RESUMO

Little is known about the successional dynamics of insects in the highly threatened tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystem. For the first time, we studied the response of carabid beetles to vegetal succession and seasonality in this ecosystem in Colombia. Carabid beetles were collected from three TDF habitat types in two regions in Colombia: initial successional state (pasture), early succession, and intermediate succession (forest). The surveys were performed monthly for 13 months in one of the regions (Armero) and during two months, one in the dry and one in the wet season, in the other region (Cambao). A set of environmental variables were recorded per month at each site. Twenty-four carabid beetle species were collected during the study. Calosoma alternans and Megacephala affinis were the most abundant species, while most species were of low abundance. Forest and pasture beetle assemblages were distinct, while the early succession assemblage overlapped with these assemblages. Canopy cover, litter depth, and soil and air temperatures were important in structuring the assemblages. Even though seasonality did not affect the carabid beetle assemblage, individual species responded positively to the wet season. It is shown that early successional areas in TDF could potentially act as habitat corridors for species to recolonize forest areas, since these successional areas host a number of species that inhabit forests and pastures. Climatic variation, like the El Niño episode during this study, appears to affect the carabid beetle assemblage negatively, exasperating concerns of this already threatened tropical ecosystem.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Chickens tolerate a very narrow range of climatic variation, and therefore, it is essential to determine the most suitable climatic area and weather for broiler production in open-house systems. In this study, 3060 broilers were used as experimental birds to investigate the effects of seasonal differences and climatic variations on the growth performance of broilers reared in an open-house system. Birds were kept under various treatment models that differ in climate Tropic zone, sub tropic zone and temperate zones. Data were recorded during July-August as summer months and January-February as winter months. Collected data was analyzed using the least square procedure given by Harvey-1990. Significantly higher (p 0.05) level of corticosteroids and H/L ratio of between the experimental birds was observed and consequent effect on feed intake was determined. The body weight and FCR at 42 day was significantly (p0.05) higher during winter season in subtropical zone. Subtropical climatic zone was found significantly better than other climatic zone. Efficient management of broiler farming that corresponds for effective feed intake during heat/cold stress to maximize birds efficiency can significantly increase production efficiency and acquiesce highest profit to broiler farming.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Chickens tolerate a very narrow range of climatic variation, and therefore, it is essential to determine the most suitable climatic area and weather for broiler production in open-house systems. In this study, 3060 broilers were used as experimental birds to investigate the effects of seasonal differences and climatic variations on the growth performance of broilers reared in an open-house system. Birds were kept under various treatment models that differ in climate Tropic zone, sub tropic zone and temperate zones. Data were recorded during July-August as summer months and January-February as winter months. Collected data was analyzed using the least square procedure given by Harvey-1990. Significantly higher (p 0.05) level of corticosteroids and H/L ratio of between the experimental birds was observed and consequent effect on feed intake was determined. The body weight and FCR at 42 day was significantly (p0.05) higher during winter season in subtropical zone. Subtropical climatic zone was found significantly better than other climatic zone. Efficient management of broiler farming that corresponds for effective feed intake during heat/cold stress to maximize birds efficiency can significantly increase production efficiency and acquiesce highest profit to broiler farming.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to assess the acaricide resistance of tick populations in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), which has not previously been reported. Fifty-four cattle farms were visited and specimens of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were collected and subjected to the adult immersion test, using nine commercial acaricides in the amidine, pyrethroid and organophosphate groups. Climatic data, including monthly precipitation, were recorded. The results from the present study demonstrated that seven of the acaricides analyzed presented mean efficacy values of less than 95%, with large differences among the products tested. Nine of them exhibited satisfactory and unsatisfactory acaricide results on at least one farm. In conclusion, the farms located in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, exhibited populations of R. (Boophilus) microplus with variable degrees of susceptibility to different acaricides, thus suggesting that resistance to the active compounds exists. It is suggested that treatment protocols should be implemented at the beginning of winter and summer, using the acaricides that showed efficacy in the adult immersion test.

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de aferir a situação da resistência dos produtos acaricidas utilizados no controle de carrapatos de bovinos, na mesorregião centro-ocidental rio-grandense. Para isso, cinquenta e quatro propriedades foram visitadas, e as teleóginas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus foram coletadas e submetidas ao teste de eficácia acaricida in vitro, sendo utilizados nove produtos comerciais, pertencentes às classes químicas das amidinas, piretroides e organofosforados. Além disso, os dados das temperaturas máximas e mínimas médias e da precipitação acumulada foram compilados no período estudado. Os resultados demonstraram que sete produtos analisados apresentaram eficácia inferior a 95%, com grande disparidade dos resultados. Nove produtos testados apresentaram satisfatória e não satisfatória eficácia em pelo menos uma propriedade analisada. Neste contexto, concluiu-se que as propriedades da mesorregião centro-ocidental rio-grandense apresentam cepas de R. (B.) microplus com graus variáveis de susceptibilidade a diferentes acaricidas, sugerindo, assim, que a resistência aos princípios ativos existe. Sugere-se a adoção de protocolos de tratamento acaricida no início do inverno e do verão, com a escolha do produto a ser utilizado baseado nos resultados do teste de eficácia acaricida.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to assess the acaricide resistance of tick populations in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), which has not previously been reported. Fifty-four cattle farms were visited and specimens of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were collected and subjected to the adult immersion test, using nine commercial acaricides in the amidine, pyrethroid and organophosphate groups. Climatic data, including monthly precipitation, were recorded. The results from the present study demonstrated that seven of the acaricides analyzed presented mean efficacy values of less than 95%, with large differences among the products tested. Nine of them exhibited satisfactory and unsatisfactory acaricide results on at least one farm. In conclusion, the farms located in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, exhibited populations of R. (Boophilus) microplus with variable degrees of susceptibility to different acaricides, thus suggesting that resistance to the active compounds exists. It is suggested that treatment protocols should be implemented at the beginning of winter and summer, using the acaricides that showed efficacy in the adult immersion test.

