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Abstract Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a hormone and the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This peptide has crucial pathophysiological effects on hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, endothelial proliferation, inflammation and tissue remodelling through G protein-coupled receptors. The pro-inflammatory role of Ang II has been reported in various inflammatory processes. Obesity is linked to a chronic inflammatory process which in turn is the cause of some of its morbidities. Ang II is related to the comorbidities related to the comorbidities of obesity, which include alterations in the heart, kidney, hypertension and coagulation. In this regard, activation of AT1 receptors by Ang II can induce an inflammatory process mediated by the transcription factor NF-kB, triggering inflammation in various systems that are related to the comorbidities observed in obesity. The aim of this review was to highlight the pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II and the alterations induced by this hormone in various organs and systems in obesity. The search was done since 1990 through Medline, EMBASE and PubMed, using the keywords: angiotensin II; angiotensin II, obesity; angiotensin II, kidney, obesity; angiotensin II, coagulation, obesity; angiotensin II, inflammation, obesity; angiotensin II, adipose tissue, obesity; angiotensin II, hypertension, obesity; angiotensin II, insulin resistance, obesity; angiotensin II, adiponectin, leptin, obesity; angiotensin II, COVID-19, obesity. Angiotensin II through its interaction with its AT1 receptor, can induce alterations in diverse systems that are related to the comorbidities observed in obesity. Therapeutic strategies to decrease the production and action of Ang II could improve the clinical conditions in individuals with obesity.
Resumen La angiotensina II (Ang II) es una hormona y el principal efector del sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA). Este péptido tiene importantes efectos fisiopatológicos en la hipertensión, la hipertrofia cardíaca, la proliferación endotelial, la inflamación y la remodelación tisular a través de receptores acoplados a la proteína G. El papel pro-inflamatorio de la Ang II se ha reportado en diversos procesos inflamatorios. La obesidad está ligada a un proceso inflamatorio crónico que a su vez es causa de algunas de sus morbilidades. Se ha demostrado que la Ang II está relacionada con las comorbilidades de la obesidad, que incluyen alteraciones en el corazón, el riñón, la hipertensión y la coagulación. En este sentido, la activación de los receptores AT1 por la Ang II puede inducir un proceso inflamatorio mediado por el factor de transcripción NFkB desencadenado inflamación en diversos sistemas que se relacionan con las co-morbilidades observadas en la obesidad. El propósito de esta revisión fue destacar el efecto pro-inflamatorio de la Ang II y las alteraciones inducidas por esta hormona en diversos órganos y sistemas en la obesidad. La búsqueda se hizo desde 1990 a través de Medline, EMBASE and PubMed, utilizando las palabras clave: angiotensina II; angiotensina II, obesidad; angiotensina II, riñón, obesidad; angiotensina II, coagulación, obesidad; angiotensina II, inflamación, obesidad; angiotensin II, adipose tissue, obesidad; angiotensin II, hipertensión, obesidad; angiotensin II, resistencia a la insulina, obesidad; angiotensin II, adiponectina, leptina, obesidad; angiotensina II, COVID-19, obesidad. La angiotensina II a través de su interacción con su receptor AT1 puede inducir alteraciones en diversos sistemas que están relacionados con las comorbilidades observadas en la obesidad. Estrategias terapeúticas para disminuir su producción y la acción de la AngII pudieran mejorar las condiciones clínicas en individuos con obesidad.
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Background: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 have become a global health crisis. The infection has been present in all the social sectors. Subjects under 18 years are one of them. The objective was to analyze the case fatality ratio of COVID-19 cases in the Mexican population under 18 years of age registered in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System from March 2020 to December 31, 2020. Material and Methods: The design is cross-sectional, quantitative, and analytical. All the suspected cases of respiratory viral disease, with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result, aged from 0 to 17 years, were included. Descriptive statistics are presented for all the variables. Epidemiological curves were designed. The chi-squared test and its P-values were obtained to show the relationship between comorbidities and death. The case fatality ratio was computed for each comorbidity, sex, and age group. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to study the effect between comorbidities with the fatality of cases, adjusting for sex and age group as potential confounders. The alpha value was fixed to 0.05 to assess significance. Results: The number of records for this study was 167,856. Among them, 48,505 were from SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (28.90%), and 119,351 (71.10%) were negative. Of those who died, males (55.29%) (P < 0.05) and those under 2 years of age (50.35%) (P < 0.05) predominated. Unlike in older populations, from the comorbidities considered risk factors for death by COVID-19, only immunosuppression showed a statistically significant effect on the fatality of cases after adjustment by the other related variables. Sex and age group were not confounders for the models in those under 18 years old. Pneumonia, being younger than 5 years, and immunosuppression are related to death. Conclusion: The case fatality ratio in those under 18 years old is low. Special attention must be paid to those children under 5 years. The development of pneumonia is a warning indicator while treating them. On the other hand, having an open database of cases allows the researchers to analyze the impact of COVID-19 in different population sectors, which has clear benefits for public health.
