RESUMO
Toranja 'Burarama', Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (Citrus grandis), is a new citrus discovered in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. As several varieties of citrus are known to possess antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive properties, the aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro if this Toranja possess these properties. The antioxidant activity, the potential to induce quinone reductase 1, and the influence on cell viability were measured. ESI(-)FT-ICR MS analysis was also performed and identified flavonoids, coumarins, and fatty acids in the extract. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of the peels presented the highest antioxidant activity in vitro by DPPH (IC50 = 298.3 ± 2.6 µg/ml and 303.8 ± 0.4 µg/ml), ABTS assay (IC50 = 298.2 ± 6.4 µg/ml and 296.4 ± 2.5 µg/ml), and FRAP (IC50 = 234.6 ± 1.8 µg/ml and 398.1 ± 3.8 µg/ml). The ethyl acetate extract of the peel induced quinone reductase 1 activity in Hepa1c1c7 cells, indicating that C. maxima exhibited cancer chemopreventive properties.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Citrus/química , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Brasil , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cumarínicos/química , Cumarínicos/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Graxos/química , Ácidos Graxos/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Frutas/química , Camundongos , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver changes, ranging from hepatic steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The Citrus maxima (CM) has been shown to be beneficial to the organism, and these activities are attributed to the presence of phytochemical compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the n vitro antioxidant potential of the CM leaves extract and on Wistar rats submitted to hepatic steatosis induction by fructose-associated hyperlipid diet (FHD). For the evaluation of in vivo effects, the animals were distributed in G1 (normal diet - ND), G2 (FHD), G3 (NDâ¯+â¯extract 50mg/kg) and G4 (FHDâ¯+â¯extract 50â¯mg/kg). All the parameters were determined through classical methodologies. The extract showed a significant antioxidant potential in vitro. In the in vivo analysis, the diet used was able to induce the development of metabolic abnormalities that favored the formation of hepatic steatosis (G2). Changes in inflammatory markers, increase in markers of oxidative damage, and reduction of antioxidant defenses were also observed. In addition, the extract did not cause changes in the animals' weight gain and acted as an anti-inflammatory, since G4 animals exhibited significantly reduced levels of the inflammatory markers. In the liver, the extract significantly decreased the content of fat, cholesterol and triglycerides compared to G2. The extract also showed antioxidant activity (G4) when compared to G2. The results suggest that the extract of CM leaf showed hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the presence of phenolic compounds is a probable cause for such activities.