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PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Colombia and its relations with demographic and socioeconomic variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional study performed in 10 Colombian administrative districts (MIOPUR study), including children and adolescents from 8 to 17 years old and adults from 35 to 55 years old. RESULTS: 3608 individuals (100% of whom agreed to participate) were included. Prevalence estimates of refractive errors were: hyperopia 32.3% (95% CI 30.7 to 33.8), myopia 12.9% (95% CI 11.8 to 14.0), mixed astigmatism 2.8% (95% CI 2.2 to 3.3) and anisometropia 1.9% (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3). Prevalence of myopia in 15-year-old adolescents was 14.7%. In children and adolescents, the hyperopia prevalence decreased while myopia prevalence increased with age. In the adults group, the tendency was the contrary. Myopia prevalence reached 15.7% in urban and 9.2% in rural areas, and for hyperopia, the rates were 29.4% in urban and 36.1% in rural areas. In the multivariate analysis, living in an urban area significantly increased the risk of having myopia (OR: 1.45 (1.12 to 1.89); p<0.01). There were significant regional differences among diverse zones of the country. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence estimates of myopia and hyperopia in Colombia were found to be at an intermediate point compared with global data. In adults, myopia frequency was lower than in European and Asian studies. The prevalence of myopia increased during childhood and adolescence and was higher in middle-aged adults (35-39 years) than in older adults. On the other hand, hyperopia rates increased with age, findings that suggest a cohort effect. In the multivariate analysis, residence in urban areas and living in a medium-high socioeconomic status were linked to myopia.
Assuntos
Refração Ocular , Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , População Rural , População Urbana , Acuidade Visual , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Erros de Refração/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To determine the recent demographic data, risk factors and results of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening and treatment in Costa Rica. METHODS: The medical records of all preterm infants meeting ROP screening criteria (≤34 weeks' gestational age (GA) or birth weight (BW) ≤1750g, and those determined at risk by neonatologists) in the national healthcare system, Costa Rica, January 2010-December 2014, were retrospectively reviewed. The numbers and percentages of infants with ROP, risk factors, percentage of patients treated and treatment outcomes were determined. Comparison is made with screening criteria and literature reports of ROP incidence in other countries. RESULTS: The study population included 3018 preterm infants. Overall, 585 patients (585/3018, 19.4%) were found to have ROP. Of these, 15.4% (90 patients) required laser treatment, and 53% of those requiring treatment had BW <1000g. Five babies requiring treatment were ≥32 weeks' GA but with BW ≤1750g. Aggressive posterior disease was found in nine patients, and two infants of those screened (2/3018, 0.07%) suffered severe visual impairment during the 5-year study period. CONCLUSION: We provide comprehensive data of ROP care in Costa Rica allowing assessment and comparison of screening criteria and protocol.
Assuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/diagnóstico , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS: To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in children in Suriname (Dutch Guyana) and to identify preventable and treatable causes. METHODS: 4643 children under 16 years of age were recruited from two locations: 33 children attending the only school for the blind were examined and 4610 medical records were analysed at an eye clinic. Data have been collected using the WHO Prevention of Blindness Programme eye examination record for children. RESULTS: 65 children were identified with SVI/BL, 58.5% were blind and 41.5% were severely visually impaired (SVI). The major anatomical site of SVI/BL was the retina in 33.8%, lens in 15.4% and normal appearing globe in 15.4%. The major underlying aetiology of SVI/BL was undetermined in 56.9% (mainly cataract and abnormality since birth) and perinatal factors 21.5% (mainly retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)). Avoidable causes of SVI/BL accounted for 40% of cases; 7.7% were preventable and 32.3% were treatable with cataracts and ROP the most common causes (15.4% and 12.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: More than a third of the SVI/BL causes are potentially avoidable, with childhood cataract and ROP the leading causes. Corneal scarring from vitamin A deficiency does not seem to be a continuing issue in Suriname.
Assuntos
Cegueira/epidemiologia , Baixa Visão/epidemiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Cegueira/etiologia , Cegueira/prevenção & controle , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Oftalmopatias/complicações , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Suriname/epidemiologia , Baixa Visão/etiologia , Baixa Visão/prevenção & controle , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular outcome in premature infants treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injections for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) over a period of 3 years. METHODS: An interventional case series. Premature infants with high-risk prethreshold or threshold ROP with plus disease received an off label monotherapy with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. The primary outcome was treatment success defined as regression of neovascularisation (NV) and absence of recurrence. The secondary outcomes were ocular and systemic adverse events and visual acuity. RESULTS: Six eyes were included in the study and treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. All showed complete resolution of NV after a single injection. The anti-angiogenic intravitreal injections allowed for continued normal vessel growth into the peripheral retina, without any signs of disease recurrence or progression during the follow up period. No ocular or systemic adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Three years of follow up in a small series suggest that intravitreal ranibizumab injections for ROP result in apparently preserved ocular outcome. Further large scale studies are needed to address the long-term safety and efficacy.