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RESUMEN Introducción: desde los finales del año pasado en Wuhan, se informó de una neumonía de etiología desconocida, que llevó a la Organización Mundial de la Salud a declarar la infección por SARS-CoV-2, como una emergencia sanitaria denominándola como enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). En Cuba se confeccionó un programa de enfrentamiento, en el cual la atención hospitalaria, siguió un riguroso protocolo de atención a pacientes positivos de la COVID-19, en áreas de cuidados mínimos, intensivos o progresivos. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica/epidemiológica pacientes positivos de la COVID-19, ingresados en el Hospital "Amalia Simoni". Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal de 1 066 ingresos en el Hospital "Amalia Simoni", de marzo-mayo del 2020. Se revisaron historias clínicas y se obtuvo: edad, sexo, procedencia, sintomatología, comorbilidades y evolución epidemiológica. Datos que se evaluaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: se halló un predominio de edad media, sin diferencias de sexo, predominaron los casos de la ciudad de Camagüey y de los municipios con mayor urbanización. Prevalecieron la tos y la fiebre, además de la mitad de los casos sin comorbilidades, con solo un pequeño porcentaje de casos confirmados. Conclusiones: con un enfoque basado en la medicina preventiva en los casos estudiados, predominó la edad media, de procedencia de áreas urbanizadas con mayor población y aglomeraciones sociales. Se destacó que el ingreso precoz, basada en la pesquisa de la Atención Primaria logró disminuir los casos confirmados a un pequeño porcentaje, al igual que los graves y un solo fallecido (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: from the end of the last year in Wuhan, China, it was informed an unknown etiology pneumonia leading the World Health Organization to declare the infection with SARS-CoV-2 a sanitary emergency naming it coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). A confrontation program was elaborated in Cuba, in which hospital care followed a rigorous protocol to take care to Covid-19-positive patients in areas of minimal, intensive and progressive care. Objective: to clinically/epidemiologically characterize Covid-19-positive patients admitted in the Hospital "Amalia Simoni". Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in 1 066 patients admitted in the Hospital "Amalia Simoni" in the period March-May 2020. Clinical records were reviewed and data gathered were age, sex, origin, symptomatology, co-morbidities and epidemiological evolution, data obtained through descriptive statistics. Results: it was found the predominance of medium age, without sex differences; the cases of patients from the city of Camaguey and from the municipalities with biggest urbanization predominated. Cough and fever prevailed; half of cases did not have comorbidities, and only a little percent of cases was confirmed. Conclusions: with an approach based in preventive medicine, medium age, and provenance from urban areas with bigger population and social concentrations predominated in the studied cases. It was showed that precocious admission, based on the Primary Health Care screening, succeeded in diminish confirmed cases to a little percent, as diminished the seriously ill ones; only one patient died (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pacientes , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Clínicos/normas , Isolamento de Pacientes/métodos , Sinais e Sintomas , Evolução Clínica , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model is the newest iteration of the bundled payment methodology introduced by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model, while incentivizing providers to deliver care at a lower cost, does not incorporate any patient-level risk stratification. Our study evaluated the impact of specific medical co-morbidities on the cost of care in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 1258 Medicare patients who underwent primary elective TJA between January 2015 and July 2016 at a single institution. There were 488 males, 552 hips, and the mean age was 71 years. Cost data were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Co-morbidity information was obtained from a manual review of patient records. Fourteen co-morbidities were included in our final multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: The regression models significantly predicted cost variation (P < .001). For index hospital costs, a history of cardiac arrhythmias (P < .001), valvular heart disease (P = .014), and anemia (P = .020) significantly increased costs. For post-acute care costs, a history of neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease or seizures (P < .001), malignancy (P = .001), hypertension (P = .012), depression (P = .014), and hypothyroidism (P = .044) were associated with increases in cost. Similarly, for total episode cost, a history of neurological conditions (P < .001), hypertension (P = .012), malignancy (P = .023), and diabetes (P = .029) were predictors for increased costs. CONCLUSION: The cost of care in primary elective TJA increases with greater patient co-morbidity. Our data provide insight into the relative impact of specific medical conditions on cost of care and may be used in risk stratification in future reimbursement methodologies.
