in the cognitive case formulation criteria for personality disorders. The informational contents must explain the specific cognitive profile of the patient, in order to facilitate the treatment planning and course, according to the patient´s needs, even if he does not show any diagnosis in the axis II. In addition, the consequences of an inadequate use of diagnosis categories were analyzed, as well as the need to promote and generate research about the empirical and psychometric support in this area derived from this proposal, as much as the need of a training for cognitive therapists in cognitive case formulation, including cognitive profiles.
Assuntos
Humanos , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Psicologia Clínica , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodosRESUMO
Este trabajo busca contribuir al estudio de las dificultades lectoras en niños que crecen en contextos de pobreza. Al comenzar el 1er año escolar se evaluó a 60 niños con pruebas de sensibilidad fonológica, memoria fonológica, denominación rápida, conocimiento de letras, lectura y escritura de palabras familiares, reconocimiento de acciones lectoras, vocabulario e inteligencia no verbal. Al finalizar el año se identificó a dos grupos: 25 buenos lectores y 24 malos lectores. Se comparó retrospectivamente su perfil cognitivo inicial. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en vocabulario, reconocimiento de acciones lectoras e inteligencia no verbal, pero sí en el procesamiento fonológico y el conocimiento alfabético. Asimismo, se encontró que la diferencia entre grupos en la lectura y escritura de palabras familiares se ampliaba durante el año. Se considera que las dificultades de los niños son el resultado de la interacción entre factores cognitivos y características del proceso de instrucción escolar.(AU)
This paper explores the reading difficulties of children growing in poverty. At the beginning of the 1st school year, 60 children were given tests of phonological sensitivity, phonological memory, rapid naming, letter knowledge, reading and spelling of familiar words, identification of reading actions, vocabulary and non verbal intelligence. At the end of the year two groups were identified: 25 good readers and 24 poor readers and their initial cognitive profiles were retrospectively compared. No statistically significant differences were found in vocabulary knowledge, intelligence or identification of reading actions. There were significant differences in phonological processing and alphabetic knowledge. Additionally, the performance gap between good and poor readers widened during the year. These results were interpreted as indication that the difficulties of children growing in poverty are the consequence of the interaction between cognitive factors and school instruction.(AU)