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Coffee pulp is a by-product of the coffee industry. Due to conventional management techniques, it represents a severe environmental problem due to its negative impact on the soil (anaerobic fermentation and pH changes), water sources (the infiltration of pollutants into streams, acidification of water sources, and modification of microorganisms), and biodiversity (soil microbiology, fish, crustaceans, and other vertebrates). Therefore, it is essential to develop protocols for the treatment of this waste so that it can be used again in other productive activities under the circular economy approach. This means that all the waste from a production process can be reused, can generate value for the benefit of the producer, and, in turn, mitigate the environmental impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of 5 levels of wheat bran (WB) with extruded coffee pulp flour (ECPF) as an alternative to a conventional fiber source in broiler finisher diets. A total of 300 Cobb 500 chickens in the finishing phase were assessed in the study, grouped in 5 treatments: T1, a conventional diet or control treatment (100% WB and 0% ECPF), T2 (75% WB and 25% ECPF), T3 (50% WB and 50% ECPF), T4 (25% WB and 75% ECPF), and T5 (0% WB and 100% ECPF). Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and intestinal morphometry (villus length: VL, villus width: VW, crypt depth: CD, villus height/crypt depth ratio: V/C, and villus surface area: VSA) were evaluated at the level of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Feed intake decreased correspondingly as the ECPF in the diet was increased, with statistical differences (p < 0.01) between their averages; the most significant weight gain (834.61 g) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, this being statistically different (p < 0.01) from T4 and T5; similarly, the best FCR (1.58) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, followed by the control treatment T1 (with 1.64); however, they were not statistically different (p > 0.05). All treatment results were similar to the VL control samples in the three intestinal portions, except for the T5 in the jejunum, which showed statistical differences from the control. In VW, the treatment results were similar to the control samples of the jejunum and ileum; however, in the duodenum, the T5 results showed the highest value (172.18 µm), being statistically different (p < 0.05) from the other treatments being evaluated. For CD, it was only in the duodenum that the T2 and T3 treatments were similar to the control. Likewise, for V/C in the duodenum, only the T2 results were similar to the control. There was no significant difference in the VSA among the different treatment groups. T2 showed better production parameters without altering the intestinal villi. In conclusion, ECPF is a potential input for use to replace up to 25% of WB in the feed of broilers in the finishing phase.

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The present work deals with the production of cellulosic microfibers (CMFs) from coffee pulp. The experimental development corresponds to an experimental design of three variables (concentration, temperature and time) of alkaline treatment for delignification, finding that concentration, temperature and time were the most representative variables. Higher delignification was achieved by bleaching cellulosic fibers, followed by acid hydrolysis, thus producing cellulosic fibers with an average diameter of 5.2 µm, which was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed, via the crystallinity index, the presence of Type I cellulose and removal of lignocellulosic compounds through chemical treatments. The proximate chemical analysis (PChA) of coffee pulp helped to identify 17% of the crude fiber corresponding to the plant cell wall consisting of lignocellulosic compounds. The initial cellulose content of 26.06% increased gradually to 48.74% with the alkaline treatment, to 57.5% with bleaching, and to 64.7% with acid hydrolysis. These results attested to the rich cellulosic content in the coffee pulp.

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Coffee pulp has been included in ruminant diets; but until now, little has been known about how the addition of ensiled coffee pulp (ECP) affects the growth performance of lambs. This study explores the diet's antioxidant capacity, tannins, and caffeine concentration and its effect on water intake, growth performance, rumen variables, in vivo digestibility, nitrogen balance, and carcass and meat characteristics of lambs fed ECP. Thirty-six male Pelibuey lambs were distributed randomly to one of three treatments (n = 12): without ECP0; diet with 10% ECP10, and diet with 20% ECP20. The diets' antioxidant capacity, tannins, and caffeine concentration were similar (p > 0.05) for all treatments. The diets' antioxidant compounds and the blood serum's antioxidant capacity were affected (p < 0.05). Dry matter and water intake, body-weight gain, and feed conversion were not significant (p > 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) were found in the rumen variables or the nitrogen balance. However, the in vivo digestibility of crude protein was affected (p < 0.05). Carcass and meat quality were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of ECP, except temperature and redness (a*) at seven days of storage, respectively. Including up to 20% of ECP in the diet of lambs did not affect the growth performance, rumen variables, or nitrogen balance; however, the antioxidant compounds of the diets, the antioxidant capacity in blood serum, and the in vivo digestibility of crude protein were different. There was an increase in the redness (a*) and lower temperature in the Longissimus dorsi muscle, keeping lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), water-holding capacity, and texture at seven storage days.