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Artroplastia de Quadril/economia , Artroplastia do Joelho/economia , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Osteoartrite/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. , Comorbidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/economia , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Medicare/economia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoartrite/economia , Osteoartrite/epidemiologia , Osteoartrite/cirurgia , Pacotes de Assistência ao Paciente/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cuidados Semi-Intensivos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by different species of protozoa from the Leishmania genus. Classically, the disease can be classified into two main clinical forms: Visceral (VL) and Tegumentary (TL) leishmaniasis. TL is a skin/mucosal granulomatous disease that manifests mainly as cutaneous localized or disseminated ulcers, papules diffusely distributed, mucosal lesions or atypical lesions. Once the etiology of the infection is confirmed, treatment can take place, and different drugs can be administered. It has already been shown that, even when the scar is clinically evident, inflammation is still present in the native tissue, and the decrease of the inflammatory process occurs slowly during the 1st years after clinical healing. The maintenance of residual parasites in the scar tissue is also well documented. Therefore, it is no longer a surprise that, under some circumstances, therapeutic failure and/or lesion reactivation occurs. All over the years, an impressive amount of data on relapses, treatment resistance and lesion reactivation after healing has been collected, and several factors have been pointed out as having a role in the process. Different factors such as Leishmania species, parasite variability, Leishmania RNA virus 1, parasite load, parasite persistence, age, nutritional status, gender, co-morbidities, co-infection, pregnancy, immunosuppression, lesion duration, number and localization of lesions, drug metabolism, irregular treatment and individual host cellular immune response were described and discussed in the present review. Unfortunately, despite this amount of information, a conclusive understanding remains under construction. In addition, multifactorial influence cannot be discarded. In this context, knowing why leishmaniasis has been difficult to treat and control can help the development of new approaches, such as drugs and immunotherapy in order to improve healing maintenance. In this sense, we would like to highlight some of the findings that may influence the course of Leishmania infection and the therapeutic response, with an emphasis on TL.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the predictions of Framingham cardiovascular (CV) risk score (FRS) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk score in an HIV outpatient clinic in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. In a cross-sectional study 341 HIV infected patients over 40 years old consecutively recruited were interviewed. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement between the two algorithms. 61.3% were stratified as low risk by Framingham score, compared with 54% by ACC/AHA score (Spearman correlation 0.845; p < 0.000). Only 26.1% were classified as cardiovascular high risk by Framingham compared to 46% by ACC/AHA score (Kappa = 0.745; p < 0.039). Only one out of eight patients had cardiovascular high risk by Framingham at the time of a myocardial infarction event registered up to five years before the study period. Both cardiovascular risk scores but especially Framingham underestimated high-risk patients in this HIV-infected population.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Algoritmos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Medição de Risco/métodos , Estados Unidos , Cardiologia , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , American Heart Association , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologiaRESUMO
La insuficiencia cardíaca afecta aproximadamente a 5.1 millones de adultos en los Estados Unidos de América, con expectativas de alcanzar a casi 8 millones de adultos para 2030. Los pacientes portadores de insuficiencia cardiaca están en mayor riesgo de sufrir una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad que la población en general; además, existen co-morbilidades que pueden complicar el cuidado de estos pacientes. La diabetes mellitus, el dolor crónico y la depresión son diagnósticos que muy a menudo coexisten con la insuficiencia cardiaca. Los medicamentos con que normalmente se tratan estas co-morbilidades pueden inducir o empeorar los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardiaca, así que determinar la terapia apropiada es de vital importancia. Los médicos deben entender la relación que existe entre estas medicaciones y la insuficiencia cardiaca para mejorar la asistencia, aumentar la seguridad del paciente y reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad. Este trabajo analiza la asociación entre ciertos medicamentos usados para el tratamiento de estas co-morbilidades y su relación con la insuficiencia cardiaca. El propósito de este artículo es proporcionar una orientación farmacológica donde las opciones de tratamiento tengan especial consideración con un aumento de la supervisión médica, para evitar la descompensación o aparición de la insuficiencia cardiaca en los pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus, dolor crónico y depresión (AU).
Heart failure affects approximately 5.1 million adults in the USA, with expectations of a rise to nearly 8 million adults by 2030. Patients with heart failure are at increased risk for morbidity/mortality, and co-morbidities can further complicate care for these patients. Diabetes mellitus, chronic pain, and depression are diagnoses that often coexist with heart failure. Medications commonly used to treat these co-morbidities may induce or worsen heart failure symptoms, so determining appropriate drug therapy is important. Healthcare providers must understand the relationship between these medications and heart failure in order to improve prescribing practices to increase patient safety and reduce morbidity and mortality. This manuscript discusses the association between certain medications used to treat the aforementioned diagnoses and their relationship to heart failure. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on which pharmacologic options require special consideration, increased monitoring, or complete avoidance in heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic pain, and/or depression (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus/patologia , Dor Crônica/patologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Depressão/patologia , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Depressão/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Dor Crônica/prevenção & controle , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/patologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the predictions of Framingham cardiovascular (CV) risk score (FRS) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk score in an HIV outpatient clinic in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. In a cross-sectional study 341 HIV infected patients over 40 years old consecutively recruited were interviewed. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement between the two algorithms. 61.3% were stratified as low risk by Framingham score, compared with 54% by ACC/AHA score (Spearman correlation 0.845; p<0.000). Only 26.1% were classified as cardiovascular high risk by Framingham compared to 46% by ACC/AHA score (Kappa=0.745; p<0.039). Only one out of eight patients had cardiovascular high risk by Framingham at the time of a myocardial infarction event registered up to five years before the study period. Both cardiovascular risk scores but especially Framingham underestimated high-risk patients in this HIV-infected population.
