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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess differences in clinical and surgical outcomes associated with the surgical treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures of different complexities based on fragment number. Additionally, the investigation seeks to present the outcomes of a series of patients who underwent surgery at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of patients aged over 18 who underwent midshaft clavicle fracture surgery at our center from November 2009 to May 2021. Patients were categorized based on the number of fracture fragments into groups of two, three, or more than three fragments. Consolidation, implant removal, complications, surgical duration, and functional outcomes (assessed through VAS, ASES, and Constant-Murley scale) were evaluated for each specific group and for the overall cohort. RESULTS: In total, 260 patients were analyzed. There were no significant differences in any of the parameters between the three groups except for surgical time, which was shorter in simple fractures than in those with more than three fragments (68.2 min vs. 75.3 min; p = 0.01). Pseudoarthrosis rate was 2.69%, implant removal rate was 9.61%, and 4.23% of patients presented with complications other than the previous ones. Functional results were excellent, with averages of 97.3 (72.7-100) for the ASES score, 97.5 (75-100) for the Constant score, and 0.6 (0-8) on the VAS. CONCLUSION: According to our results, there were no differences in postoperative results between simple and multifragmentary midshaft clavicle fractures. Patients across all groups reported satisfactory results.

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INTRODUCTION: the use of coracoclavicular augmentation systems together with locking plates in the treatment of unstable distal clavicle fractures (Neer II and Neer V) is controversial. MATERIAL AND METHODS: patients with unstable distal clavicle fractures treated between 2013-2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: patients treated with locking plates (P group) and patients treated with locking plates and coracoclavicular augmentation systems (PCC group). Postoperative complications, modified preoperative and final coracoclavicular distance (CC), and outcomes on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) were recorded. RESULTS: 16 of 23 patients were treated with plates only, and 7 of 23 were treated with plates and coracoclavicular augmentation systems. One case showed no fracture consolidation, and there was one case of cutaneous infection. The mean final CC distance was 23.7 in the P group and 22.1 in the PCC group. The mean VAS score was 1.3 in both the P and PCC groups, while the mean Quick DASH score was 5.5 in the P group and 8.1 in the PCC group. No significant differences were found in CC distance, VAS or Quick DASH scores. CONCLUSION: the use of locking plates is likely sufficient in the management of unstable distal clavicle fractures, as there were no significant differences in functional outcomes in this study when coracoclavicular augmentation systems were used together with locking plates.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el uso de sistemas de aumentación coracoclaviculares en combinación con placas bloqueadas en el tratamiento de las fracturas de clavícula distal inestables es controvertido. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se han revisado retrospectivamente los pacientes con fracturas distales de clavícula inestables tratados entre 2013-2022 en Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Se dividieron a los pacientes en dos grupos: pacientes tratados con placas bloqueadas (grupo P) y pacientes tratados con placas bloqueadas y sistemas de aumentación coracoclaviculares (grupo PCC). Se registraron las complicaciones postoperatorias, distancia CC (coracoclavicular) modificada preoperatoria y final, así como los resultados en la escala visual analógica (EVA) y en el Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH). RESULTADOS: de un total de 23 pacientes, 16 se trataron sólo con placas y siete con placas y sistemas de aumentación coracoclaviculares. Se observó ausencia de consolidación en un caso e infección cutánea en otro. La distancia CC final media fue de 23.7 mm en el grupo P y de 22.1 mm en el grupo PCC. La media de la EVA fue de 1.3 en ambos grupos, mientras que el Quick DASH tuvo media de 5.5 en el grupo P y de 8.1 en el grupo PCC. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la distancia CC, en la EVA ni en el Quick DASH. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados sugieren que el uso de placas bloqueadas es probablemente suficiente en el manejo de las fracturas de clavícula distales inestables, sin observar diferencias significativas en los resultados funcionales al agregar sistemas de aumentación coracoclavicular.