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This study aimed to investigate the macronutrient and carotenoid content of red and yellow Coffea arabica var. Caturra pulp, a by-product of coffee processing in Colombia. The study employed ultra-sound-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract carotenoids, and a 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of pulp color, biomass-solvent ratio, and solvent mixture composition on carotenoid content and extraction yield. The condition that provided the highest carotenoid extraction was further encapsulated by spray drying and added to a dairy product. The results showed that coffee pulp has significant dietary fiber content and high levels of carotenoids, with yellow pulp having a higher content than red pulp. Lutein isomers and lutein esters were the most abundant carotenoids found in both red and yellow coffee pulp. The highest carotenoid extraction was achieved using a 1:40 (g/mL) biomass:solvent ratio and a 20:80% v/v Ethanol:Ethyl Acetate solvent mixture for the yellow pulp. The carotenoid extract also demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency (46.57 ± 4.03%) and was found to be stable when added to a fermented milk product. This study presents an alternative solution for utilizing coffee by-products in Colombia, which could positively impact the families of over half a million Colombian coffee producers.

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Goat production in Mexico is an important economic activity that is affected by different gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species. GINs resistant to commercial anthelmintics have been reported. Plant extracts or agro-industrial by-products, such as coffee pulp, have been proposed as control alternatives, given their secondary metabolite content. The aim of the present study was to determine the anthelmintic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of coffee pulp against benzimidazole-resistant GINs. Stool samples were collected from goats, from which GIN eggs were identified and quantified. Molecular techniques confirmed the genus of GINs and their benzimidazole resistance profile. The percentage of egg hatching inhibition (% EHI) and larval mortality (% LM) with the hydroalcoholic extract of coffee pulp was determined at concentrations from 200 to 0.39 mg/mL. The genera Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were identified, and the presence of the ß-tubulin gene mutation, associated with benzimidazole (BZ) resistance, was determined. Hydroalcoholic extract of coffee pulp inhibited 100% of egg hatching at 200 and 100 mg/mL, with no larvicidal effect at the evaluated concentrations.

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Some of the diverse agro-industrial waste generated in primary or secondary stages have proved to be promising biomaterials for treating aqueous effluents contaminated, in this case, with heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to know their optimal operating conditions and the regeneration or reusability of the solid by-product, an aspect related to desorption. Considering the above, this article presents the findings of a preliminary study related to the desorption process of coffee pulp without physicochemical modification (Castilla variety), an agricultural waste used as a sorbent of Cr(III and VI) ions in synthetic wastewater. The desorption efficiency of four eluting agents at defined concentrations (0.10M)-HC1, HNO3, H2SO4, and EDTA-was evaluated in a time interval of 1 to 9 days. Likewise, the proposals for the sorption and/or desorption mechanisms proposed and reported in the literature with respect to the use of biosorbents derived from the coffee crop are presented. With respect to the results, the coffee pulp used in previous studies of the adsorption of chromium species mentioned (optimal conditions in synthetic water of particle size 180 µm, dose 20 g·L-1, agitation 100 RPM, room temperature, time of 90 to 105 min) showed efficiencies in the removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) of 93.26% and 74.80%, respectively. Regarding the extracting substances used, H2SO4 0.10 M was the one that presented the highest desorption percentage in both chromic species, with a desorption of 45.75% Cr(VI) and 66.84% Cr(III) in periods of 5 and 9 days, respectively, with agitation of 100 RPM and room temperature. Finally, the dissemination of preliminary results on the desorption of coffee pulp contaminated with chromic species without physicochemical modification is novel in this study, as similar work with this specific material has not yet been reported in the literature. On the other hand, the limitations of the study and future research are related to the evaluation at different concentrations and of other extractor solutions that allow improving the efficiency of desorption of these chemical species in a shorter time from the coffee pulp (with and without modification) as well as the reuse cycles. As a result, the desorption of coffee pulp used as an adsorbent material in real water could help researchers identify the possible interfering factors that affect the process (foreign anions and cations, organic matter, environmental conditions, among others).