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Algoritmos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , American Heart Association , Cardiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: End-Stage renal disease (ESRD) causes considerable morbidity and mortality, and significantly alters patients' quality of life. There are very few published data on this problem in the French Overseas territories. The development of a registry on end stage renal disease in French Guiana in 2011 allowed to describe the magnitude of this problem in the region for the first time. METHODS: Using data from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network registry (R.E.I.N). Descriptive statistics on quantitative and qualitative variables in the registry were performed on prevalent cases and incident cases in 2011, 2012 and 2013. RESULTS: French Guiana has one of the highest ESRD prevalence and incidence in France. The two main causes of ESRD were hypertensive and diabetic nephropathies. The French Guianese population had a different demographic profile (younger, more women, more migrants) than in mainland France. Most patients had at least one comorbidity, predominantly (95.3%) hypertension. In French Guiana dialysis was initiated in emergency for 71.3% of patients versus 33% in France (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These first results give important public health information: i) End stage renal disease has a very high prevalence relative to mainland France ii) Patients have a different demographic profile and enter care late in the course of their renal disease. These data are closer to what is observed in the Caribbean or in Latin America than in Mainland France.
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Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Renal/tendências , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Liver biopsy is still useful in selected clinical situations in which it is the only tool to obtain information necessary for the diagnosis, the prognosis, and the decision for treatment. Main examples are viral hepatitis with confounding co-morbidities, non alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune liver diseases.
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Hepatite Autoimune/diagnóstico , Hepatite Crônica/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Fígado/patologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Comorbidade , Hepatite Autoimune/epidemiologia , Hepatite Autoimune/patologia , Hepatite Crônica/epidemiologia , Hepatite Crônica/patologia , Hepatite Crônica/virologia , Humanos , Fígado/virologia , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/virologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a STAT5b-regulated gene and one of its functions is to influence growth and development through negative regulatory effects on GH/IGF-1 pathway. So, we evaluate the potential influence of SOCS2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on clinical and laboratorial characteristics of a large cohort of Brazilian patients with acromegaly. METHODS: Four SOCS2 SNPs (rs3782415, rs3816997, rs3825199 and rs11107116) were selected and genotyped by real-time PCR using specific Taqman probe assays. A total of 186 patients (116 women, age range 26-88 years) were evaluated. RESULTS: No association of SOCS2 genotypes was observed with none of the following clinical and laboratorial characteristics: age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, basal GH, oral glucose tolerance test GH nadir, IGF-I, ULNR-IGF-I. CONCLUSION: Despite of the key role of SOCS2 in the regulation of GH receptor signaling, we did not find any significant association between SOCS2 polymorphisms and acromegaly.
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Acromegalia/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Proteínas Supressoras da Sinalização de Citocina/genética , Acromegalia/patologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Masculino , Fenótipo , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
We have retrospectively reviewed 137 medical records of patients older than 50 years receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between January 1997 and July 2013. Median follow up was 1.3 years. Sex, age, diagnosis, disease stage, comorbidities (according to HCT-CI score), type of donor, histocompatibility, conditioning regimen and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis were evaluated. The incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD, overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were investigated according those variables. Acute GVHD incidence was 41% (7.3% GIII-IV). Patients with acute myeloid leukemia had lesser aGVH GII-IV (14% vs. 35%, p<0.01) comparing to the entire population. Extensive cGVHD incidence was 9.4%. Global OS 1-3 years was 44-20%, DFS 33-20%, relapse 35-41% and NRM 36-43% respectively. The presence of comorbidities showed a significant increase in NRM (CT-CI 0 vs. 1 vs ≥2: 1-3 years 17-24% vs. 40-46% vs. 45-67%, p=0.001, MA HR 2.03, CI 95% 1.02-5.29), as well as cyclosporine vs. tacrolimus (1-3 years 47-53% vs. 25-36%, p=0.01). Tacrolimus patients had higher 1-3 years OS (49-25% vs. 31-13%, p=0.01) and DFS (41-26% vs. 20-11%, p<0.01). Age, type of donor and myeloablative conditioning showed no significant differences in any outcome. Allogeneic HSCT is a valid therapeutic option for older patients in Argentina. The main risk factor for a significantly increased NRM and a trend to inferior OS was the number of comorbidities. Age was not a factor for a worse result. The other factor having a significant effect in better outcome was tacrolimus administration.
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Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We have retrospectively reviewed 137 medical records of patients older than 50 years receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between January 1997 and July 2013. Median follow up was 1.3 years. Sex, age, diagnosis, disease stage, comorbidities (according to HCT-CI score), type of donor, histocompatibility, conditioning regimen and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis were evaluated. The incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD, overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were investigated according those variables. Acute GVHD incidence was 41% (7.3% GIII-IV). Patients with acute myeloid leukemia had lesser aGVH GII-IV (14% vs. 35%, p < 0.01) comparing to the entire population. Extensive cGVHD incidence was 9.4%. Global OS 1-3 years was 44-20%, DFS 33-20%, relapse 35-41% and NRM 36-43% respectively. The presence of comorbidities showed a significant increase in NRM (CT-CI 0 vs. 1 vs ≥ 2: 1-3 years 17-24% vs. 40-46% vs. 45-67%, p = 0.001, MA HR 2.03, CI 95% 1.02-5.29), as well as cyclosporine vs. tacrolimus (1-3 years 47-53% vs. 25-36%, p = 0.01). Tacrolimus patients had higher 1-3 years OS (49-25% vs. 31-13%, p = 0.01) and DFS (41-26% vs. 20-11%, p < 0.01). Age, type of donor and myeloablative conditioning showed no significant differences in any outcome. Allogeneic HSCT is a valid therapeutic option for older patients in Argentina. The main risk factor for a significantly increased NRM and a trend to inferior OS was the number of comorbidities. Age was not a factor for a worse result. The other factor having a significant effect in better outcome was tacrolimus administration.