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Introducción: Las fracturas de clavículas son lesiones bastante frecuentes que producen pérdida de la continuidad ósea. La fractura del tercio externo de la clavícula tipo 2B (según clasificación de Robinson), tiene criterio quirúrgico o tratamiento conservador, en el siguiente caso se consideró esta última posibilidad. Objetivo: Describir la evolución clínica de paciente que presentó fractura de clavícula con criterio quirúrgico, y que mediante acciones fisioterapéuticas oportunas logró una rápida y total recuperación. Presentación del caso: Paciente del sexo femenino con fractura del tercio externo de la clavícula de confirmación clínica radiográfica e intento fallido de reducción con alambre de Kishner y criterio quirúrgico el cual no se efectuó. Recibe tratamiento fisioterapéutico en el servicio de Rehabilitación Integral del Policlínico Docente Dr. Tomás Romay de Artemisa. Conclusiones: La paciente con fractura de clavícula Tipo 2B, según la clasificación de Robinson descrita, logró excelentes resultados funcionales. Tan solo en 8 semanas de tratamiento fisioterapéutico adecuado presentó una recuperación total de su sintomatología y la reincorporación sin limitaciones a su actividad social, por lo que se apoya el tratamiento conservador en este tipo de lesión(AU)

Introduction: Clavicle fractures are fairly common injuries that cause loss of bone continuity. The fracture of the external third of the clavicle type 2B, according to Robinson's classification, has surgical criteria or conservative treatment; in the following case the latter possibility was considered. Objective: To describe the clinical evolution of a patient who had clavicle fracture with surgical criteria, and who, through timely physiotherapeutic actions, achieved rapid and complete recovery. Case report: A case of a female patient with fracture of the external third of the clavicle is reported here. The clinical confirmation was achieved by radiographic studies. The attempt to reduction with Kishner wire failed. In addition, surgery was not carried out. She received physiotherapy treatment in the Comprehensive Rehabilitation service at Dr. Tomás Romay Teaching Polyclinic in Artemisa. Conclusions: The patient with type 2B clavicle fracture, according to the described Robinson classification, achieved excellent functional results. Only in 8 weeks of adequate physiotherapeutic treatment she had complete recovery of her symptoms and the reincorporation without limitations to her social activity, hence conservative treatment is supported in this type of injury(AU)

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Many surgical techniques have been used to address unstable distal third clavicle fractures. Complications and the need for hardware removal are still a concern. We propose a surgical technical using high-strength sutures to restore vertical and horizontal stability in Neer type II and Neer type V distal-third clavicle fractures. It has been used in three cases; two type V and one type II. In all cases, bone healing was achieved uneventfully and all patients resumed their pre-injury activities including sports at sixmonths postoperatively. The coraco-clavicular loop and tension band suture technique is a simple procedure that allows vertical and horizontal stabilization of the fracture. It achieves good clinical results and it may be a costeffective alternative to other techniques although a longer series and longterm followup is required to adequately assess the results.

Se han descrito diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de las fracturas inestables del tercio distal de la clavícula. Las complicaciones asociadas y la necesidad de retirar los implantes siguen siendo motivo de preocupación. Proponemos una técnica quirúrgica que utiliza suturas de alta resistencia para restaurar la estabilidad vertical y horizontal en las fracturas del tercio distal de la clavícula de tipo II y V de la clasificación de Neer. Esta técnica se ha utilizado en tres casos; dos de tipo V y uno de tipo II. En todos se obtuvo la consolidación ósea y todos reanudaron sus actividades previas a la lesión, incluyendo actividad deportiva, a los seis meses de la cirugía. La técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular y banda de tensión con sutura es un procedimiento sencillo que permite la estabilización vertical y horizontal de la fractura. Permite obtener buenos resultados clínicos y puede ser una alternativa coste-efectiva eficaz en el tratamiento de estas lesiones aunque se requiere una serie más larga y un seguimiento a largo plazo para evaluar adecuadamente los resultados.

