RESUMO

Mexican Mayo Amerindians live in southern Sonora and North Sinaloa states. They probably come from North or are related to First American Inhabitants established further North. A non-related sample of them have volunteered to HLA study in order to achieve a profile useful for their epidemiology and future transplant interstate programs, in addition to ascertain ancestry and anthropological studies. HLA typing was carried out by a standard methodology. HLA-B*48 allele(s) was found, which is characteristic of Pacific Amerindians and Pacific Islanders/southern Asians. Also, HLA-A*24 (most likely HLA-A*24:02) shows specific high frequencies in this population and also in indigenous people, like Aleuts, Alaska Yupik, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, southern China and other Pacific Islands. Other Andean Amerindians also show a high HLA-A*24:02 frequencies. This confirms our previous results of a possible direct gene flow between Pacific Islanders/southern Asians and Amerindians. In addition, typical Amerindian haplotypes have been found in high frequency like HLA-A*24-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02, HLA-A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and HLA-A*24-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02, and new haplotypes are also described like HLA-A*02-B*35-DRB1*14:06-DQB1*03:01, HLA-A*02-B*48-DRB1*04:04-DQB1*03:02, and HLA-A*02-B*08-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02. This study also supports that Americas peopling was not only carried out through Bering Strait but also through Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in an earlier time than proposed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Wayu Amerindians live around Guajira Peninsula shared by Colombia and Venezuela. Wayu from Colombia have been studied for their HLA profile and these data put in context with both genetic and cultural relatedness to Pacific Islanders. HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*35 (most likely HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-B*35:05) and HLA-DRB1*04:03 and HLA-DQB1*03:02 are shared both by Wayu and other Amerindians and Pacific Islanders in specific high frequency. Our findings further suggest a genetic relationship between Amerindians (also Wiwa/Arsario and Chimila from Colombia; Uros from Peru) and Pacific Islanders. Titikaka Lake (Peru/Bolivia) Amerindians (Aymara, Uros and Quechua) share also cultural traits, like Tiwanaku (Titikaka Culture giant statues) and Easter Island Culture giant statues or "Moais".

Assuntos

RESUMO

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objective: To study the NAT2 gene polymorphisms 481T, 590A and 857A in the Chimila, Wiwa and Wayuu indigenous groups of the Colombian Caribbean to determine the frequencies of the alleles NAT2*4, NAT2*5, NAT2*6, and NAT2*7 and to determine the types of acetylators present in these populations. Methods: A total of 202 subjects were studied: 47 Chimila, 55 Wiwa, and 100 Wayuu. The polymorphisms were identified using a real-time PCR method for allelic discrimination designed using Taqman of Applied Biosystems. Results: The following alleles were found at the highest frequency in the following groups: the NAT2*4 allele (wild type) in the Wayuu group (55.3%), the NAT2*5 allele in the Wiwa group (34.5%), and the NAT2*7 allele in the Chimila group (24.2%). A higher frequency of the rapid acetylator status was found in the Wayuu group (31.3%) and Chimila group (29.5%) compared with the Wiwa group (12.7%). The intermediate acetylator status distribution was very similar in all three groups, and the frequency of the slow acetylator status was higher in the Wiwa group (32.7%) compared with the Chimila and Wayuu groups (20.5% and 21.2%, respectively). Conclusion: The results demonstrated the allelic distribution and pharmacogenetic differences of the three groups studied and revealed the most frequent acetylator status and phenotype. Because of the high prevalence of slow acetylators, a greater incidence of tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced hepatotoxicity is predicted in these populations, with a higher frequency in the Wiwa group.

