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To compare the diagnostic effectiveness of chest computed tomography (CT) utilizing a single- versus a dual-reviewer approach in patients with pneumonia secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we conducted a retrospective observational study of data from a cross-section of 4809 patients with probable SARS-CoV-2 from March to November 2020. All patients had a CT radiological report and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. A dual-reviewer approach was applied to two groups while conducting a comparative examination of the data. Reviewer 1 reported 108 patients negative and 374 patients positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in group A, and 266 negative and 142 positive in group B. Reviewer 2 reported 150 patients negative and 332 patients positive for COVID-19 in group A, and 277 negative and 131 positive in group B. The consensus result reported 87 patients negative and 395 positive for COVID-19 in group A and 274 negative and 134 positive in group B. These findings suggest that a dual-reviewer approach improves chest CT diagnosis compared to a conventional single-reviewer approach.

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COVID-19 has generated a scenario for global health with multiple systemic impairments. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical, radiological, and pulmonary functional evolution in 302 post-COVID-19 patients. Regarding post-COVID-19 pulmonary symptoms, dry cough, dyspnea, and chest pain were the most frequent. Of the associated comorbidities, asthma was more frequent (23.5%). Chest tomography (CT) initially showed a mean pulmonary involvement of 69.7%, and evaluation in the subsequent months showed improvement in the evolutionary image. With less than six months post-pathology, there was a commitment of 37.7% from six to twelve months it was 20%, and after 12 months it was 9.9%. As for most of the sample, 50.3% of the patients presented CT normalization less than six months after infection, 23% were normalized between six and twelve months, and 5.2% presented with normalized images after twelve months, with one remaining. A percentage of 17.3% maintained post-COVID-19 pulmonary residual sequelae. Regarding spirometry, less than six months after pathology, 59.3% of the patients presented regular exam results, 12.3% had their function normalized within six to twelve months, and 6.3% had normal exam results twelve months after their post-pathology evaluation. Only 3.6% of the patients still showed some alteration during this period.

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Introducción: el SARS-CoV-2 causa daño multiorgánico, con predilección al epitelio respiratorio. Los estudios de imagen en tórax han sido determinantes en muchas patologías y, durante la reciente pandemia, no fue excepción. En el seguimiento con tomografía de tórax post COVID-19 en varias series, se ha observado persistencia de lesiones al egreso y a lo largo de varios meses. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir los hallazgos tomográficos en pacientes con seguimiento hasta un año post egreso hospitalario por COVID-19 moderado-grave. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 moderado-grave de marzo 2020 a marzo 2022 en el hospital del ISSSTE, Chiapas-México; con prueba RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positiva, TC de hospitalización y de seguimiento posterior al egreso (0-4 meses; 4-8 meses; 8-12 meses). Se utilizó la terminología de la sociedad Fleischner. Además, se evaluó la extensión por lóbulo afectado (>75%, 75-50%, 50-25%, <25%). Resultados: Se estudiaron 27 pacientes, 74% hombres, edad promedio 56 años. El patrón tomográfico predominante al ingreso fue el mixto con 56% y extensión pulmonar >75%; vidrio despulido 30% y 11% consolidación. Al cuarto y octavo mes el patrón mixto fue el más frecuente, al doceavo mes persistía en el 33% de los pacientes y en el 30% de los casos la tomografía fue normal. Conforme pasaron los meses, la extensión del daño fue limitándose. Conclusión: el seguimiento con tomografía en COVID-19 moderado-grave es indiscutible. Permite identificar con precisión el patrón tomográfico en los diferentes momentos de la enfermedad, optimizar el tratamiento y disminuir las secuelas.