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Resumen: El tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas desplazadas del tercio medio de clavícula ha ganado popularidad durante la última década, ya que permite acortar el período de recuperación, acelerando la reincorporación laboral y deportiva, al mismo tiempo que disminuye significativamente el riesgo de no unión. Sin embargo, las molestias relacionadas con el abordaje cutáneo como dolor e irritación a nivel de la cicatriz, las alteraciones sensitivas persistentes (hipoestesia, hiperestesia o disestesias) y la inconformidad cosmética continúan siendo motivo de preocupación por parte de los pacientes, alterando su percepción subjetiva del resultado quirúrgico obtenido. En tiempos recientes la técnica mínimamente invasiva se ha descrito para el manejo de este tipo de fracturas, demostrando reducir las posibles complicaciones de la técnica tradicional abierta mientras que mantiene sus principales beneficios, optimizando además la capacidad biológica reparativa de la clavícula, ya que respeta la vascularización del foco de fractura. El objetivo de este artículo es describir paso a paso la técnica quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva para el manejo de fracturas desplazadas del tercio medio de clavícula, reportando además los resultados clínicos obtenidos en una serie de casos intervenidos con esta técnica.

Abstract: Surgical management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures has gained popularity in the last decade due to reductions in functional recovery times and lower rates of nonunion. However, several complications related to the open approach have been described and remain concerning for patients. These potential sequelae include scar pain, local irritation, peri-incisional numbness, and cosmetic deformity, all of which may contribute to unsatisfactory subjective outcomes. Recently, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique has been described for the treatment of these fractures. This approach presents the opportunity to reduce shortcomings of the traditional open approach while maintaining its benefits, respecting the biological healing environment and preserving blood supply to the fracture site. The purpose of this study is to provide a step-by-step description of the MIPO surgical technique for management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures and report the clinical outcomes of a case series using this technique.

RESUMO

Resumen: Se han descrito diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de las fracturas inestables del tercio distal de la clavícula. Las complicaciones asociadas y la necesidad de retirar los implantes siguen siendo motivo de preocupación. Proponemos una técnica quirúrgica que utiliza suturas de alta resistencia para restaurar la estabilidad vertical y horizontal en las fracturas del tercio distal de la clavícula de tipo II y V de la clasificación de Neer. Esta técnica se ha utilizado en tres casos; dos de tipo V y uno de tipo II. En todos se obtuvo la consolidación ósea y todos reanudaron sus actividades previas a la lesión, incluyendo actividad deportiva, a los seis meses de la cirugía. La técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular y banda de tensión con sutura es un procedimiento sencillo que permite la estabilización vertical y horizontal de la fractura. Permite obtener buenos resultados clínicos y puede ser una alternativa coste-efectiva eficaz en el tratamiento de estas lesiones aunque se requiere una serie más larga y un seguimiento a largo plazo para evaluar adecuadamente los resultados.

Abstract: Many surgical techniques have been used to address unstable distal third clavicle fractures. Complications and the need for hardware removal are still a concern. We propose a surgical technical using high-strength sutures to restore vertical and horizontal stability in Neer type II and Neer type V distal-third clavicle fractures. It has been used in three cases; two type V and one type II. In all cases, bone healing was achieved uneventfully and all patients resumed their pre-injury activities including sports at six-months postoperatively. The coraco-clavicular loop and tension band suture technique is a simple procedure that allows vertical and horizontal stabilization of the fracture. It achieves good clinical results and it may be a cost-effective alternative to other techniques although a longer series and long-term follow-up is required to adequately assess the results.