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Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 originó pérdidas humanas, tensiones en la atención médica, la economía y otros sistemas sociales. Objetivo: recopilar información sobre seguridad alimentaria y fortificación de alimentos a base de pulpa de café considerando que una buena nutrición contrarresta las infecciones. Metodología: se analizó literatura en las bases SciELO y SCOPUS restringiendo términos de búsqueda a: seguridad alimentaria, COVID-19, tecnología de bloques o blockchain, suministro alimenticio, micronutrientes, regulación, fortificación con hierro con énfasis en productos a base de pulpa de café. Resultados: en tiempos de pandemia y otros desastres, uno de los factores que afectan la respuesta de un huésped al virus es la nutrición, la seguridad alimentaria es importante especialmente en países con altas tasas de desnutrición y anemia, por ende, es fundamental la fortificación de alimentos comunes para contribuir en garantizar la adecuación nutricional como parte de las respuestas de los gobiernos, especialmente en áreas rurales y urbanas empobrecidas, planteándose sistemas de suministro de alimentos con la tecnología de bloques o blockchain. Conclusión: la fortificación de productos alimenticios a base de pulpa de café y el suministro que aplique tecnología de bloques podría ser una estrategia de respuesta a las consecuencias de la pandemia

SUMMARY Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused human losses, tensions in medical care, the economy and other social systems. Objective: To collect information on food safety and fortification of foods based on coffee pulp, considering that good nutrition counteracts infections. Methodology: Literature in SciELO and SCOPUS bases was analyzed, restricting search terms to food safety, COVID-19, block chain technology, food supply, micronutrients, regulation, iron fortification with emphasis on coffee pulp-based products. Results: In times of pandemic and other disasters, one of the factors that affect the response of a host to the virus is nutrition. The importance of food security is recognized with proposals especially in countries with high rates of malnutrition and anemia, for the fortification of common foods to contribute to guaranteeing nutritional adequacy as part of the governments' responses, especially in impoverished rural and urban areas, considering food supply systems with block or Block Chain technology. Conclusion: The fortification of food products based on coffee pulp and their supply using block chain could be a response strategy to the consequences of the pandemic.

Introdução: a pandemia de COVID-19 causou perdas humanas, tensões na assistência médica, na economia e em outros sistemas sociais. Objetivo: coletar informações sobre segurança alimentar e fortificação de alimentos à base de polpa de café, considerando que uma boa nutrição combate infecções. Metodologia: a literatura foi analisada nas bases de dados SciELO e SCOPUS, restringindo os termos de busca a: segurança alimentar, COVID-19, tecnologia de bloco ou blockchain, abastecimento de alimentos, micronutrientes, regulação, fortificação de ferro com ênfase em produtos à base de polpa de café. Resultados: em tempos de pandemia e outros desastres, um dos fatores que afeta a resposta de um hospedeiro ao vírus é a nutrição, a segurança alimentar é importante principalmente em países com altos índices de desnutrição e anemia, portanto, a fortificação é essencial dos alimentos comuns para ajudar a garantir a adequação nutricional como parte das respostas governamentais, especialmente em áreas rurais e urbanas empobrecidas, considerando sistemas de abastecimento de alimentos com tecnologia block ou blockchain. Conclusão: a fortificação de produtos alimentícios à base de polpa de café e abastecimento aplicando tecnologia de blocos pode ser uma estratégia de resposta às consequências da pandemia.

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As coffee consumption is on the rise, and the global coffee production creates an excess of 23 million tons of waste per year, a revolutionary transition towards a circular economy via the transformation and valorization of the main by-products from its cultivation and preparation (Coffee Husk (CH), Coffee Pulp (CP), Coffee Silverskin (CS), and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)) is inspiring researchers around the world. The recent growth of scholarly publications in the field and the emerging applications of coffee by-products published in these scientific papers encourages a systematic review to identify the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and to discuss the challenges and future directions. This paper displays a comprehensive scientometric analysis based on 108 articles with a high level of influence in the field of coffee by-products and their applications. According to our analysis, the research in this field shows an explosive growth since 2017, clustered in five core applications: bioactive compounds, microbial transformation, environmental applications, biofuels from thermochemical processes, and construction materials.