Se efectuó un análisis retrospectivo de 137 historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 50 años que recibieron un trasplante alogénico de precursores hematopoyéticos (TAPH). Se evaluaron las siguientes características: sexo, edad, enfermedad, estadio, comorbilidades (según el HCT-CI), donante, acondicionamiento e inmunosupresión. Se analizó la incidencia de enfermedad injerto vs. huésped aguda (aEICH) y crónica (cEICH), supervivencia global (SG), supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE), recaída y mortalidad libre de enfermedad (MLE). Los trasplantes fueron realizados entre 1997-2013, mediana de seguimiento 1.3 años. La incidencia de aEICH fue de 41% (7.3% GIII-IV). Los pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda presentaron menor incidencia de EICHa GII-IV (14% vs. 34%, p < 0.01). La incidencia de EICHc extenso fue de 9.4%. La SG a 1-3 años fue 44-20%, SLE 33-20%, recaída 35-41% y la MLE 36-43%. Los pacientes con comorbilidades tuvieron un aumento significativo de la MLE (HCT-CI 0 vs. 1 vs. ≥2: 1-3 años 17-24% vs. 40-46% vs. 45-67%, p = 0.001, AMV HR 2.03, IC 95% 1.02-5.29), al igual que el uso de ciclosporina vs. tacrolimus (1-3 años 47-53% vs. 25-36%, p = 0.01). Los pacientes que recibieron tacrolimus tuvieron una mayor SG (1-3 años 49-25% vs. 31-13%, p = 0.01) y SLE (1-3 años 41-26% vs. 20-11%, p < 0.01). La edad, tipo de donante y acondicionamiento no resultaron significativos para ningún evento. El TAPH es una herramienta terapéutica válida en pacientes mayores. Los factores pronósticos que inciden mayormente en el trasplante son las comorbilidades y no la edad. El otro factor que demostró un efecto significativo fue el uso de tacrolimus.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Imunossupressores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introduction: Although it has received several criticisms, which is considered to be the most effective method used for global assessment of morbid obesity surgical treatment, still needs to be updated.Objective: Critical analysis of BAROS constitution and method.Method: BAROS as headings was searched in literature review using data from the main bariatric surgery journals until 2009.Results: Where found and assessed 121 papers containing criticisms on BAROS constitution and methodology. It has some failures and few researches show results on the use of this instrument, although it is still considered a standard method. Several authors that used it found imperfections in its methodology and suggested some changes addressed to improving its acceptance, showing the need of developing new methods to qualify the bariatric surgery results.Conclusion: BAROS constitution has failures and its methodology needs to be updated.
Introdução: O BAROS é considerado o método mais eficaz e utilizado para a avaliação global do tratamento operatório da obesidade mórbida; porém, possui inúmeras críticas e precisa ser atualizado.Objetivo: Analisar criticamente a constituição e o método do BAROS.Método: Revisão da literatura utilizando o descritor BAROS, pesquisado nas revistas de cirurgia bariátrica até abril de 2009.Resultados: Foram encontrados e avaliados 121 trabalhos. O BAROS possui falhas em sua constituição e metodologia. Embora ainda seja considerado como método-padrão, poucas pesquisas relatam resultados utilizando esse instrumento. Inúmeros pesquisadores que utilizaram este protocolo encontraram imperfeições em seu método e sugeriram modificações para que fosse amplamente aceito, tornando-se evidente a necessidade de um novo método para qualificação dos resultados das operações bariátricas.Conclusão: O BAROS possui falhas em sua constituição e necessita de atualização em seus meios metodológicos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
As cirurgias cardíacas vêm ocorrendo mais tardiamente devido à evolução da medicina e formas alternativas de tratamento não-cirúrgicos. Com isso, pacientes com idades mais avançadas e maiores fatores de risco estão sendo submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas e, consequentemente, apresentam maiores complicações no pós-operatório. A principal complicação apresentada por esses pacientes é o comprometimento da função pulmonar, sendo indispensável uma intervenção fisioterapêutica no pré e pós-operatório. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica e identificar os fatores de risco dos pacientes que mais apresentam complicações em cirurgias cardíacas e enfatizar a importância da fisioterapia no pré-operatório. Métodos: revisão sistemática foi realizada com busca de artigos científicos nas bases de dados MedLine/PubMed (Literatura Internacional em Ciencias e Saúde) e Scielo (ScientificElectronic Library Online), onde foram selecionados artigos que discorriam a respeito das cirurgias cardíacas e suas complicações. Conclusão: Pacientes com maiores fatores de risco apresentam maiores complicações e podem permanecer mais tempo em ventilação mecânica retardando sua recuperação. Por isso a importância de se conhecer os fatores de risco e iniciar a fisioterapia no pré-operatório para evitar ou reduzir tais complicações no pós-operatório .