RESUMO

Surgical management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures has gained popularity in the last decade due to reductions in functional recovery times and lower rates of nonunion. However, several complications related to the open approach have been described and remain concerning for patients. These potential sequelae include scar pain, local irritation, peri-incisional numbness, and cosmetic deformity, all of which may contribute to unsatisfactory subjective outcomes. Recently, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique has been described for the treatment of these fractures. This approach presents the opportunity to reduce shortcomings of the traditional open approach while maintaining its benefits, respecting the biological healing environment and preserving blood supply to the fracture site. The purpose of this study is to provide a step-by-step description of the MIPO surgical technique for management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures and report the clinical outcomes of a case series using this technique.

El tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas desplazadas del tercio medio de clavícula ha ganado popularidad durante la última década, ya que permite acortar el período de recuperación, acelerando la reincorporación laboral y deportiva, al mismo tiempo que disminuye significativamente el riesgo de no unión. Sin embargo, las molestias relacionadas con el abordaje cutáneo como dolor e irritación a nivel de la cicatriz, las alteraciones sensitivas persistentes (hipoestesia, hiperestesia o disestesias) y la inconformidad cosmética continúan siendo motivo de preocupación por parte de los pacientes, alterando su percepción subjetiva del resultado quirúrgico obtenido. En tiempos recientes la técnica mínimamente invasiva se ha descrito para el manejo de este tipo de fracturas, demostrando reducir las posibles complicaciones de la técnica tradicional abierta mientras que mantiene sus principales beneficios, optimizando además la capacidad biológica reparativa de la clavícula, ya que respeta la vascularización del foco de fractura. El objetivo de este artículo es describir paso a paso la técnica quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva para el manejo de fracturas desplazadas del tercio medio de clavícula, reportando además los resultados clínicos obtenidos en una serie de casos intervenidos con esta técnica.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the late clinical and radiological results of patients had locking plate anatomically compatible from superior surface and muscle cover on plate due to clavicle mid-region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients were included retrospectively. Patients had a routine right shoulder anterior posterior graph after examination. The results were assessed by returning to the patient's daily activities, Constant score, the Disability of the Arm, and Shoulder and Hand scoring, followed by radiological and clinical examination. RESULTS: Fourteen (35%) patients were female and 26 (65%) were male. The mean age was 36.2 years. Twenty-six patients had right clavicle fracture and 14 patients had left. Twenty-three fractures were type 2B1 and 17 fractures were type 2B2. Mean follow-up time was 36.4 months. Radiologic union was at a mean of 9.1 ± 1.3 weeks. All patients had excellent results. The mean Constant score was 97.2 ± 1.8, the mean Disability of the Arm, and Shoulder and Hand score was 3.8 ± 2.4. CONCLUSION: It is possible to obtain complete union with high patient satisfaction by avoiding the complications and difficulties of the conservative treatment with the use of the anatomically compatible locking plates in superior fixation and our surgical dissection. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Case controlled study.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos tardios dos pacientes com placa óssea de trava anatomicamente compatível com a superfície superior e a cobertura muscular na placa devido à região média da clavícula. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Quarenta pacientes foram incluídos retrospectivamente. Os pacientes apresentaram um gráfico ântero-posterior de rotina do ombro direito após o exame. Os resultados foram avaliados retornando às atividades diárias do paciente, escore de Constant, incapacidade do braço e escores de ombro e mão, seguidos de exame clínico e radiológico. RESULTADOS: Quatorze (35%) pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 26 (65%) do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 36,2 anos. Vinte e seis pacientes tiveram fratura da clavícula direita e 14 pacientes saíram. Vinte e três fraturas foram do tipo 2B1 e 17 fraturas do tipo 2B2. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 36,4 meses. A união radiológica foi em média de 9,1 ± 1,3 semanas. Todos os pacientes tiveram excelentes resultados. A pontuação média constante foi de 97,2 ± 1,8, a média de incapacidade do braço e a pontuação do ombro e da mão foi de 3,8 ± 2,4. CONCLUSÃO: É possível obter união completa com alta satisfação do paciente, evitando as complicações e dificuldades do tratamento conservador com o uso das placas ósseas de trava anatomicamente compatíveis na fixação superior e na nossa dissecção cirúrgica. Nível de evidência III, Estudo retrospectivo controlado por caso.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the late clinical and radiological results of patients had locking plate anatomically compatible from superior surface and muscle cover on plate due to clavicle mid-region. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were included retrospectively. Patients had a routine right shoulder anterior posterior graph after examination. The results were assessed by returning to the patient's daily activities, Constant score, the Disability of the Arm, and Shoulder and Hand scoring, followed by radiological and clinical examination. Results: Fourteen (35%) patients were female and 26 (65%) were male. The mean age was 36.2 years. Twenty-six patients had right clavicle fracture and 14 patients had left. Twenty-three fractures were type 2B1 and 17 fractures were type 2B2. Mean follow-up time was 36.4 months. Radiologic union was at a mean of 9.1 ± 1.3 weeks. All patients had excellent results. The mean Constant score was 97.2 ± 1.8, the mean Disability of the Arm, and Shoulder and Hand score was 3.8 ± 2.4. Conclusion: It is possible to obtain complete union with high patient satisfaction by avoiding the complications and difficulties of the conservative treatment with the use of the anatomically compatible locking plates in superior fixation and our surgical dissection. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Case controlled study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos tardios dos pacientes com placa óssea de trava anatomicamente compatível com a superfície superior e a cobertura muscular na placa devido à região média da clavícula. Materiais e Métodos: Quarenta pacientes foram incluídos retrospectivamente. Os pacientes apresentaram um gráfico ântero-posterior de rotina do ombro direito após o exame. Os resultados foram avaliados retornando às atividades diárias do paciente, escore de Constant, incapacidade do braço e escores de ombro e mão, seguidos de exame clínico e radiológico. Resultados: Quatorze (35%) pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 26 (65%) do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 36,2 anos. Vinte e seis pacientes tiveram fratura da clavícula direita e 14 pacientes saíram. Vinte e três fraturas foram do tipo 2B1 e 17 fraturas do tipo 2B2. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 36,4 meses. A união radiológica foi em média de 9,1 ± 1,3 semanas. Todos os pacientes tiveram excelentes resultados. A pontuação média constante foi de 97,2 ± 1,8, a média de incapacidade do braço e a pontuação do ombro e da mão foi de 3,8 ± 2,4. Conclusão: É possível obter união completa com alta satisfação do paciente, evitando as complicações e dificuldades do tratamento conservador com o uso das placas ósseas de trava anatomicamente compatíveis na fixação superior e na nossa dissecção cirúrgica. Nível de evidência III, Estudo retrospectivo controlado por caso.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: la lesión de los vasos subclavios durante la cirugía de clavícula es una situación rara, de suceder podría resultar incluso mortal; conocer su ubicación es indispensable para minimizar ese riesgo.OBJETIVO: determinar la ubicación y la distancia de la AS y VS respecto a la clavícula. Secundariamente, identificar las características particulares que influencien la ubicación y la distancia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo, AngioTAC de tórax y cuello entre 2012 y 2017; se midió la longitud de la clavícula, distancia y dirección de los vasos subclavios en cada tercio de la clavícula, como también la angulación entre una horizontal y el centro de los vasos subclavios. Resultados: 39 AngioTC, 78 hombros. Distancia AS/clavícula tercio proximal, medio y distal 32,8mm (20,3-46,3), 15,4mm (6,8-28,0) y 62,7mm (37,0-115,4) respectivamente. La distancia VS/clavícula tercio proximal, medio y distal fue: 7,4mm (1,0-19,2), 16,2mm (6,7-34,7) y 67,1mm (29,7-117,0) respectivamente. La ubicación de AS y VS con respecto a la clavícula es posterosuperior en el tercio proximal, posteroinferior en el tercio medio e inferior en el tercio distal. CONCLUSIÓN: En el tercio proximal la vena puede estar solo a 1mm de la clavícula y la arteria a 6mm en dirección antero-posterior, resultando esa zona la más peligrosa. En el tercio medio la distancia es mayor, pudiendo estar arteria y vena a solo 6mm, la dirección de brocado más peligrosa es antero-inferior con una inclinación promedio de 45° caudal. El tercio distal es el más seguro, los vasos están al menos a 30mm de distancia hacia caudal. Nivel de evidencia III.