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Effects of substituting of wheat flour with coffee cherry pulp powder (CCPP) (coffee by-product as fiber source) at 0, 1.2, 2.3, and 4.7% dry basis (0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5% wet basis) on dough and gluten rheological properties and baking quality were investigated. Rheological properties were analyzed during mixing, compression recovery, and creep-recovery. A rheological approach was adopted to study the viscoelasticity of dough enriched with fiber. The data obtained were analyzed with the Kelvin-Voigt model and the parameters were correlated to bread volume and crumb firmness to assess the effect of incorporating CCPP. A decrease in gluten's elastic properties was attributed to the water-binding and gelling properties of CCPP. Stiffness of dough and crumb firmness increased as the level of CCPP increased and bread volume decreased. Stiffer dough corresponded with lower compliance values and higher steady state viscosity compared to the control. A follow-up study with 5% CCPP and additives is recommended to overcome the reduction in elastic recovery and bread volume.

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This study investigated the performance of aerobic windrow systems by using coffee by-products and green waste to reduce gaseous emissions. Thereafter, a comparison with the current treatment and gaseous emissions at a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica was made. Two different studies where performed in Germany (pile I and II) and one study in a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica (pile III). Temperature, water content, and pH were the key parameters controlled over 35 days in all the systems. Moreover, CH4 emission rates were quantified by a FTIR and by a portable gas detector device where the emissions reached values 100 times higher when coffee by-products as a unique material for the composting process was used. Results show that highest emission rates during the composting process for pile I was 0.007 g(m2)-1 h-1, for pile II 0.006 g(m2)-1 h-1, and for pile III 3.1 g(m2)-1 h-1. It was found that CH4 emissions could be avoided if the mixture and the formation of the windrow piles were performed following the key parameter for composting, and the usage of additional material is used. With this, the reduction of CH4 emissions at the Mill in Costa Rica could be achieved in the future.

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Abstract Background: Coffee pulp has a high content of antioxidants capable of modifying the oxidative status in small ruminants. However, high amounts for a prolonged time can reduce fertility. Objective: To determine the effect of two inclusion levels of coffee pulp during estrous synchronization on reproductive variables and oxidative status of primiparous ewes. Methods: Sixty Suffolk x Dorset primiparous ewes were distributed into three treatments in a completely randomized design; T0: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet, T1: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet and 5% coffee pulp, T2: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet and 10% coffee pulp. Supplementation was given for 16 days before estrus synchronization and until the beginning of the breeding season. A progestogen (CIDR®) was inserted for 11 days and a dose of PGF2α was applied two days prior to its withdrawal. Estrus detection started 12 hours after CIDR withdrawal. Blood samples were obtained during the supplementation period to measure oxidative status, antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin, and up to 9 days after breeding to determine progesterone concentration. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 30 and 60 days post-breeding. An analysis of repeated measures of mixed effects and frequency analysis were carried out. Results: Inclusion of coffee pulp for a short period prior to breeding did not affect reproductive parameters, nor progesterone, glucose or insulin concentrations (p>0.05); however, antioxidant capacity increased, while lipid oxidation showed an opposite trend (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inclusion of up to 10% coffee pulp in the diet of ewe lambs for 16 days prior to breeding improves oxidative status without causing adverse effects on pregnancy, estrus or prolificacy.

