RESUMO
The demands imposed by today's world require a fast and efficient society, then, significant section of the population looks for support from psychotropic medicine. Modafinil is a psychostimulant that promotes wakefulness, it being recommended for treatment of narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift-work sleep disorder, besides being a cognitive function potentiator. However, chemical components of drugs can alter genetic material. Thus, the present study evaluated the cytotoxic and clastogenic/mutagenic potential of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg of Modafinil/mL of corn oil/100g body weight in acute treatments and subacute treatments, 15 days, to Rattus norvegicus, treated via gavage in a single daily dose. The drug was not cytotoxic at any of the evaluated doses in either of the treatments. However, the medicine showed clastogenic/mutagenic activity in the acute treatment group at the standard dose and at double dose. Data from the present study indicates that there should be greater caution as to the use of this psychostimulant by human beings.
Assuntos
Modafinila/toxicidade , Mutagênese , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Promotores da Vigília/toxicidade , Animais , Aberrações Cromossômicas/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Índice Mitótico , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The volatile essential oil derived from the plant Melaleuca alternifolia, also called tea tree oil (TTO), is largely employed for its antimicrobial properties against several human pathogens. It is used in many topical formulations to treat cutaneous infections. AIM OF THE STUDY: Since very few studies have been done on the safety and toxicity of the crude Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, current investigation evaluates the possible genotoxic effects of TTO in human lymphocyte cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The composition of current TTO sample was determined by GC/MS and NMR. The level of cytotoxicity in TTO treated cultures was determined by decrease of mitotic index when compared to that in negative control. The genotoxic potential of TTO was assessed by the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus and the chromosome aberrations (CA) tests. RESULTS: Twenty-seven compounds were identified, accounting for 98.9% of the constituents. Terpinen-4-ol (42.8%), γ-terpinene (20.4%), p-cymene (9.6%), α-terpinene (7.9%), 1,8-cineole (3%), α-terpineol (2.8%) and α-pinene (2.4%) were the major compounds of the oil sample. None of the tested TTO concentrations (95µg/ml, 182µg/ml and 365µg/ml) caused a significant increase in the observed frequencies of micronuclei when compared to those in the untreated cultures (negative control). Additionally, no significant differences regarding the frequencies of CA were observed among the tested TTO concentrations and the negative control. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that TTO, in the tested concentrations, is not genotoxic in in vitro mammalian cells.
Assuntos
Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleo de Melaleuca/toxicidade , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/toxicidade , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Células Cultivadas , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Óleo de Melaleuca/químicaRESUMO
A carqueja (Baccharis trimera(Less.) DC.) é uma planta medicinal da família Asteraceae muito utilizada como chá no sul do Brasil no tratamento de doenças renais, intestinas, estomacais e principalmente como emagrecedora. O objetivo desde trabalho foi de avaliar a mutagenicidade in vivoe in vitrodo chá e para isso foi realizado o teste de Allium cepaL. e o de aberrações cromossômicas em linfócitos humanos utilizando quatro tratamentos: T1 (água); T2 (20 g/L de carqueja); T3 (200 g/L de carqueja), e T4 (paracetamol, a 400 mg/L). Ambos os procedimentos foram analisados pelo teste Mann-Whitney U. Este estudo evidencia um efeito mutagênico do chá em células vegetais (Allium cepa) e em células humanas (aberrações cromossômicas) cultivadas, pois em ambos os testes, T2 e T3 obteve-se uma média mais elevada que nos outros tratamentos. Este estudo demonstra que o efeito é dependente da dose, portanto recomenda-se que o chá de carqueja seja consumido com moderação.
Broom (Baccharis trimera(Less.) DC.) is a medicinal plant from Asteraceae that is commonly used as a tea in the south of Brazil for the treatment of renal, intestinal and stomach diseases. It is also used as a slimming agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity of the tea in vivoand in vitro. In order to do this, the Allium cepatest was carried out and the chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes were tested using four treatments: T1 (water); T2 (20 g/L of broom); T3 (200 g/L of broom) and T4 (paracetamol at 400 mg/L). Both procedures were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. This study provided evidence of a mutagenic effect of the tea in vegetable cells (Allium cepa) and in cultivated human cells. In tests T2 and T3 there was a higher average than the other treatments. This study shows that the effect is dependent on the dose. It is therefore recommended that broom tea be consumed with moderation.