Introduction: Cardiac surgeries are occurring later due to the evolution of medicine and alternative forms of nonsurgical treatment. Thus, patients with older age and higher risk factors are undergoing cardiac surgery, and consequently have more complications postoperatively. The major complication of such patients is impaired pulmonary function, being essential to physical therapy intervention in pre and postoperatively. Objective: Aim of this study was to conduct a literature review and identify the risk factors of patients who have more complications in cardiac surgery and emphasize the importance of physical therapy preoperatively. Methods: This systematic review was conducted with a literature search of the MEDLINE / PubMed (International Literature on Science and Health) and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) database, where they reasoned articles about the cardiac surgery were selected. Conclusion: Patients with major risk factors present major complications may stay longer on ventilators which slows your recovery. Hence the importance of knowing the risk factors and begin physical therapy preoperatively to prevent or reduce such complications postoperatively .
Assuntos
Humanos , Cirurgia Torácica , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Especialidade de Fisioterapia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La tuberculosis constituye un problema de salud pública con mayor incidencia en países pobres y presenta dos aspectos a considerar. Las comorbilidades que se comportan como factores de riesgo predisponentes de enfermedad tuberculosa, que pueden complicar su evolución y tratamiento. Por otra parte la resistencia a drogas antituberculosas de primera línea constituye una amenaza para el control de la TB. Con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de las entidades comórbidas en pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis y la frecuencia de casos con resistencia a drogas se incluyeron en el estudio los pacientes mayores de 16 años con tuberculosis confirmada en el Hospital de Clínicas "San José de San Martín". Se utilizó el programa SSPS 15 para el análisis estadístico. Entre abril de 1997 y marzo del 2010, 687 pacientes fueron tratados por TB confirmada. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: tabaquismo 14%; enolismo 4.8%; neoplasias 3.3%; EPOC y asma 5.6%; enfermedades hematológicas 2%; enfermedades autoinmunes 3.3%; diabetes 3%; VIH 6.5%; IRC 1.2%. El tabaquismo se presentó más frecuentemente asociado a la forma pulmonar estricta (p = 0.079), a diferencia de las enfermedades autoinmunes y hematológicas que se presentaron como formas miliares (p = 0.001) y VIH como formas mixtas (p = 0.002). La resistencia se presentó más frecuentemente en enfermedades autoinmunes (4%) y HIV (2%), sin valor significativo (p = 0.779). Del total de los pacientes, se detectó un n = 47 (6.8%) con algún tipo de resistencia a las drogas. En los últimos 4 años se detectaron 2 casos de XDR. No se encontró asociación significativa entre los diferentes tipos de resistencias con la presencia de comorbilidades. Sólo se registró un óbito en un paciente con XDR. La presencia de tratamiento previo (p = 0.001) y las formas bacilíferas (p = 0.016) fueron los factores asociados a un incremento de la resistencia.
Tuberculosis is a public health problem with a higher incidence in poor countries. There are two aspects to consider: co-morbidities which are risk factors for tuberculosis, complicating its evolution and treatment, and resistance to first line drugs which is a threat to tuberculosis control. The objective of the paper was to identify the co-morbidities and the frequency of drug resistance in tuberculosis patients. The study included patients older than 16 years of age with diagnosis of tuberculosis at the Hospital de Clinicas San Jose de San Martin in Buenos Aires. The SSPS 15 program was used for the statistical analysis. From April 1997 to March 2010, 687 patients were treated for confirmed tuberculosis. The most frequent co-morbidities were: tobacco smoking habit 14%; alcoholism 4.8%; cancer 3.3%; COPD and asthma 5.6%; blood diseases 2%; autoimmune diseases 3.3%; diabetes 3%; HIV infection 6.5%; IRC 1.2%. The tobacco smoking habit was more frequently associated to pulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0.079), instead the autoimmune and blood diseases were mostly associated to miliary tuberculosis (p = 0.001) and the HIV infection to tuberculosis in several organs (p = 0.002). Drug resistance was more frequent when autoimmune diseases (4%) and HIV infection (2%) were present, but without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.779). Resistance to at least one drug was present in 47 patients (6.8%). In the last 4 years, 2 cases of extremely drug resistant tuberculosis were detected. There was no significant association between the type of drug resistance and the co-morbidities. Only one death was registered in a patient with extremely drug resistant tuberculosis. Previous treatment (p = 0.001) and sputum positive tuberculosis (p = 0.016) were factors associated to increased drug resistance.
