RESUMO
Human and experimental studies have shown that chronic schistosomiasis mansoni protects against metabolic disorders through direct and indirect pathways. This study aims to investigate the co-morbidity between the acute schistosomiasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. To address this, male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat chow (60% fat) or standard chow (10% fat) for 13 weeks and later infected with 80 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Mice were assigned into four groups: uninfected fed standard (USC), uninfected fed high-fat chow (UHFC), infected fed standard (ISC), and infected fed high-fat chow (IHFC). Blood sample and tissues were obtained at nine weeks post-infection (acute schistosomiasis) by necropsy. UHFC mice showed higher body mass, visceral adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG), and liver steatosis compared to USC mice. IHFC mice showed lower blood lipid levels, blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, body mass, and liver steatosis (macro and microvesicular) compared to UHFC mice. IHFC showed more massive histopathological changes (sinusoidal fibrosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and inflammatory infiltrates) compared to ISC. In conclusion, the co-morbidity results in both beneficial (friend) and detrimental (foe) for the host. While the acute schistosomiasis improves some metabolic features of metabolic syndrome, comorbidity worsens the liver injury.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Biomphalaria/parasitologia , Comorbidade , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Granuloma/etiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Intestinos/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Esquistossomose mansoni/metabolismo , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
Cereal-based diets formulated as semi-purified diets can provide flexibility for researchers, enabling open controlled formulas, besides being cheaper than purified diets. Seeking to widen the researchers' options in their experimental design developments, we aimed at assaying the chemical score, growth performance and protein utilization of nine semi-purified experimental chows. These diets were formulated at 17.8%, 12% and 8% protein contents, using three variations of ingredients for each one, as follows: casein (C), casein+soybean meal (C+S, 1:1 w/w protein) and casein+soybean meal+corn gluten meal (C+S+G, 1:1:1 w/w protein), without cysteine supplementation and setting casein 17.8% (AIN-93G) as reference diet. The diets C and C+S (17.8%) had the Cys as the limiting amino acid once the addition of gluten turns the Lys as second limiting. All diets had the potential for promoting growth with body mass gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR; chow consumed per body weight gain, average 3.12) and feed efficiency ratio (FER; body weight gain per chow consumed, average 0.3), except for C+S+G 8% (FCR = 6 g; FER = 0.13). These variations were mainly due to the protein amounts independently from the protein ingredient used and could characterize the C+S+G 8% as unable to support growth. For the other parameters (digestibility, net protein ratio, net protein utilization and protein efficiency ratio), there were no relevant differences between the diets. We can conclude that 17.8%, 12% and 8% chows (C and C+S) allowed a proper combination of ingredients from the point of view of palatability, nutrient availability/utilization, metabolic processes, growth performance and feed utilization parameters.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Grão Comestível , Animais , Caseínas/administração & dosagem , Caseínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Ingestão de Alimentos , Metabolismo Energético , Estudos de Viabilidade , Glutens/administração & dosagem , Glutens/metabolismo , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Valor Nutritivo , Ratos Wistar , Proteínas de Soja/administração & dosagem , Proteínas de Soja/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso , Zea maysRESUMO
The effect of a high (chocolate) versus low fat/sugar (chow) food on a conditioned-place-preference (CPP) task was evaluated in marmoset monkeys. Anxiety-related behaviors and cortisol levels before and after the CPP task were also measured. Subjects were habituated to a two-compartment CPP box and then, on alternate days, had access to only one compartment during daily 15-min conditionings, for a total of 14 trials. Marmosets were provisioned with chocolate chips in the CC-paired compartment on odd-numbered trials and standard chow in the CW-paired compartment on even-numbered trials. They were then tested for preferring the CC-paired context after a 24-h interval. During the conditioning, a significantly greater amount (in kcal/trial) of chocolate was consumed than chow, yet the foraging pattern of both food types was similar. On the test trial, the time spent in the CC-paired context increased significantly compared to pre-CPP levels, yet this response was not readily predicted by baseline behavioral or cortisol levels. Also, the chocolate CPP response was positively correlated with foraging time, rather than the amount of calories consumed. The sudden absence of the food increased exploration, while the chocolate CPP effect was associated with vigilance - both anxiety-related behaviors in marmosets. This behavioral profile occurred regardless of any concomitant change or correlation with cortisol. Therefore, the high fat/sugar food was more prone to be overly consumed by the marmosets, to induce a CPP response and to lead to anxiety-related behavior in its absence.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Comportamento Apetitivo/fisiologia , Cacau , Condicionamento Psicológico/fisiologia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Animais , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Callithrix , Ingestão de Energia , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