BACKGROUND: injury to the subclavian vessels during clavicle surgery is a rare situation, if it happens it could even be fatal; knowing their location is essential to minimize that risk. OBJECTIVE: determine location and distance of the AS and VS with respect to the clavicle. Secondarily identify particular characteristics that influence location and distance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective study, AngioTAC of thorax and neck between 2012 and 2017; it was measured the length of the clavicle, distance and direction of the subclavian vessels in each third of the clavicle and angulation between a horizontal and the center of the subclavian vessels were measured. Results: 39 AngioTC, 78 shoulders. AS / clavicle third proximal, middle and distal distance 32.8mm (20.3-46.3), 15.4mm (6.8-28.0) and 62.7mm (37.0-115.4) respectively. Distance VS / clavicle third proximal, middle and distal was: 7.4mm (1.0-19.2), 16.2mm (6.7-34.7) and 67.1mm (29.7-117.0) respectively. The location of AS and VS with respect to the clavicle is posterosuperior in the proximal third, posteroinferior in the middle third and inferior in the distal third. CONCLUSION: In the proximal third the vein can be only 1mm from the clavicle and the artery to 6mm in the anterior-posterior direction, this zone is the most dangerous. In the middle third the distance is greater, artery and vein can be only to 6mm, the most dangerous drilling direction is antero-inferior with an average inclination of 45° caudal. The distal third is the safest, the vessels are at least 30mm away from the vessels. Level of evidence III.

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PURPOSE: Shoulder dystocia is the strongest known risk factor for brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP). Fractures of the clavicle are known to occur in the setting of shoulder dystocia. It remains unknown whether a clavicle fracture that occurs during a birth delivery with shoulder dystocia increases the risk of BPBP or, alternatively, is protective. The purpose of this study was to use a large, national database to determine whether a clavicle fracture in the setting of shoulder dystocia is associated with an increased or decreased risk of BPBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 1997 to 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) was analyzed for this study. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes were used to identify newborns diagnosed with shoulder dystocia and BPBP as well as a concurrent fracture of the clavicle. Newborns with shoulder dystocia were stratified into 2 groups: dystocia without a clavicle fracture and dystocia with a clavicle fracture. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the risk for BPBP among shoulder dystocia subgroups. RESULTS: The dataset included 5,564,628 sample births extrapolated to 23,385,597 population births over the 16-year study period. A BPBP occurred at a rate of 1.2 per 1,000 births. Shoulder dystocia complicated 18.8% of births with a BPBP. A total of 7.84% of newborns with a BPBP also sustained a clavicle fracture. Births with shoulder dystocia and a clavicle fracture incurred BPBP at a rate similar to that for newborns with shoulder dystocia and no fracture (9.82% vs 11.77%). Shoulder dystocia without a concurrent clavicle fracture was an independent risk factor for BPBP (odds ratio, 112.1; 95% confidence interval, 103.5-121.4). Those with shoulder dystocia and clavicle fracture had a risk for BPBP comparable with those with shoulder dystocia but no fracture (odds ratio, 126.7 vs 112.1). CONCLUSIONS: This population-level investigation suggests that, among newborns with shoulder dystocia, clavicle fracture is not associated with a significant change in the risk of BPBP. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic II.