Assuntos
Tuberculose , Comorbidade , Antituberculosos , Resistência a MedicamentosRESUMO
La tuberculosis constituye un problema de salud pública con mayor incidencia en países pobres y presenta dos aspectos a considerar. Las comorbilidades que se comportan como factores de riesgo predisponentes de enfermedad tuberculosa, que pueden complicar su evolución y tratamiento. Por otra parte la resistencia a drogas antituberculosas de primera línea constituye una amenaza para el control de la TB. Con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de las entidades comórbidas en pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis y la frecuencia de casos con resistencia a drogas se incluyeron en el estudio los pacientes mayores de 16 años con tuberculosis confirmada en el Hospital de Clínicas "San José de San Martín". Se utilizó el programa SSPS 15 para el análisis estadístico. Entre abril de 1997 y marzo del 2010, 687 pacientes fueron tratados por TB confirmada. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: tabaquismo 14%; enolismo 4.8%; neoplasias 3.3%; EPOC y asma 5.6%; enfermedades hematológicas 2%; enfermedades autoinmunes 3.3%; diabetes 3%; VIH 6.5%; IRC 1.2%. El tabaquismo se presentó más frecuentemente asociado a la forma pulmonar estricta (p = 0.079), a diferencia de las enfermedades autoinmunes y hematológicas que se presentaron como formas miliares (p = 0.001) y VIH como formas mixtas (p = 0.002). La resistencia se presentó más frecuentemente en enfermedades autoinmunes (4%) y HIV (2%), sin valor significativo (p = 0.779). Del total de los pacientes, se detectó un n = 47 (6.8%) con algún tipo de resistencia a las drogas. En los últimos 4 años se detectaron 2 casos de XDR. No se encontró asociación significativa entre los diferentes tipos de resistencias con la presencia de comorbilidades. Sólo se registró un óbito en un paciente con XDR. La presencia de tratamiento previo (p = 0.001) y las formas bacilíferas (p = 0.016) fueron los factores asociados a un incremento de la resistencia.(AU)
Tuberculosis is a public health problem with a higher incidence in poor countries. There are two aspects to consider: co-morbidities which are risk factors for tuberculosis, complicating its evolution and treatment, and resistance to first line drugs which is a threat to tuberculosis control. The objective of the paper was to identify the co-morbidities and the frequency of drug resistance in tuberculosis patients. The study included patients older than 16 years of age with diagnosis of tuberculosis at the Hospital de Clinicas San Jose de San Martin in Buenos Aires. The SSPS 15 program was used for the statistical analysis. From April 1997 to March 2010, 687 patients were treated for confirmed tuberculosis. The most frequent co-morbidities were: tobacco smoking habit 14%; alcoholism 4.8%; cancer 3.3%; COPD and asthma 5.6%; blood diseases 2%; autoimmune diseases 3.3%; diabetes 3%; HIV infection 6.5%; IRC 1.2%. The tobacco smoking habit was more frequently associated to pulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0.079), instead the autoimmune and blood diseases were mostly associated to miliary tuberculosis (p = 0.001) and the HIV infection to tuberculosis in several organs (p = 0.002). Drug resistance was more frequent when autoimmune diseases (4%) and HIV infection (2%) were present, but without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.779). Resistance to at least one drug was present in 47 patients (6.8%). In the last 4 years, 2 cases of extremely drug resistant tuberculosis were detected. There was no significant association between the type of drug resistance and the co-morbidities. Only one death was registered in a patient with extremely drug resistant tuberculosis. Previous treatment (p = 0.001) and sputum positive tuberculosis (p = 0.016) were factors associated to increased drug resistance.(AU)
RESUMO
AIM: The purpose of the study was to examine psychopathological traits and psychiatric co-morbidities in seekers of cosmetic rhinoplasty. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifty persons seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty and 50 control subjects were admitted to the study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Symptom Checklist - 90 [Revised] (SCL-90-R) were administered to people who requested cosmetic rhinoplasty and control subjects. All participants were also screened by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-(SCIDI/ CV, SCID-II). RESULTS: Thirteen cosmetic rhinoplasty seekers [CRS] (26%) and three control subjects (6%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.006). Beck depression inventory (p = 0.002) and BAI (p = 0.046) levels above the cut-off point were significantly higher in the CRS group than in the normal control. Somatoform disorders were statistically higher in the CRS than control group (p = 0.007). Nine CRS (18%) and two control subjects (4%) had at least one personality disorder. There were differences between the two groups (p = 0.025). The average of SCL-90-R was significantly higher in the CRS than in the control subjects (p < 0.001). The most prevalent somatoform disorders of the CRS were six with body dysmorphic disorder [BDD] (12%). The most prevalent personality disorders of the CRS were three with avoidant (6%) and three with narcissistic (6%) personality. CONCLUSION: Assessment of detailed psychopathological aspects and psychiatric co-morbidities could help to define the clinical profile of people requesting cosmetic rhinoplasty in cosmetic surgery settings. Research into these factors may be important as it is essential to detect crucial problems such as personality disorders and BDD before surgery.