Resumen Antecedentes: La pulpa de café tiene un alto contenido de antioxidantes capaces de modificar el estado oxidativo en pequeños rumiantes. Sin embargo, a dosis elevadas y por un tiempo prolongado puede reducir la fertilidad. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de dos niveles de inclusión de pulpa de café durante la sincronización del estro en variables reproductivas y el estado oxidativo de ovejas primerizas. Métodos: Se utilizaron 60 ovejas primalas Suffolk x Dorset fueron distribuidas en tres tratamientos en un diseño completamente al azar; T0: (n=20) con 1,5 kg de dieta integral, T1: (n=20) con 1,5 kg de dieta integral y 5% de pulpa de café, T2: (n=20) con 1,5 kg de dieta integral y 10% de pulpa de café. La suplementación se realizó por 16 días, previo a la sincronización del estro y hasta el empadre. El progestágeno (CIDR®) se insertó en las ovejas por 11 días y se aplicó una dosis de PGF2α dos días antes de su retiro. La detección de estro comenzó a las 12 horas post-retiro del CIDR®. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas durante el periodo de suplementación para medir estado oxidativo, capacidad antioxidante, glucosa e insulina, y hasta 9 días posteriores al empadre para determinar las concentraciones de progesterona. El diagnóstico de gestación se realizó a los 30 y 60 días post-monta. Se realizaron análisis de medidas repetidas utilizando un modelo de efectos mixtos, además de análisis de frecuencias. Resultados: La inclusión de pulpa por un periodo corto previo al empadre no afectó los parámetros reproductivos ni las concentraciones de progesterona, glucosa o insulina (p>0,05); sin embargo, la capacidad antioxidante se incrementó, mientras que la oxidación lipídica siguió una tendencia inversa (p<0,05). Conclusión: La inclusión hasta de 10% de pulpa de café en la dieta de ovejas por 16 días previo al empadre mejora el estado oxidativo sin ocasionar efectos adversos en el porcentaje de preñez, estro o prolificidad.

Resumo Antecedentes: A polpa de café tem alto conteúdo de antioxidantes capazes de modificar o estado oxidativo em pequenos ruminantes; no entanto, em doses elevadas e por um tempo prolongado reduz a fertilidade. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de inclusão de polpa de café durante a sincronização do estro em diferentes variáveis reprodutivas e estado oxidativo das ovelhas primíparas. Métodos: Sessenta ovelhas primíparas dos cruzamentos Suffolk x Dorset foram distribuídas em três tratamentos em um design completamente aleatório; T0: (n=20) com 1,5 kg de dieta completa, T1: (n=20) com 1,5 kg de dieta completa contendo 5% de polpa de café, T2: (n=20) com 1,5 kg de dieta completa contendo 10% de polpa de café. A suplementação realizou-se por 16 dias, antes do início da sincronização de estros e até o momento do acasalamento. O progestogênio (CIDR) foi inserido nas ovelhas durante 11 dias e uma dose de PGF2α foi aplicada dois dias antes da sua retirada. Doze horas após a retirada do CIDR iniciou-se a detecção de estros. Foram obtidas amostras de sangue durante o período de suplementação, para medição do estado oxidativo, capacidade antioxidante, glicose e insulina e até 9 dias posteriores ao início da estação de monta para determinar as concentrações de progesterona. O diagnostico de gestação realizou-se aos 30 e 60 dias post-monta. Uma análise de medidas repetidas de efeitos mistos e análise de freqüência foi realizada. Resultados: A inclusão de polpa por um período curto antes da estação de monta não afetou os parâmetros reprodutivos nem as concentrações de progesterona, glicose e insulina (p>0,05); porém, a capacidade antioxidante nas ovelhas foi aumentada, enquanto a oxidação lipídica seguiu uma tendência inversa (p<0,05). Conclusão: Inclusão de polpa de café na dieta de ovelha até 10% durante 16 dias antes do acasalamento melhora o estado oxidativo, sem causar efeitos adversos na porcentagem de gravidez, estro e prolificidade.

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Ustilago maydis, an edible mushroom growing on maize (Zea mays), is consumed as the food delicacy huitlacoche in Mexico. A chlorogenic acid esterase from this basidiomycete was expressed in good yields cultivating the heterologous host Pichia pastoris on the 5L bioreactor scale (reUmChlE; 45.9UL(-1)). In contrast to previously described chlorogenic acid esterases, the reUmChlE was also active towards feruloylated saccharides. The enzyme preferred substrates with the ferulic acid esterified to the O-5 position of arabinose residues, typical of graminaceous monocots, over the O-2 position of arabinose or the O-6 position of galactose residues. Determination of kcat/Km showed that the reUmChlE hydrolyzed chlorogenic acid 18-fold more efficiently than methyl ferulate, p-coumarate or caffeate. Phenolic acids were released by reUmChlE from natural substrates, such as destarched wheat bran, sugar beet pectin and coffee pulp. Treatment of wheat dough using reUmChlE resulted in a noticeable softening indicating a potential application of the enzyme in bakery and confectionery.