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de aferir a situação da resistência dos produtos acaricidas utilizados no controle de carrapatos de bovinos, na mesorregião centro-ocidental rio-grandense. Para isso, cinquenta e quatro propriedades foram visitadas, e as teleóginas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus foram coletadas e submetidas ao teste de eficácia acaricida in vitro, sendo utilizados nove produtos comerciais, pertencentes às classes químicas das amidinas, piretroides e organofosforados. Além disso, os dados das temperaturas máximas e mínimas médias e da precipitação acumulada foram compilados no período estudado. Os resultados demonstraram que sete produtos analisados apresentaram eficácia inferior a 95%, com grande disparidade dos resultados. Nove produtos testados apresentaram satisfatória e não satisfatória eficácia em pelo menos uma propriedade analisada. Neste contexto, concluiu-se que as propriedades da mesorregião centro-ocidental rio-grandense apresentam cepas de R. (B.) microplus com graus variáveis de susceptibilidade a diferentes acaricidas, sugerindo, assim, que a resistência aos princípios ativos existe. Sugere-se a adoção de protocolos de tratamento acaricida no início do inverno e do verão, com a escolha do produto a ser utilizado baseado nos resultados do teste de eficácia acaricida.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Nas últimas décadas, têm sido recorrente na literatura científica nacional e internacional, a constatação da contaminação de ambientes públicos abertos à comunidade por parasitas com potencial zoonótico e propagadores de infecções humanas. Os geohelmintos são parasitas que podem infectar o homem, entretanto, para que ocorra o embrionamento e, assim tornem-se infectantes requerem obrigatoriamente um período no solo com condições adequadas, principalmente, de temperatura e umidade. Objetivos Avaliar a contaminação do solo por geohelmintos em localidades públicas da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo e a influência da variação sazonal sobre a contaminação. Métodos Dez praças públicas com parque infantil e freqüentadas por pessoas e animais foram sorteadas. Por um período de 12 meses, foram coletadas aproximadamente 250 gramas de amostras de solo de cinco pontos diferentes de cada praça, através da técnica de quarteamento da ABNT foram obtidas 10 gramas de cada amostra, que foram processadas de acordo com a técnica de flotação em solução saturada de cloreto de sódio, para qualificação e quantificação dos parasitos. Utilizou-se o teste de Mann Whitney para comparação de quantidade de ovos e o de regressão linear simples para avaliar a correlação entre as variáveis climáticas. Resultados De um total de 1800 amostras analisadas, foi observado que 49,7 por cento estavam positivas. Dentre os parasitas encontrados notou-se a presença de ovos de Toxocara spp. (44,2 por cento), Ascaris spp. (33,9 por cento), Ancilostomídeos (3,8 por cento), Enterobius spp. (0,6 por cento), Hymenolepis spp (0,4 por cento), Capillaria spp. (0,2 por cento) e Trichuris spp. (0,1 por cento); larvas de nematódeos (16,1 por cento); cistos de Balantidium coli (0,5 por cento) e de Entamoeba coli (0,2 por cento). O conjunto de variáveis climáticas de precipitação, vento e temperatura apresentaram forte influência na recuperação de ovos de parasitas (p=0,02). Conclusões A presença de estruturas...

In recent decades, have been recurrent in the national and international scientific literature, the finding of contamination of public places open to the community by parasites with zoonotic potential and spreaders of human infections. The geohelminths are parasites that can infect humans, however, to allow for the embryo and thus become infective require a mandatory period in the soil with appropriate conditions, mainly, temperature and humidity. Objectives - To evaluate the soil contamination by geohelminths in public places in the eastern city of Sao Paulo and the influence of seasonal variation on the contamination. Materials and Methods - Ten public parks with playground and frequented by people and animals were randomly selected. For a period of 12 months, were collected approximately 250 grams of soil samples from five different points of each square, using the technique of quartering ABNT were obtained 10 grams of each sample, were processed according to the technique of flotation saturated solution of sodium chloride, for qualification and quantification of parasites. We used the Mann Whitney test to compare the amount of eggs and simple linear regression to assess the correlation between climatic variables. Results - A total of 1800 samples, we observed that 49.7 per cent were positive. Among the parasites found it was noticed the presence of Toxocara spp. (44.2 per cent), Ascaris spp. (33.9 per cent), Hookworms (3.8 per cent), Enterobius spp. (0.6 per cent)...

Assuntos