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Resumen: Introducción: la ventilación mecánica en posición de decúbito prono puede usarse para el tratamiento del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA), principalmente como una estrategia para mejorar la oxigenación cuando fallan los modos de ventilación más tradicionales. Objetivo: conocer si existe asociación entre la categoría tomográfica inicial y la respuesta a la ventilación en posición prono. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, longitudinal y retrospectivo de todos los expedientes clínicos de pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de junio de 2020 a junio de 2021 con ventilación mecánica invasiva en decúbito prono, a los cuales se les realizó tomografía de tórax al ingreso al hospital en el periodo mencionado. Resultados: se incluyeron 66 expedientes clínicos, de los cuales 48 fueron del género masculino y 18 del femenino. La edad promedio fue de 51 años. En la tomografía inicial, la mayoría correspondía a una categoría tomográfica C con hasta 48.5% y en menor porcentaje a la categoría tomográfica A y B con una frecuencia de 27.3 y 24.2% respectivamente. La categoría tomográfica B tuvo el mayor porcentaje de pacientes respondedores a decúbito prono hasta de 87%, las categorías A y C tuvieron un porcentaje menor de respondedores de 66.7 y 44.7% respectivamente, sin significancia estadística quizá por el número limitado de pacientes. Conclusiones: los pacientes con categoría B fueron los que mejor respondieron a esta estrategia. Existe una relación entre la categoría y la respuesta a la ventilación mecánica en decúbito prono.

Abstract: Introduction: prone ventilation is ventilation that is administered with the patient lying prone, it can be used for the treatment of ARDS mainly as a strategy to improve oxygenation when more traditional modes of ventilation fail. Objective: to know if there is an association between the initial tomographic category and the response to ventilation in the prone position. Material and methods: observational, analytical, longitudinal and retrospective study of all the clinical records of patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit from June 2020 to June 2021 with invasive mechanical ventilation in the prone position, who underwent chest tomography at hospital admission in the period. Results: 66 clinical records were included, of which 48 were male and 18 female. The mean age was 51 years. In the initial tomography, the majority corresponded to a tomographic category C with up to 48.5% and in a lower percentage to tomographic category A and B with a frequency of 27.3 and 24.2% respectively. Tomographic category B had the highest percentage of responders in the prone position up to 87%, category A and C had a percentage of responders of 66.7 and 44.7% respectively, without statistical significance, perhaps due to the limited number of patients. Conclusions: patients with category B were the ones that best responded to this strategy. There is a relationship between the category and the response to mechanical ventilation in the prone position.

Resumo: Introdução: a ventilação prona é a ventilação que é administrada com o paciente deitado em decúbito ventral, pode ser utilizada para o tratamento da SDRA principalmente como estratégia para melhorar a oxigenação quando os modos mais tradicionais de ventilação falham. Objetivo: saber se existe associação entre a categoria tomográfica inicial e a resposta à ventilação em decúbito prona. Material e métodos: estudo observacional, analítico, longitudinal e retrospectivo de todos os prontuários clínicos de pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no período de junho de 2020 a junho de 2021 com ventilação mecânica invasiva em decúbito prona, que realizaram tomografia de tórax na admissão hospitalar no período. Resultados: incluíram-se 66 prontuários, sendo 48 do sexo masculino e 18 do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 51 anos. Na tomografia inicial, a maioria correspondia à categoria tomográfica C com até 48.5% e em menor percentual à categoria tomográfica A e B com frequência de 27.3% e 24.2% respectivamente. A categoria tomográfica B teve o maior percentual de respondedores na posição prona, até 87%, as categorias A e C tiveram o menor percentual de respondedores de 66.7% e 44.7% respectivamente, sem significância estatística talvez devido ao número limitado de pacientes. Conclusões: os pacientes da categoria B foram os que melhor responderam a esta estratégia. Existe relação entre a categoria e a resposta à ventilação mecânica na posição prona.

