RESUMO
Abstract Background and objectives: Bilateral quadratus lumborum block has been described for major abdominal procedures when sepsis is present, because risks associated to epidural are considered elevated. In an open aortic surgery, a single-shot bilateral quadratus lumborum block type 1 may be an alternative to thoracic epidural block for post-operative analgesia in a patient having an increased cumulative risk for thoracic epidural hematoma. Case report: A 56-year-old female patient presenting controlled hypertension, chronic renal disease stage 3b, dyslipidemia and a platelet count of 102,000/µl, and taking aspirin, was scheduled for bilateral aortoiliac endarterectomy. She was submitted to a sole general anesthesia plus, at end of the surgery, a bilateral quadratus lumborum block type 1 for post-operative analgesia with 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.5%, per side, before extubation. Immediately after post anesthesia care unit admission, patient developed moderate hypotension (dopamine infusion was needed during 18 h), concomitantly with a rapid reduction in the pain scores. Low numeric rating scale and opioid consumption were noted, particularly in the first 24 h post-operatively. Conclusions: Quadratus lumborum block was an effective analgesic technique for open aortic surgery in this case, although hypotension associated to bilateral quadratus lumborum block type 1 may occur. Associated sympathetic block probably related to the bilateral paravertebral extension of the block, may contribute for post-operative hypotension associated to reperfusion-ischemia syndrome in a patient that had long-lasting intraoperative aortic cross-clamping. The use of high concentration of local anesthetic to obtain longer duration of action of a single-shot quadratus lumborum block to avoid thoracic epidural or bilateral quadratus lumborum block catheterization should be used judiciously.
Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O bloqueio bilateral do quadrado lombar foi descrito para procedimentos abdominais de grande porte quando há presença de sepse, uma vez que os riscos associados à peridural são considerados altos. Em uma cirurgia aórtica aberta, um único bloqueio bilateral do quadrado lombar tipo 1 (QL tipo 1) pode ser uma opção ao bloqueio peridural torácico para analgesia pós-operatória em paciente com risco cumulativo aumentado de hematoma epidural torácico. Relato de caso: Paciente feminina de 56 anos, portadora de hipertensão arterial controlada, doença renal crônica (estágio 3 b), dislipidemia, plaquetopenia de 102.000/µl e tomava aspirina, estava programada para endarterectomia aortoilíaca bilateral. A paciente foi submetida à anestesia geral e, no fim da cirurgia, a bloqueio do quadrado lombar tipo 1 bilateralmente para analgesia pós-operatória com 20 mL de ropivacaína a 0,5%, para cada lado, antes da extubação. Imediatamente após a internação na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, a paciente evoluiu com hipotensão moderada (necessidade de infusão de dopamina durante 18 horas), concomitante à rápida redução dos escores de dor. Escore numérico para dor baixo e consumo de opioides foram observados, especialmente nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório. Conclusões: O bloqueio do quadrado lombar foi uma técnica analgésica eficaz nesse caso de cirurgia aórtica aberta, embora a hipotensão associada ao bloqueio bilateral do quadrado lombar possa ocorrer. O bloqueio simpático associado, causado pelo bloqueio do QL tipo 1, provavelmente relacionado à extensão paravertebral bilateral do bloqueio, pode contribuir para a hipotensão pós-operatória associada à síndrome de isquemia-reperfusão em paciente submetido a pinçamento aórtico intraoperatório de longa duração. Alta concentração de anestésico local para prolongar a ação de uma injeção única no bloqueio do quadrado lombar, com o objetivo de evitar cateterização de ambas as anestesias peridural e do quadrado lombar bilateral, deve ser usada de modo criterioso.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Analgesia/métodos , Hipotensão/etiologia , Bloqueio Nervoso/efeitos adversos , Músculos Abdominais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bilateral quadratus lumborum block has been described for major abdominal procedures when sepsis is present, because risks associated to epidural are considered elevated. In an open aortic surgery, a single-shot bilateral quadratus lumborum block type 1 may be an alternative to thoracic epidural block for post-operative analgesia in a patient having an increased cumulative risk for thoracic epidural hematoma. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old female patient presenting controlled hypertension, chronic renal disease stage 3b, dyslipidemia and a platelet count of 102,000/µl, and taking aspirin, was scheduled for bilateral aortoiliac endarterectomy. She was submitted to a sole general anesthesia plus, at end of the surgery, a bilateral quadratus lumborum block type 1 for post-operative analgesia with 20mL of ropivacaine 0.5%, per side, before extubation. Immediately after post anesthesia care unit admission, patient developed moderate hypotension (dopamine infusion was needed during 18h), concomitantly with a rapid reduction in the pain scores. Low numeric rating scale and opioid consumption were noted, particularly in the first 24h post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Quadratus lumborum block was an effective analgesic technique for open aortic surgery in this case, although hypotension associated to bilateral quadratus lumborum block type 1 may occur. Associated sympathetic block probably related to the bilateral paravertebral extension of the block, may contribute for post-operative hypotension associated to reperfusion-ischemia syndrome in a patient that had long-lasting intraoperative aortic cross-clamping. The use of high concentration of local anesthetic to obtain longer duration of action of a single-shot quadratus lumborum block to avoid thoracic epidural or bilateral quadratus lumborum block catheterization should be used judiciously.