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AIM: To determine the anatomical reasons for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) accidents by testing whether this mishap is likely to occur in cases where the anatomical apex of the teeth fenestrates the overlying buccal cortical alveolar bone, allowing NaOCl to gain direct access to buccal soft tissues. METHODOLOGY: Following a cross-sectional, nonrandomized design, 13 patients who suffered unintentional NaOCl accidents whilst undergoing root canal treatment were included. After remission of symptoms, the root canals were fully irrigated with an innocuous radiopaque solution (saline diluted Claritrast 300) and subsequently CBCT scanned to create a 3D-map of the periapex and tracking of the irrigant pathway throughout the periapical tissues. An extra group of five control patients, who underwent root canal treatment with no NaOCl accident, was also CBCT-scanned after irrigation with the tracking radiopaque solution. The anatomical relationship of the cortical bone and the root apex, as well as the distribution of irrigation solution in the periapical tissue, was associated with patients undergoing a NaOCl accident or not, using a Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The frequency of teeth with apical cortical fenestration was significantly higher in the NaOCl accident-positive group, compared to the negative (P < 0.001). All 13 accident-positive patients had an anatomical apex in direct contact with the buccal soft tissue via fenestration of the overlying cortical bone and direct contact of the foramen with the soft tissues. The radiopaque solution was distributed in the soft tissue in these cases. In contrast, accident-negative patients had no fenestration of the buccal cortical bone and the anatomical root apex was within the cancellous bone or within a bone-confined periapical lesion. The radiopaque solution was also found in the cancellous bone or the periapical lesion, but patients had no manifestations of a NaOCl accident. CONCLUSION: This quasi-experimental cross-sectional clinical study suggests that, in addition to the presence of the extruded NaOCl solution, a patent foramen that fenestrates the cortical bone merging into the mucosal tissue might constitute a risk for the clinical manifestation of a NaOCl accident. Preoperative 3D scans aid in anticipating when an accident is likely to occur.

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Objective: This study aimed to gather information available in different disinfection protocols for establishments that provide care to suspected or confirmed patients with COVID-19, to contain the spread of the virus, besides proposing different ways of preparing the bleach solution for the most varied purposes within a Health Unit. Methods: It was realized bibliographic research about disinfection protocols to contain COVID-19, as well as disinfectant agents used to inactivate the virus. Results: Many hospitals and basic health units perform disinfection in many hospitals based on disinfection protocols that are not suitable due to the insufficient amount of daily cleaning recommended, as well as the use of ineffective agents or in inadequate concentrations. Among the most used disinfectant agents chlorine solutions have been described as the most efficient and most applicable, thus, we recommend the use of solutions containing chlorine in its composition, such as commercial bleach, as well as highlight its finalities, correct way of use and application at environments that take care of patients with disease COVID-19 or suspected. Conclusion: the use of solutions containing chlorine in its composition, such as commercial bleach, is a viable alternative for disinfecting hospitals and health basic units, due to its efficiency against the coronavirus, low cost, accessibility, and greater applicability when detected by other widespread disinfectant agents.(AU)

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo reunir informações disponíveis em diferentes protocolos de desinfecção para estabelecimentos que prestam atendimento a pacientes suspeitos ou confirmados com COVID-19, para conter a disseminação do vírus, além de propor diferentes formas de preparo da solução de água sanitária para as mais variadas finalidades dentro de uma Unidade de saúde. Métodos: foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre protocolos de desinfecção para conter o COVID-19, bem como os agentes desinfetantes empregados para inativar o vírus. Resultados: Muitos hospitais e unidades básicas de saúde realizam a desinfecção baseada em protocolos que não são adequados devida a quantidade insuficiente de limpeza diária recomendada, bem como o uso de agentes ineficazes ou em concentrações inadequadas. Dentre os agentes desinfetantes mais utilizados, soluções de cloro ativo têm sido descritas como as mais eficientes e aplicáveis, portanto, recomendamos o uso de soluções contendo cloro ativo em sua composição, como água sanitária, bem como enfatizamos suas finalidades, correta forma de uso e apliações em ambientes que prestam cuidados a pacientes suspeitos ou confirmados com COVID-19. Conclusão: o uso de soluções contendo cloro ativo em sua composição, como água sanitária, é uma alternativa viável para desinfecção de hospitais e unidades básicas de saúde devido a sua eficácia contra o coronavírus, baixo custo, fácil acesso, e maior aplicabilidade quando comparados com outros agentes desinfetantes.(AU)

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