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BACKGROUND: Fractures of the lateral third of the clavicle represent 18% of all clavicle fractures. Even though non-displaced fractures can be managed conservatively, displaced fractures have a non-union percentage of 30%. Multiple approaches have been proposed to manage the displaced fractures. The objective of this study was to record the prevalence of fractures of the lateral third of the clavicle with involvement of the clavicular-acromial joint, as well as to briefly review the treatment performed in our center and compare it with the current literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study, which consisted in a review of the records of patients with a diagnosis of fracture of the lateral third of the clavicle with an injury to the clavicular-acromial joint. RESULTS: Lateral third fractures accounted for 24% of all clavicle fractures. Distribution by sex: 10: 2, men: women. Left shoulder predominance, 8:4. The predominant maneuvers were anatomical plate for the lateral third of the clavicle (50% of the cases), coracoclavicular cerclage technique plus resection of the lateral third of the clavicle (25%), plate hook (8.3%), Mumford combined with Waever/Dunn (8.3%), anchor plus Kirschner rods (8.3%). DISCUSSION: The choice of the appropriate treatment will depend on the type of fracture and specific characteristics of each patient. We suggest the use of the coracoclavicular cerclage technique in cases in which the lateral fragment is multifragmented, irreducible or smaller in size than its osteosynthesis would allow, performing plasty of clavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments.

ANTECEDENTES: Las fracturas del tercio lateral de la clavícula representan 18% de todas las fracturas de clavícula. A pesar de que las fracturas no desplazadas pueden manejarse conservadoramente, las desplazadas tienen un porcentaje de no unión de 30%. Múltiples manejos han sido propuestos para las fracturas desplazadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue registrar la prevalencia de fracturas del tercio lateral de la clavícula con afectación de la articulación acromioclavicular, así como hacer una revisión breve del tratamiento realizado en nuestro centro y compararlo con la literatura actual. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional, que consistió en una revisión de los expedientes de los pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura del tercio lateral de la clavícula con lesión de la articulación acromioclavicular. RESULTADOS: Las fracturas del tercio lateral representaron 24% de todas las fracturas de clavícula. Distribución por sexos: 10:2, hombres:mujeres. Predominio: hombro izquierdo, 8:4. Los manejos predominantes fueron placa anatómica para tercio lateral de la clavícula (50% de los casos), técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular más resección del tercio lateral de la clavícula (25%), placa gancho (8.3%), Mumford combinado con Waever/Dunn (8.3%), ancla más varillas Kirschner (8.3%). DISCUSIÓN: La elección del tratamiento adecuado dependerá del tipo de fractura y las características específicas de cada paciente. Sugerimos el uso de la técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular en los casos en que el fragmento lateral sea multifragmentado, irreductible o de tamaño menor al que permitiría su osteosíntesis, realizando plastía de ligamentos acromioclaviculares y coracoclaviculares.

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Resumen: Antecedentes: Las fracturas del tercio lateral de la clavícula representan 18% de todas las fracturas de clavícula. A pesar de que las fracturas no desplazadas pueden manejarse conservadoramente, las desplazadas tienen un porcentaje de no unión de 30%. Múltiples manejos han sido propuestos para las fracturas desplazadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue registrar la prevalencia de fracturas del tercio lateral de la clavícula con afectación de la articulación acromioclavicular, así como hacer una revisión breve del tratamiento realizado en nuestro centro y compararlo con la literatura actual. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional, que consistió en una revisión de los expedientes de los pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura del tercio lateral de la clavícula con lesión de la articulación acromioclavicular. Resultados: Las fracturas del tercio lateral representaron 24% de todas las fracturas de clavícula. Distribución por sexos: 10:2, hombres:mujeres. Predominio: hombro izquierdo, 8:4. Los manejos predominantes fueron placa anatómica para tercio lateral de la clavícula (50% de los casos), técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular más resección del tercio lateral de la clavícula (25%), placa gancho (8.3%), Mumford combinado con Waever/Dunn (8.3%), ancla más varillas Kirschner (8.3%). Discusión: La elección del tratamiento adecuado dependerá del tipo de fractura y las características específicas de cada paciente. Sugerimos el uso de la técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular en los casos en que el fragmento lateral sea multifragmentado, irreductible o de tamaño menor al que permitiría su osteosíntesis, realizando plastía de ligamentos acromioclaviculares y coracoclaviculares.