El Síndrome de Túnel del carpo (STC) es una patología crónica e incapacitante, causa molestias nocturnas y adormecimiento en la distribución del nervio mediano y atrofia de los músculos de la masa tenar. James Paget, citó dos casos de compresión del nervio mediano de origen post-traumático. La base para el tratamiento del STC, ha sido la sección del ligamento anular del carpo, introducida desde 1913. Recientemente se han descrito técnicas de liberación endoscópica del STC, demostrando que son compatibles los resultados finales de la cirugía abierta y la endoscópica. El Objetivo es demostrar que la Técnica de Chow modificada por Lewicky, para la realización de la liberación endoscópica del túnel del carpo, es efectiva y segura para los pacientes con STC. Se realizaron 35 cirugías de pacientes, desde el año 2008 al 2012, 3 masculinos y 22 femeninos, 13 bilaterales, 6 derechos y 3 izquierdos. El mayor grupo estaba entre los 51 y 70 años lo que significaba el 56% de los casos, el paciente operado de mayor edad tenía 74 años el de menor edad de 40 años, con predominio del sexo femenino. Se revisó por escala analógica del dolor de 1 al 10 a los pacientes, antes de la cirugía referían el máximo dolor (10) y luego de la cirugía los pacientes no refirieron dolor. Se comprobó la eficacia de la Técnica de Chow, modificada por Lewicky. Es una cirugía segura, repetible en sus resultados y escasas complicaciones, con la posibilidad de integrarse en corto tiempo a las actividades(AU)
The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a chronic and disabling, cause nocturnal discomfort and numbness in the distribution of the median nerve and atrophy of the thenar muscle mass. James Paget, cited two cases of median nerve compression post-traumatic origin. The basis for the treatment of CTS, has been the section of the annular ligament of the carpus, introduced since 1913. Recently described endoscopic techniques STC release, demonstrating that support the final results of open surgery and endoscopy. The objective is to demonstrate that the modified Chow technique Lewicky, for performing endoscopic release of the carpal tunnel, is effective and safe for patients with STC. Surgeries were performed 35 patients from 2008 to 2012, 3 male and 22 female, 13 bilateral, 6 right and 3 izleft. The largest group was between 51 and 70 years which meant 56% of the cases, the older surgical patient was 74 years younger than 40 years with female predominance. Revised by analog pain scale of 1 to 10 patients before surgery maximum pain related (11) and after surgery patients reported no pain. We tested the effectiveness of Chow technique, modified by Lewicky. Surgery is safe, repeatable results and hassle free, with the ability to integrate in a short time to activitiesl(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/cirurgia , Ligamentos/anatomia & histologia , Medição da Dor , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , EndoscopiaRESUMO
With the purpose of verifying the occurrence of insect pests in dog food commercialized in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, samples from 15 different pet stores were submitted to the extraction of insects in a Berlese-Tullgren apparatus. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae) (55.2 percent) was the most frequent specie followed by Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Cucujidae) (31.3 percent), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Bostrichidae) (8.9 percent) and Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Anobiidae) (4.7 percent), all from Coleoptera. Recife showed the highest rate of infestation (53.6 percent), followed by Olinda (34.4 percent) and Jaboatão dos Guararapes (12.0 percent). The infestation by coleopters in the region occurs with high frequency and may represent a threat mainly in commercialized products in bulk.
Objetivando verificar a ocorrência de insetos-praga em alimento industrializado para cães, comercializado na região metropolitana do Recife, amostras de 15 diferentes lojas agropecuárias foram submetidas à extração de insetos em funil de Berlese-Tullgren. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae) (55,2 por cento) foi o mais freqüente, seguido por Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Cucujidae) (31,3 por cento), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Bostrichidae) (8,9 por cento) e Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Anobiidae) (4,7 por cento), todos Coleoptera. Recife apresentou o maior índice de infestação (53,6 por cento), seguido por Olinda (34,4 por cento) e Jaboatão dos Guararapes (12,0 por cento). A infestação por coleópteros ocorre com elevada freqüência na região, podendo representar uma ameaça principalmente nos produtos comercializados a granel.