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The semi-dry processing of coffee generates significant amounts of coffee pulp and wastewater. This study evaluated the production of bioethanol and volatile compounds of eight yeast strains cultivated in a mixture of these residues. Hanseniaspora uvarum UFLA CAF76 showed the best fermentation performance; hence it was selected to evaluate different culture medium compositions and inoculum size. The best results were obtained with 12% w/v of coffee pulp, 1 g/L of yeast extract and 0.3 g/L of inoculum. Using these conditions, fermentation in 1 L of medium was carried out, achieving higher ethanol yield, productivity and efficiency with values of 0.48 g/g, 0.55 g/L h and 94.11% respectively. Twenty-one volatile compounds corresponding to higher alcohols, acetates, terpenes, aldehydes and volatile acids were identified by GC-FID. Such results indicate that coffee residues show an excellent potential as substrates for production of value-added compounds. H. uvarum demonstrated high fermentative capacity using these residues.

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The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production has been intensively investigated in recent years. However, for efficient conversion to ethanol, many pretreatment steps are required prior to hydrolysis and fermentation. Coffee stands out as the most important agricultural product in Brazil and wastes such as pulp and coffee husk are generated during the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively. This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose.

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Los avances en biotecnología industrial ofrecen oportunidades potenciales para la utilización económica de residuos agro-industriales tales como la pulpa de café, material mucilaginoso, fibroso (producto secundario) obtenido durante el proceso húmedo o seco del beneficio de las cerezas de café. El propósito de este trabajo fue utilizar los residuos de la pulpa de café, rico en materia orgánica, como sustrato para la producción de biomasa de levaduras por procesos de fermentación aeróbica. Los residuos de café se sometieron a hidrólisis con una solución de ácido sulfúrico al 2%, en una relación 10:1 (líquido:sólido), con un tamaño de partícula ≤ 2 mm., operando a presión atmosférica, ebullición a reflujo, durante 4 horas. El extracto ácido se filtró y se ajustó a pH 4,5 y luego se esterilizó a 120 ºC por 15 minutos. La fermentación se realizó con Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Candida utilis, medio de producción extracto de café enriquecido con sales nutritivas. Se formularon diferentes medios de producción (1,2,3 y 4), siendo el N°3, enriquecido con extracto de café hidrolizado, 1L; urea, 3g/L; fosfato ácido de potasio, 2g/L; extracto de malta, 1,3g/L y melaza, 30g/L, el cual aportó los mejores resultados. El tiempo total de fermentación fue de 8 horas. Se obtuvo 10g/L de biomasa con un incremento proteico de 7,39 a 42,5%. Se puede concluir que la pulpa de café constituye un sustrato adecuado para obtener biomasa o proteína unicelular, que podría ser destinada como suplemento en formulaciones para alimentación animal.

The advances in industrial biotechnology offer potential opportunities for the economic use of agro-industrial remainders such as the coffee pulp, mucilagenous, fibrous material (secondary product) obtained during the humid or dry process of the benefit of the coffee cherries. The intention of this work was to use the remainders of the pulp of coffee, rich in organic matter, like substrate for the production of biomass of leavenings by processes of aerobic fermentation. The coffee remainders were put under hydrolysis with a sulfuric acid solution to 2%, in a 10:1 relation (liquid: solid), with a size of particle ≤ 2 mm, operating to atmospheric pressure, boiling to ebb tide, during 4 hours. The acid extract filtered and it adjusted to pH 4,5 and then it sterilize to 120 ºC by 15 minutes. The fermentation was made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis, the production means: extract of coffee enriched with nutritious salts. Different means from production were formulated (1,2,3 and 4), being the N°3, enriched with extract of hydrolyzed coffee, 1L; urea, 3g/L; acid potassium phosphate, 2g/L; extract of Malta, 1,3g/L and molasses, 30g/L, which contributed the best results. The total time of fermentation was of 8 hours. 10g/L of biomass with a protein increase from 7.39 to 42.5% was obtained. It is possible to be concluded that the coffee pulp constitutes an suitable substrate to obtain biomass or unicellular protein, that could be destined like supplement in formulations for feeding animal.