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Evaluation in medical emergencies of COVID-19 patients represents a challenge to regulate preventive and timely management. There are key imaging and laboratory tools to classify the severity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chest CT score performance and prognostic indices in COVID-19 patients to predict the progression to critical illness. This was a retrospective study between run between April and December 2020, in which 109 patients were included. Patients of any age and gender and who required hospitalization due to a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-PCR and chest CT and laboratory were analyzed. In 75% of them, there was at least one comorbidity, and 30% developed critical illness, and the average mortality was 10%. In 49.5%, there was a CORADS-5 on admission, and in 50%, there was a peripheral distribution of the interstitial infiltrate in the left lower lobe. The risk factors were FiO2, CT score > 18, and the NRL index. The combination of the high-risk Quick COVID-19 Severity Index (qCSI) plus CT score > 18 indices was the best prediction index for the development of a critical condition. The combined use of indices in infected COVID-19 patients showed diagnostic accuracy and predicted severity. Imaging and the laboratory tests are key tools independent of the wave of recurrence.

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PURPOSE: To investigate inflammatory changes in the induced sputum (IS) of gas station attendants (GSAs) at risk of exposure to fuel vapors through inhalation and susceptible to respiratory complaints and impaired lung function. METHODS: Hypertonic saline-IS was collected from 52 GSAs who had never smoked (42 men, age = 35.9 ± 8.9 years) and had no known comorbidities. A group of 22 non-smokers (11 men, age = 30.5 ± 5.1 years) selected from the University staff served as control. The GSAs answered a questionnaire and underwent spirometry and chest tomography. A total of 15 inflammatory biomarkers associated with inflammation, including cytokines, chemokines, and mediators of immunological response, were also measured. RESULTS: The most common symptoms of GSAs were coughing (42.3%) and dyspnea (59.6%) based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA; Class II) classification. Significant elevations (p < 0.05) in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume within the first second were observed in the GSAs relative to those in the controls (GSA vs. control: 99 ± 12% vs. 90 ± 9% and 94 ± 11% vs. 87 ± 10%, respectively). The GSAs had a lower percentage of IS lymphocytes than that in the control group (4.5 ± 5.7% vs. 7.7 ± 9.8%). The GSAs also had significantly lower concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12P70, IFN-γ, and MIP-1α, but IL-3 levels were higher. No differences were observed in the airway thickness and the amount of emphysema between the GSAs and the controls. CONCLUSION: Despite normal lung function and absence of abnormalities on HRCT, GSAs have a higher frequency of respiratory complaints, with evidence of impairment of lymphocytic activity in the airways.

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La identificación del cáncer de pulmón en fases iniciales ha sido en los últimos años una tarea priorizada de la comunidad científica. Esta enfermedad representa la primera causa de muerte en el varón y la tercera después del cáncer de colon y mama en la mujer. La realización de estudios imagenológicos contribuye a la detección temprana de esta enfermedad. El elevado volumen de imágenes generado por los equipos médicos provoca la revisión de mucha información para emitir un diagnóstico médico. Con frecuencia se requiere la valoración de varios especialistas para llegar a un diagnóstico acertado, retardando el proceso de atención al paciente. En la presente investigación se exponen los resultados obtenidos al desarrollar un algoritmo utilizando métodos de procesamiento de imágenes, para la identificación de nódulos pulmonares solitarios. La utilización de sistemas que dirigen la atención de los especialistas a regiones candidatas en la imagen, proporcionando una segunda opinión en la interpretación de los resultados, pudiera mejorar la consistencia y agilizar el proceso de diagnóstico. Los resultados arrojados por el algoritmo desarrollado fueron contrastados con las anotaciones realizadas en imágenes publicadas en The Lung Image Database Consortium Image Collection (LIDC-IDRI) y se obtuvo un 77.78 % de acierto en la detección de nódulos pulmonares solitarios(AU)

The identification of lung cancer at early stages has been in recent years a prioritized task for the scientific community. This disease is the leading cause of death in men and the third after the colon and breast cancer in women. Performing imaging studies contributes to the early detection of this disease. The high volume of images generated by medical equipment leads to reviewing much information to issue a medical diagnosis. Often are required the assessment of several specialists to reach an accurate diagnosis, slowing the process of patient care. In the present investigation are exposed the results obtained to develop an algorithm using image processing methods for the identification of solitary pulmonary nodules. The use of systems that direct the attention of specialists to candidate regions in the image, providing a second opinion in the interpretation of results could improve consistency and agility in the diagnostic process. The results obtained by the developed algorithm were compared with annotations in images published in The Lung Image Database Consortium Image Collection (LIDC-IDRI) and was obtained 77.78 % accuracy in the detection of solitary pulmonary nodules(AU)