Objetivo: Estudiar los polimorfismos tipo SNP (del inglés- single nucleotide polymorphism) 481T, 590A y 857A del gen NAT2, en los grupos indígenas Chimila, Wiwa y Wayúu del Caribe Colombiano para determinar las frecuencias de los alelos NAT2*4, NAT2*5, NAT2*6 y NAT2*7 y caracterizar el tipo de acetiladores presentes en estas poblaciones. Métodos: Se estudiaron 202 individuos en total, 47 Chimila, 55 Wiwa y 100 Wayúu. Los polimorfismos se determinaron mediante la técnica de PCR en tiempo real por el método de discriminación alélica Taqman de Applied Biosystems. Resultados: El alelo NAT2*4 (wild type) mostró una mayor frecuencia en el grupo Wayúu (55.3%), el alelo NAT2*5 en el grupo Wiwa (34.5%) y el alelo NAT2*7 en el grupo Chimila (24.2%). Se encontró una mayor frecuencia del estado acetilador rápido en el grupo Wayúu (31.3%) y en el grupo Chimila (29.5%) al compararse con el grupo Wiwa (12.7%). La distribución del estado acetilador intermedio es muy similar en los tres grupos, y para el estado acetilador lento observamos que en el grupo Wiwa la frecuencia es mayor (32.7%) con respecto a Chimila y Wayúu con 20.5% y 21.2% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los resultados permitieron conocer la distribución alélica y el componente farmacogenético de los tres grupos estudiados; igualmente, deducir el estado acetilador y/o fenotipo más frecuente. Debido a la alta prevalencia de acetiladores lentos, se podría predecir un aumento de la incidencia de hepatotóxicidad inducida por medicamentos antituberculosos como la Isoniacida indicados en estas poblaciones y en mayor frecuencia en el grupo Wiwa.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the NAT2 gene polymorphisms 481T, 590A and 857A in the Chimila, Wiwa and Wayuu indigenous groups of the Colombian Caribbean to determine the frequencies of the alleles NAT2*4, NAT2*5, NAT2*6, and NAT2*7 and to determine the types of acetylators present in these populations. METHODS: A total of 202 subjects were studied: 47 Chimila, 55 Wiwa, and 100 Wayuu. The polymorphisms were identified using a real-time PCR method for allelic discrimination designed using Taqman of Applied Biosystems. RESULTS: The following alleles were found at the highest frequency in the following groups: the NAT2*4 allele (wild type) in the Wayuu group (55.3%), the NAT2*5 allele in the Wiwa group (34.5%), and the NAT2*7 allele in the Chimila group (24.2%). A higher frequency of the rapid acetylator status was found in the Wayuu group (31.3%) and Chimila group (29.5%) compared with the Wiwa group (12.7%). The intermediate acetylator status distribution was very similar in all three groups, and the frequency of the slow acetylator status was higher in the Wiwa group (32.7%) compared with the Chimila and Wayuu groups (20.5% and 21.2%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the allelic distribution and pharmacogenetic differences of the three groups studied and revealed the most frequent acetylator status and phenotype. Because of the high prevalence of slow acetylators, a greater incidence of tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced hepatotoxicity is predicted in these populations, with a higher frequency in the Wiwa group.

OBJETIVO: Estudiar los polimorfismos tipo SNP (del inglés-single nucleotide polymorphism) 481T, 590A y 857A del gen NAT2, en los grupos indígenas Chimila, Wiwa y Wayúu del Caribe Colombiano para determinar las frecuencias de los alelos NAT2*4, NAT2*5, NAT2*6 y NAT2*7 y caracterizar el tipo de acetiladores presentes en estas poblaciones. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 202 individuos en total, 47 Chimila, 55 Wiwa y 100 Wayúu. Los polimorfismos se determinaron mediante la técnica de PCR en tiempo real por el método de discriminación alélica Taqman de Applied Biosystems. RESULTADOS: El alelo NAT2*4 (wild type) mostró una mayor frecuencia en el grupo Wayúu (55.3%), el alelo NAT2*5 en el grupo Wiwa (34.5%) y el alelo NAT2*7 en el grupo Chimila (24.2%). Se encontró una mayor frecuencia del estado acetilador rápido en el grupo Wayúu (31.3%) y en el grupo Chimila (29.5%) al compararse con el grupo Wiwa (12.7%). La distribución del estado acetilador intermedio es muy similar en los tres grupos, y para el estado acetilador lento observamos que en el grupo Wiwa la frecuencia es mayor (32.7%) con respecto a Chimila y Wayúu con 20.5% y 21.2% respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados permitieron conocer la distribución alélica y el componente farmacogenético de los tres grupos estudiados; igualmente, deducir el estado acetilador y/o fenotipo más frecuente. Debido a la alta prevalencia de acetiladores lentos, se podría predecir un aumento de la incidencia de hepatotóxicidad inducida por medicamentos antituberculosos como la Isoniacida indicados en estas poblaciones y en mayor frecuencia en el grupo Wiwa.

Assuntos