RESUMO
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an RNA virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The clinical manifestations include fever, arthralgia, rash, and other atypical clinical findings including ocular lesions. We report the case of a 57-year-old man with meningoencephalitis and anterior uveitis due to CHIKV. The patient had developed bilateral anterior uveitis with iris atrophy and a cotton wool spot on the left eye, and his serum, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for CHIKV by RT-PCR. The spectrum of the ophthalmologic manifestations and its pathophysiology in cases of CHIKV infections needs to be better understood. Additional studies examining the ocular lesions caused by CHIKV could improve the therapeutic goals of reducing the morbidity and sequels.
Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/complicações , Encefalite Viral/etiologia , Infecções Oculares Virais/etiologia , Uveíte Anterior/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Aedes/virologia , Animais , Humor Aquoso/virologia , Febre de Chikungunya/transmissão , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Encefalite Viral/diagnóstico , Encefalite Viral/virologia , Infecções Oculares Virais/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Virais/virologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Microscopia Acústica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/análise , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Uveíte Anterior/diagnóstico , Uveíte Anterior/virologiaRESUMO
La fiebre por virus de Chikunguña es producida por un arbovirus, RNA virus el cual es trasmitido por la picadura de mosquitos infectados. Los síntomas más importantes en estado agudo son fiebre, dolor articular y rash cutáneo. Aunque la enfermedad no se considera una amenaza para la vida del paciente, se han realizado varios reportes de mortalidad por la enfermedad. Hay también numerosos casos con descripción de manifestaciones atípicas las cuales son causa de morbilidad, que pueden dejar secuelas en el organismo y a nivel ocular con repercusiones en calidad de vida de los pacientes; por lo cual médicos de diferentes especialidades y oftalmólogos debemos estar al corriente de la enfermedad para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. Esta revisión hace énfasis en la etiología, epidemiología, manifestaciones sistémicas y oculares, diagnóstico y tratamiento disponible.
Chikungunya fever is caused by an arbovirus, a RNA virus that is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The most relevant acute symptoms of the disease are fever, joint pain and rash. Although Chikungunya is generally not considered life threatening, there are reports of cases with mortality; atypical clinical manifestations resulting in significant morbidity have been documented, besides sequels that may cause several different manifestation in the organism and the eyes and repercussions in the quality of life of patients; physicians of different specialties of medicine and ophthalmologist should be aware of it to perform a promptly diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the current understanding on the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, systemic changes with an emphasis on ocular findings, diagnosis and available treatment of the disease.