Abstract: Background: Fractures of the lateral third of the clavicle represent 18% of all clavicle fractures. Even though non-displaced fractures can be managed conservatively, displaced fractures have a non-union percentage of 30%. Multiple approaches have been proposed to manage the displaced fractures. The objective of this study was to record the prevalence of fractures of the lateral third of the clavicle with involvement of the clavicular-acromial joint, as well as to briefly review the treatment performed in our center and compare it with the current literature. Material and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study, which consisted in a review of the records of patients with a diagnosis of fracture of the lateral third of the clavicle with an injury to the clavicular-acromial joint. Results: Lateral third fractures accounted for 24% of all clavicle fractures. Distribution by sex: 10: 2, men: women. Left shoulder predominance, 8:4. The predominant maneuvers were anatomical plate for the lateral third of the clavicle (50% of the cases), coracoclavicular cerclage technique plus resection of the lateral third of the clavicle (25%), plate hook (8.3%), Mumford combined with Waever/Dunn (8.3%), anchor plus Kirschner rods (8.3%). Discussion: The choice of the appropriate treatment will depend on the type of fracture and specific characteristics of each patient. We suggest the use of the coracoclavicular cerclage technique in cases in which the lateral fragment is multifragmented, irreducible or smaller in size than its osteosynthesis would allow, performing plasty of clavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments.

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OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos de dois diferentes métodos de fixação para fraturas do terço médio da clavícula, a saber, placas e hastes intramedulares. MÉTODOS: De maio de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, 22 pacientes com fraturas desviadas do terço médio da clavícula foram randomizados para a fixação com placa (dez pacientes) e fixação com haste (doze pacientes). Entre os principais desfechos analisados estão: o escore funcional de Constant, o escore DASH, a presença de complicações relacionadas aos métodos e as características radiográficas. RESULTADOS: Treze pacientes completaram pelo menos 4 meses de seguimento (seis do grupo placa e sete do grupo haste). O tempo de consolidação radiográfica foi semelhante entre os dois grupos, com média de 12,3 semanas no grupo haste e 12,4 semanas no grupo placa. Também não houve diferença quanto à amplitude de movi- mento do ombro, dor pós-operatória ou presença de pseudartrose. Um paciente do grupo haste apresentou re-fratura após a retirada da síntese aos 3 meses de PO e um pacientes do grupo placa apre- sentou angulação da placa e soltura, sendo necessária re-operação. As avaliações funcionais foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma tendência para que os resultados nos dois grupos clínicos avaliados sejam muito semelhantes quanto ao tempo médio de consolidação, numero de complicações e função do ombro. A ampliação desta casuística deve, no futuro, oferecer resultados mais conclusivos.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiographic results of two different fixation methods, plates and intramedullary nail, for the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures. METHODS: From May 2010 to February 2011, 22 patients with mid clavicle fractures were randomized to plate fixation (ten patients) or TEN fixation (twelve patients). Among the main outcome measures are: the Con- stant score, the DASH score, the presence of complications related to methods and radiographic features. RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed at least 4 months (six of the plate group and seven in the TEN group). The radiographic healing time was similar between the two groups, with an average of 12.3 weeks in TEN group and 12.4 weeks in the plate group. There was also no difference in shoulder range of motion, postop- erative pain or the presence of nonunion. One patient treated with TEN fixation had a refracture after implant removal at 3 months postoperatively and one patient of the plate group had implant deformation and loosening requiring reoperation. Functional scores were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: With the results obtained so far, it appears that the fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures with plate and TEN presents similar results regarding the healing time, the number of complications and shoulder function. This are preliminary results, since larger casuistic and time of follow-up are necessary in order to achieve definitive conclusions.

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