OBJETIVO: El propósito del estudio fue examinar los rasgos psicopatológicos y las comorbilidades psiquiátricas en los solicitantes de rinoplastia cosmética. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Cincuenta personas que buscaban rinoplastia cosmética, y 50 sujetos de control fueron registrados en el estudio. El Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI), y el Listado de Síntomas 90 (Revisado) (SCL 90), fueron aplicados a las personas que solicitaron rinoplastia cosmética y a los sujetos del control. Todos los participantes fueron también sometidos a tamizaje mediante la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para DSM - IV-(SCID-/ CV, SCIDII). RESULTADOS: Trece solicitantes de rinoplastia cosmética solicitantes (SRC) (26%) y tres sujetos de control (6%) tuvieron al menos un diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos (p = 0.006). Los niveles de BDI (p = 0,002) y BAI (p = 0.046) por encima del valor límite, fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de SRC que en el grupo control normal. Los trastornos somatoformes fueron estadísticamente más altos en el grupo SRC que en el grupo control (p = 0.007). Nueve SRC (18%) y dos sujetos de control (4%) tenían al menos un trastorno de personalidad. Hubo diferencias entre los dos grupos (p = 0. 025). El promedio de SCL-90-R fue significativamente más alto en el grupo de SRC que en los sujetos del grupo control (p < 0.001). Los trastornos somatoformes más prevalentes de SRC fueron seis con trastorno dismórfico corporal (TDC) (12%). Los trastornos de personalidad más prevalentes de SRC fueron: tres con trastorno de la personalidad por evitación (6%) y tres con personalidad narcisista (6%). CONCLUSIÓN: La evaluación de los aspectos psicopatológicos detallados y las comorbilidades psiquiátricas podrían ayudar a definir el perfil clínico de las personas que solicitan rinoplastia cosmética en los escenarios de cirugía cosmética. La investigación en estos factores puede ser importante, ya que es esencial para detectar problemas cruciales tales como los trastornos de personalidad y TDC antes de la cirugía.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rinoplastia/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Turquia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Comorbidade , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
AIM: To determine the psychiatric symptom assesment of patients seeking treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to demonstrate the presence of more complicated psychiatric disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The participants were recruited from patients who were attending internal medicine and gastroenterology clinics and who fullfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS. Fifty patients with IBS (IBS group) and 50 patients with complaints other than gastrointestinal symptoms (control group) were randomly selected. All participants were screened by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Symptom Check list - 90 (Revised) [SCL-90-R]. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (34%) and three control subjects (6%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis (p = 0.001). Global severity index (GSI) total scores and SCL-90-R items were significantly higher in the IBS group than the control group (0.92 ± 0.46 vs 0.358 ± 0.19, p < 0.001). Beck anxiety inventory and BDI scores were higher in the IBS group than the control group (p < 0.001). Axis-I psychiatric disorders diagnosed with SCID-I were significantly higher in the IBS group (34% vs 6%) [p = 0.001]. Among the Axis-I disorders, somatoform and anxiety disorders were higher in the patient group than in the control subjects (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0057) whereas there was no difference for mood disorders (p = 0.204). Seven (14%) of the patients and two (4%) of the control subjects had at least one Axis-II psychiatric disorder diagnosed with SCID-II without any significance (p = 0.159). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that except for mood and personality disorders, almost all psychiatric symptoms and disease co-morbities with IBS are higher than in the sample without IBS. We can easily use SCL-90-R, BAI and BDI in internal medicine and gastroenterology clinics to detect psychiatric symptom levels and then to refer patients to a psychiatrist for further evaluation and treatment.
OBJETIVO: Determinar la evaluación del síntoma psiquiátrico de pacientes que buscan tratamiento para el síndrome del intestino irritable (IBS), y demostrar la presencia de trastornos psiquiátricos más complicados. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Los participantes reclutados fueron pacientes que asistían a clínicas de medicina interna y gastroenterología, y satisfacían los criterios de Roma III para el IBS Cincuenta pacientes con IBS (grupo IBS) y 50 pacientes aquejados de otras dolencias no gastrointestinales (grupo control) fueron seleccionados al azar. Todos los participantes pasaron por el tamiz de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para DSM-IV (SCID-I), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI), y el Listado de Síntomas-90 (Revisado) [SCL-90-R]. RESULTADOS: Diecisiete pacientes (34%) y tres sujetos de control (6%) tenían al menos un diagnóstico psiquiátrico (p = 0.001). Las puntuaciones totales del índice de severidad global (GSI) y los ítems del SCL-90-R fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de IBS que en el grupo control (0.92 ± 0.46 frente a 0.358 ± 0.19, p < 0.001). Las puntuaciones del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck y BDI fueron más altas en el grupo IBS que el grupo control (p < 0.001). Los trastornos psiquiátricos del eje I diagnosticados con SCID-I fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo IBS (34% vs. 6%) [p = 0.001]. Entre los desórdenes del Eje I, los trastornos somatoformos y los trastornos de ansiedad fueron más altos en el grupo de pacientes que en los sujetos del control (p = 0.002) y (p = 0.0057), en tanto que no hubo ninguna diferencia en cuanto a los trastornos de estados de ánimo (p = 0.204). Siete (14%) de los pacientes y dos (4%) de los sujetos del control tuvieron por lo menos un trastorno psiquiátrico del eje II diagnosticados con el SCID-II sin ninguna significación (p = 0.159). CONCLUSIÓN: Estos hallazgos sugieren que salvo el caso de los trastornos de estados de ánimo y personalidad, casi todos los síntomas psiquiátricos y comorbilidades con el IBS son más altos que en la muestra sin IBS. Se puede usar con facilidad el SCL-90-R, el BAI y el BDI en las clínicas de medicina interna y gastroenterología para detectar los niveles de síntomas psiquiátricos, y remitir entonces a los pacientes a un psiquiatra para ulterior evaluación y tratamiento.