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La identificación del cáncer de pulmón en fases iniciales ha sido en los últimos años una tarea priorizada de la comunidad científica. Esta enfermedad representa la primera causa de muerte en el varón y la tercera después del cáncer de colon y mama en la mujer. La realización de estudios imagenológicos contribuye a la detección temprana de esta enfermedad. El elevado volumen de imágenes generado por los equipos médicos provoca la revisión de mucha información para emitir un diagnóstico médico. Con frecuencia se requiere la valoración de varios especialistas para llegar a un diagnóstico acertado, retardando el proceso de atención al paciente. En la presente investigación se exponen los resultados obtenidos al desarrollar un algoritmo utilizando métodos de procesamiento de imágenes, para la identificación de nódulos pulmonares solitarios. La utilización de sistemas que dirigen la atención de los especialistas a regiones candidatas en la imagen, proporcionando una segunda opinión en la interpretación de los resultados, pudiera mejorar la consistencia y agilizar el proceso de diagnóstico. Los resultados arrojados por el algoritmo desarrollado fueron contrastados con las anotaciones realizadas en imágenes publicadas en The Lung Image Database Consortium Image Collection (LIDC-IDRI) y se obtuvo un 77.78 por ciento de acierto en la detección de nódulos pulmonares solitarios(AU)

The identification of lung cancer at early stages has been in recent years a prioritized task for the scientific community. This disease is the leading cause of death in men and the third after the colon and breast cancer in women. Performing imaging studies contributes to the early detection of this disease. The high volume of images generated by medical equipment leads to reviewing much information to issue a medical diagnosis. Often are required the assessment of several specialists to reach an accurate diagnosis, slowing the process of patient care. In the present investigation are exposed the results obtained to develop an algorithm using image processing methods for the identification of solitary pulmonary nodules. The use of systems that direct the attention of specialists to candidate regions in the image, providing a second opinion in the interpretation of results could improve consistency and agility in the diagnostic process. The results obtained by the developed algorithm were compared with annotations in images published in The Lung Image Database Consortium Image Collection (LIDC-IDRI) and was obtained 77.78 percent accuracy in the detection of solitary pulmonary nodules(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: The Shwachman-Kulczycki score was the first scoring system used in cystic fibrosis to assess disease severity. Despite its subjectivity, it is still widely used. OBJECTIVE: To study correlations among forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), chest radiography, chest computed tomography, 6-minute walk test, and Shwachman-Kulczycki score in patients with cystic fibrosis and to test whether the Shwachman-Kulczycki score is still useful in monitoring the severity of the disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study was performed to analyze the correlations (Spearman). Patients with clinically stable cystic fibrosis, aged 3-21 years, were included. RESULTS: 43 patients, 19F/24M, mean age 10.5 + 4.7 years, with a median Shwachman-Kulczycki score of 70 were studied. The median Brasfield and Bhalla scores were 17 and 10, respectively. The mean Z score for the 6-minute walk test was -1.1 + 1.106 and the mean FEV1 was 59 + 26 (as percentage of predicted values). The following significant correlations versus the Shwachman-Kulczycki score were found: FEV1 (r = 0.76), 6-minute walk test (r = 0.71), chest radiography (r = 0.71) and chest computed tomography (r = -0.78). When patients were divided according to FEV1, a statistically significantly correlation with the Shwachman-Kulczycki score was found only in patients with FEV1 <70 percent (r = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: The Shwachman-Kulczycki score remains an useful tool for monitoring the severity of cystic fibrosis, adequately reflecting the functional impairment and chest radiography and tomography changes, especially in patients with greater impairment of lung function. When assessing patients with mild lung disease its limitations should be considered and its usefulness in such patients should be evaluated in larger populations.

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